Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) is an endogenous inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and is highly expressed in breast cancer (BC) cases at diagnosis. However, the genetic ...investigations for the association of
genotypes with BC risk are rather limited. In this study, contribution of
rs8179090, rs4789936, rs2009196 and rs7342880 genotypes to BC risk was examined among Taiwan's BC population.
genotypic profiles were revealed among 1232 BC cases and 1232 controls about their contribution to BC using a PCR-based RFLP methodology. The
rs8179090 homozygous variant CC genotype was significantly higher in BC cases than controls (odds ratio (OR) = 2.76, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.78-4.28,
= 0.0001). Allelic analysis showed that C allele carriers have increased risk for BC (OR = 1.39, 95%CI = 1.20-1.62,
= 0.0001). Genotypic together with allelic analysis showed that
rs4789936, rs2009196 or rs7342880 were not associated with BC risk. Stratification analysis showed that
rs8179090 genotypes were significantly associated with BC risk among younger (≤55) aged women, not among those of an elder (>55) age. Last, rs8179090 genotypes were also associated with triple negative BC. This study sheds light into the etiology of BC in Taiwanese women. Rs8179090 may be incorporated into polygenic risk scores and risk prediction models, which could aid in stratifying individuals for targeted breast cancer screening.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression is upregulated in various diseases, including lung cancer. However, the role of MMP-9 genotype in lung cancer susceptibility remains uncertain. This ...study aimed to clarify the contribution of MMP-9 promoter rs3918242 genotypes to the risk of lung cancer in Taiwan.
The MMP-9 rs3918242 genotypes of 358 lung cancer patients and 716 healthy controls were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methodology.
Individuals carrying the variant CT or TT genotype of MMP-9 rs3918242 did not demonstrate an increased risk of lung cancer compared to wild-type CC carriers odds ratio (OR)=1.11 and 1.85, 95% confidence interval (95%CI)=0.82-1.48 and 0.91-3.76; p=0.5541 and 0.1280, respectively. Moreover, individuals carrying the T allele did not show a higher lung cancer risk compared to those with the C allele (OR=1.21, 95%CI=0.95-1.54, p=0.1444). However, a significant association was observed between the MMP-9 rs3918242 TT genotype and lung cancer risk among non-smokers (OR=5.48, 95%CI=1.31-22.89, p=0.0181).
The presence of the TT genotype for MMP-9 rs3918242 may indicate an elevated risk of lung cancer among non-smokers.
Numerous studies have reported the over-expression of the radiation-sensitive protein 51 (RAD51) in various types of cancer. However, the role of RAD51 genotypes in lung cancer remains largely ...unknown. This study aimed to assess the impact of the common variant RAD51 rs1801320 (G-135C) genotypes on the risk of lung cancer in Taiwan.
The contribution of RAD51 rs1801320 genotypes to lung cancer risk was investigated in a cohort comprising 358 lung cancer patients and 716 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, utilizing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methodology.
The analysis revealed that among the control subjects, the percentages of GG, CG, and CC genotypes of RAD51 rs1801320 were 73.2%, 24.3%, and 2.5%, respectively. Among the lung cancer patients, these percentages were 71.0%, 25.1%, and 3.9%, respectively (p for trend=0.4075). Allelic frequency distributions showed no significant association between the C allele of RAD51 rs1801320 and lung cancer risk determination (p=0.2987). Specifically, the RAD51 rs1801320 CC genotypes were associated with an elevated risk of lung cancer among males adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.28, 95% confidence interval (95%CI)=1.03-4.87 and smokers (aOR=2.93, 95%CI=1.23-5.87), but not among females and non-smokers.
The RAD51 rs1801320 CC genotype was identified as a risk factor for elevated lung cancer risk in males and smokers. This genotype may serve as a molecular biomarker at the DNA level for early detection and prediction of lung cancer in Taiwan.
Impaired non-homologous end-joining DNA repair capacity may have a significant role in maintaining genome integrity and triggering carcinogenesis. However, the specific impact of DNA ligase 4 (Lig4) ...genotypes remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the contribution of Lig4 genotypes to the risk of developing lung cancer.
Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to examine the genotypes of Lig4 rs1805388, and their association with lung cancer risk was evaluated in a case-control study consisting of 358 lung cancer cases and 716 age- and sex-matched cancer-free control subjects.
The distribution of CC, CT, and TT genotypes for Lig4 rs1805388 among the cases was 45.0%, 41.6%, and 13.4%, respectively, compared to 58.0%, 36.3%, and 5.7% among the controls (p for trend=1.98×10
). Allelic analysis indicated that individuals carrying the T-allele for Lig4 rs1805388 had a 1.66-fold higher risk of developing lung cancer compared to those carrying the wild-type C-allele 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.36-2.02, p=4.04×10
. Moreover, a significant interaction was observed between the Lig4 rs1805388 genotype and smoking status (p=1.32×10
).
These findings suggest that the CT and TT variant genotypes of Lig4 rs1805388, combined with cigarette smoking, may contribute to a higher risk of developing lung cancer.
Graphene (Gr)/gold (Au) and graphene-oxide (GO)/Au nanocomposites (NCPs) were synthesized by performing pulsed-laser-induced photolysis (PLIP) on hydrogen peroxide and chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) that ...coexisted with Gr or GO in an aqueous solution. A 3-month-long aqueous solution stability was observed in the NCPs synthesized without using surfactants and additional processing. The synthesized NCPs were characterized using absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction to prove the existence of hybrid Gr/Au or GO/Au NCPs. The synthesized NCPs were further evaluated using the photocatalytic reaction of methylene blue (MB), a synthetic dye, under UV radiation, visible light (central wavelength of 470 nm), and full spectrum of solar light. Both Gr/Au and GO/Au NCPs exhibited photocatalytic degradation of MB under solar light illumination with removal efficiencies of 92.1% and 94.5%, respectively.
Impaired DNA repair capacity may play a critical role in genome instability and carcinogenesis. However, the impact of DNA ligase 1 (Lig1) genotypes on tumorigenesis remains unclear. This study aimed ...to investigate the contribution of Lig1 rs20579 genotypes to the risk of developing lung cancer, and review the related literature.
Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to determine the genotypes of Lig1 rs20579 and evaluate their association with lung cancer risk among 358 lung cancer cases and 716 age- and sex-matched cancer-free control subjects.
The distribution of GG, AG, and AA genotypes for Lig1 rs20579 was 77.1%, 20.8%, and 2.1% among the controls, and 76.0%, 21.5%, and 2.5% among the lung cancer cases (p for trend=0.8686). There was no significant difference in the distribution of AG and AA genotypes between the two groups (p=0.8257 and 0.8098, respectively). Allelic frequency analysis indicated that individuals carrying the variant A allele for Lig1 rs20579 had a non-significant 1.07-fold higher risk of developing lung cancer than those carrying the wild-type G allele 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.82-1.40, p=0.6639. Furthermore, no differential distribution of the Lig1 rs20579 genotype was found among non-smokers (p=0.9910) or smokers (p=0.9001).
In contrast to Americans, Lig1 rs20579 genotypes do not appear to play a critical role in determining susceptibility to lung cancer among Taiwanese individuals.
Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression has been documented as an influential contributor to the intricate milieu of allergic airway inflammation, tissue remodeling, and the exacerbation of ...asthma's severity. However, the genetic role underlying MMP-1 in the context of asthma has remained enigmatic, with its full implications yet to be unveiled. Considering this, our research was designed to investigate the association of MMP-1 -1607 rs1799750 and the propensity for asthma severity.
As a case-control investigation, our study enrolled 198 individuals diagnosed with asthma and age- and sex-matched 453 non-asthmatic controls. The genotypes of MMP-1 rs1799750 were determined utilizing the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methodology.
The frequency distributions of 2G/2G, 1G/2G and 1G/1G genotypes at MMP-1 rs1799750 were 49, 42.9, and 8.1%, respectively, among the patients with asthma. This pattern was not different from that of controls (43.7, 46.8, and 9.5%, respectively) (p for trend=0.4486). The allelic frequency pertaining to the variant 1G allele within the asthma group was 29.5%, with a non-significant disparity compared to the 32.9% in the control group (p=0.2596). Noticeably, there was a positive association between MMP-1 rs1799750 2G/1G and 1G/1G genotypes with asthma severity (p=0.0060).
Our research indicated that the presence of MMP-1 rs1799750 1G allele might not be the sole arbiter of an individual's susceptibility to asthma, yet its potential to function as a discerning prognostic marker for the severity of asthma emerged as a noteworthy finding deserving attention and further exploration.
The molecular mechanisms underlying the association between cell cycle and asthma are poorly understood, and cyclin D1 (CCND1) is found to be upregulated in asthma airway smooth muscle. We ...investigated whether the most frequently examined functional variants in CCND1 determine asthma susceptibility.
We genotyped 651 participants for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at rs9344 and rs678653 on CCND1 and assessed the association of these SNPs with asthma risk.
Significant differences were found in the distributions of genotypic (p=0.0064) and allelic (p=0.0021) frequencies of CCND1 rs9344. In addition, AG or GG carriers had 0.63- or 0.48-fold adjusted odds ratios for asthma risk (95%confidence intervals=0.48-0.92 and 0.22-0.78, respectively) than those who carried the AA wildtype.
Our results suggest that cell cycle regulation may play a role in asthma initiation and development, and the CCND1 rs9344 genotype may serve as an early detection marker for asthma.
Introduction
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently experience concurrent comorbidities; therefore, risk assessment for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) is ...very important.
Objectives
We explored the association between COPD and risk of MACEs with three common clinical events: acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemic stroke (IS), and cardiovascular death (CVD).
Methods
We evaluated the predictive value of the CHA2DS2‐VASc score (congestive heart failure C, hypertension H, age A, diabetes D, stroke S, and vascular disease VASc) for MACEs in COPD patients. In this observational study, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 29 258 patients with COPD between 2005 and 2009 in relation to MACE risk using the CHA2DS2‐VASc score. We calculated the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a significance level of .05.
Results
Patients with COPD had significantly (P < .001) increased risk of MACEs, and a high prevalence of CHA2DS2‐VASc scores ≥ 6, predicting MACEs (16.1%), AMI (3.3%), IS (8.7%), and CVD (4.0%). A good discrimination was found for MACEs, IS events, and CVD events (AUC = 0.740, 0.739, and 0.778, respectively) but poorer discrimination for AMI events (AUC = 0.697).
Conclusion
Early lifestyle modifications and antithrombotic therapy may be essential for COPD patients at a high risk of MACEs, that is, those with CHA2DS2‐VASc scores ≥ 6.
Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) is reported to be overexpressed in asthma; however, its genotypic contribution to asthma is not well studied. Therefore, we examined the association of MMP2 ...genotypes with asthma risk among Taiwanese.
One hundred and ninety-eight asthma patients and 453 non-asthmatic subjects were determined with respect to their MMP2 -1306 (rs243845) and -735 (rs2285053) genotypes.
CT and TT at MMP2 rs243845 are 17.7% and 1.5% among asthma cases, whereas their presence in healthy subjects is at 28.1% and 2.4%, respectively (p for trend=0.0118). In detail, the CT genotype in MMP2 rs243845 was associated with a decreased asthma risk adjusted odds ratio (OR)=0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.37-0.78, p=0.0040, and the T allele conferred a significantly lower asthma risk compared to the wild-type C allele (adjusted OR=0.55, 95%CI=0.43-0.77, p=0.0042). No significance was found for MMP2 rs2285053.
The genotype of CT in MMP2 rs243845 may serve as a novel biomarker in determining susceptibility to asthma in Taiwan.
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