Abstract
Background
To investigate the effect of artificial capnothorax on circulating tumor cells and survival after minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.
Methods
This prospective, ...multicenter, randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary hospital in China. Between August 2019 and January 2020, 110 patients with resectable esophageal cancer were randomized to undergo non-capnothorax esophagectomy (n = 55) or capnothorax procedures. The analysis was based on the intention-to-treat principle. The final follow-up occurred in November 2022. The main outcomes were changes in folate receptor-positive circulating tumor cells, 3-year overall survival, and disease-free survival rates.
Results
A total of 110 patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. After surgery, the incidence of patients with incremental changes in FR + CTC levels was 18.6% (8/43) in the capnothorax group and 2.7% (1/37) in the non-capnothorax group (P = 0.033) (mean changes, −3.9 ± 3.4 FU/3 mL vs −2.4 ± 2.9 FU/3 mL, respectively; P = 0.039). There were significant differences in the 3-year overall survival rate (81.6% 95%, 72.4–92.0 vs 65.2% 95%, 59.3–78.8; P = 0.002) and disease-free survival rate (81.6% 95%, 72.4–93.0 vs 61.6% 95%, 50.1–75.7; P = 0.015) between the two groups. Multivariate analysis indicated that the artificial pneumothorax approach was a prognostic factor for overall survival (HR: 2.347, 95% CI: 1.053–5.235; P = 0.037) and disease-free survival (HR: 1.325, 95% CI: 1.210–1.451; P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Artificial capnothorax during surgery resulted in increased dissemination of circulating tumor cells and worse survival outcomes in patients with esophageal cancer. Esophagectomy under non-capnothorax should be a recommended procedure.
Abstract The association between health status and influenza vaccination was examined among 129,809 Canadians 12 years of age or more in 2003. Of them, 46.7% had influenza vaccination at least once ...in their life and 27.6% had one in the past 12 months. Seniors and women were more likely to have one. Major chronic disease and self-perceived health were strong predictors. Overall hospitalization was also positively associated with an increased proportion of influenza vaccination. To increase the coverage of influenza vaccination in the general population and in the elderly subpopulation, those who consider themselves to be healthy need more attention.
The Zhejiang Provincial Cancer Prevention and Control Office collected cancer registration data during 2000 to 2009 from 6 cancer registries in Zhejiang province of China in order to analyze the ...cancer incidence.
Descriptive analysis included cancer incidence stratified by sex, age and cancer site group. The proportions and cumulative rates of 10 common cancers in different groups were also calculated. Chinese population census in 1982 and Segi's population were used for calculating age-standardized incidence rates. The log-linear model was used for fitting to calculate the incidence trends.
The 6 cancer registries in Zhejiang province in China covered a total of 60,087,888 person-years during 2000 to 2009 (males 30,445,904, females 29,641,984). The total number of new cancer cases were 163,104 (males 92,982, females 70,122). The morphology verified cases accounted for 69.7%, and the new cases verified only by information from death certification accounted for 1.23%. The crude incidence rate in Zhejiang cancer registration areas was 271.5/105 during 2000 to 2009 (male 305.41/105, female 236.58/105), age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and by world standard population (ASIRW) were 147.1/105 and 188.2/105, the cumulative incidence rate (aged from 0 to 74) being 21.7%. The crude incidence rate was 209.6/105 in 2000, and it increased to 320.20/105 in 2009 (52.8%), with an annual percent change (APC) of 4.51% (95% confidence interval, 3.25%-5.79%). Age-specific incidence rate of 80-84 age group was achieved at the highest point of the incidence curve. Overall with different age groups, the cancer incidences differed, the incidence of liver cancer being highest in 15-44 age group in males; the incidence of breast cancer was the highest in 15-64 age group in females; the incidences of lung cancer were the highest in both males and females over the age of 65 years.
Lung cancer, digestive system malignancies and breast cancer are the most common cancers in Zhejiang province in China requiring an especial focus. The incidences of thyroid cancer, prostate cancer, cervical cancer and lymphoma have increased rapidly. Prevention and control measures should be implemented for these cancers.
Purpose
Red soil (Ultisol) with high clay content and low aggregation results in high soil mechanical resistance and often suppresses crop root growth and productivity. Bio-tillage can be an ...effective tillage method to reduce the high soil mechanical resistance. This study aims to investigate different bio-tillage plants' root effects on soil mechanical resistance through soil aggregates properties.
Methods
The experiment designed 5 fall/winter cover crops (2 raps cultivars, lucerne, one-year vetiver (Vet_1Y) and six-year vetiver (Vet_6Y) as bio-tillage before summer maize and one control treatment. Plant root morphological and chemical traits, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil aggregate properties and soil mechanical resistance (measured and fitted values using model) were determined.
Results
The fibrous-rooted vetiver showed the largest root length density (RLD) (ranging from 2.71 to 4.82 cm cm
−3
), highest root diameter (RD) in deep soil depth, highest percentage of fine roots (0.2–0.5 mm), while lowest root lignin/cellulose ratio than tap-rooted lucerne and rapes. These root properties resulted in the highest improvement in the macroaggregate (> 5 mm and 5–2 mm) percentage for vetiver and especially for perennial Vet_6Y compared to other crops and control. Finally, fibrous-rooted vetiver contributed to the least soil mechanical resistance values followed by lucerne and two rapes compared to fallow. This was attributed to their positive root effect on improvement in macroaggregate and decrease in soil bulk density.
Conclusion
Our finding suggested that fibrous-rooted vetiver can be selected as a bio-tillage plant to improve soil physical properties, especially to reduce high mechanical resistance in clayey red soil.
Prunella vulgaris (PV) is a medicine and food homologous plant, but its quality evaluation seldom relies on the polysaccharides (PVPs). In this work, we established the multi-level fingerprinting and ...in vitro anti-inflammatory evaluation approaches to characterize and compare the polysaccharides of P. vulgaris collected from the major production regions in China. PVPs prepared from 22 batches of samples gave the content variation of 5.76–24.524 mg/g, but displayed high similarity in the molecular weight distribution. Hydrolyzed oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization 2–14 were characterized with different numbers of pentose and hexose by HILIC-MS. The tested 22 batches of oligosaccharides exhibited visible differences in peak abundance, which failed to corelate to their production regions. All the PVPs contained Gal, Xyl, and Ara, as the main monosaccharides. Eleven batches among the tested PVPs showed the significant inhibitory effects on NO production on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells at 10 μg/mL, but the exerted efficacy did not exhibit correlation with the production regions. Conclusively, we, for the first time, investigated the chemical features of PVPs at three levels, and assessed the chemical and anti-inflammatory variations among the different regions of P. vulgaris samples.
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•We first establish multi-level fingerprinting of Prunella vulgaris polysaccharides.•Methylation analysis by GC–MS indicated the predominant 1,3,4 linkage.•Hydrolyzed oligosaccharides with DPs of 2–14 were characterized by HILIC-MS.•Chemical and anti-inflammatory variations were evaluated for 22 batches PVPs.•Differences in chemistry and bioactivity of PVPs do not corelate to the source.
Glass transition temperatures of freeze-dried horse mackerel muscle conditioned at various water activities at 25
°C were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). High moisture content ...(>0.33
g/g, d.b.) samples obtained by adding liquid water into freeze-dried samples, were also analyzed. The state diagram was composed of the freezing curve and the glass transition line, which were fitted according to Clausius–Clapeyron model and Gordon–Taylor model, respectively. The state diagram yielded maximally freeze-concentrated solutes at 0.786 solids with the characteristic temperature of glass formation being −83.1
°C. The state diagram of horse mackerel muscle developed in this work could be used to predict the stability during frozen storage and in dried conditions as well as in designing drying and freezing processes.
Valproic acid (VPA) is widely used to treat epilepsy, migraine, chronic headache, bipolar disorder, and as adjuvant chemotherapy, but potentially causes idiosyncratic liver injury. ...Alpers‐Huttenlocher syndrome (AHS), a neurometabolic disorder caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (POLG), is associated with an increased risk of developing fatal VPA hepatotoxicity. However, the mechanistic link of this clinical mystery remains unknown. Here, fibroblasts from 2 AHS patients were reprogrammed to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and then differentiated to hepatocyte‐like cells (AHS iPSCs‐Hep). Both AHS iPSCs‐Hep are more sensitive to VPA‐induced mitochondrial‐dependent apoptosis than controls, showing more activated caspase‐9 and cytochrome c release. Strikingly, levels of both soluble and oligomeric optic atrophy 1, which together keep cristae junctions tight, are reduced in AHS iPSCs‐Hep. Furthermore, POLG mutation cells show reduced POLG expression, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) amount, mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production, as well as abnormal mitochondrial ultrastructure after differentiation to hepatocyte‐like cells. Superoxide flashes, spontaneous bursts of superoxide generation, caused by opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), occur more frequently in AHS iPSCs‐Hep. Moreover, the mPTP inhibitor, cyclosporine A, rescues VPA‐induced apoptotic sensitivity in AHS iPSCs‐Hep. This result suggests that targeting mPTP opening could be an effective method to prevent hepatotoxicity by VPA in AHS patients. In addition, carnitine or N‐acetylcysteine, which has been used in the treatment of VPA‐induced hepatotoxicity, is able to rescue VPA‐induced apoptotic sensitivity in AHS iPSCs‐Hep. Conclusion: AHS iPSCs‐Hep are more sensitive to the VPA‐induced mitochondrial‐dependent apoptotic pathway, and this effect is mediated by mPTP opening. Toxicity models in genetic diseases using iPSCs enable the evaluation of drugs for therapeutic targets. (Hepatology 2015;61:1730‐1739)
Abstract To evaluate the effectiveness of influenza vacation, we conducted analyses at both individual level and health region level. The association between influenza vaccination and hospital ...admission was examined among 128,677 subjects 12+ years of age who participated in a national survey in 2005. Both influenza and hospital admission proportions varied across health regions. Health regions with higher proportions of influenza vaccination had significantly lower proportions of hospitalization. A 10% increase in influenza vaccination less than 1 year ago was associated with a reduction of 11% in the risk of hospitalization over a 12-month time period at the health region level.
The more and more oily sewage from industry, shipping and domestic life greatly threaten our life and health. In this work, the porous Co–Ni(OH)
2
/Ni foam composites were prepared by a simple ...hydrothermal method and subsequent annealing at 200 °C. The high surface energy and novel structure of nanocone array endowed the composite with superhydrophilicity and superoleophobicity. After the surface modification of stearic acid (STA) with low surface energy, the Co–Ni(OH)
2
/Ni@STA composites were endowed with superlipophilicity and superhydrophobicity due to the low surface energy of STA and special surface nanostructure. Meantime, two extreme wetting states can be switched by alternating 200 °C calcination and STA surface modification. And the doping of Co element endows the composites with the excellent corrosion resistance. Based on the controllable switchable wetting performance of Co–Ni(OH)
2
/Ni composite, a three-way T-tube was designed for oil–water separation. Whether it is heavy oil or light oil, the device has high separation efficiency and excellent cyclic stability.
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