Metastasis is a major cause of death in patients with breast cancer. In the process of cancer development, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial to promoting the invasion and migration ...of tumor cells. In a previous study, the role of resveratrol in migration and metastasis was investigated in MDA-MB-231 (MDA231) human breast cancer cells and a xenograft-bearing mouse model. Additionally, the related mechanism was explored. In the present study, in vitro Transwell assays showed that resveratrol can inhibit the migration of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced MDA231 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that resveratrol can reduce the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. Immunofluorescence was performed to confirm the expression of EMT-related markers. Immunofluorescence assays confirmed that resveratrol changed the expression of the EMT-related markers E-cadherin and vimentin. Western blot analysis demonstrated that resveratrol decreased the expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, Fibronectin, α-SMA, P-PI3K, P-AKT, Smad2, Smad3, P-Smad2, P-Smad3, vimentin, Snail1, and Slug, as well as increased the expression levels of E-cadherin in MDA231 cells. In vivo, resveratrol inhibited lung metastasis in a mouse model bearing MDA231 human breast cancer xenografts without marked changes in body weight or liver and kidney function. These results indicate that resveratrol inhibits the migration of MDA231 cells by reversing TGF-β1-induced EMT and inhibits the lung metastasis of MDA231 human breast cancer in a xenograft-bearing mouse model.
In this work, we have developed a non-noble metal sacrificial approach for the first time to successfully immobilize highly dispersed AgPd nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The Co3(BO3)2 ...co-precipitated with AgPd nanoparticles and subsequently sacrificed by acid etching effectively prevents the primary AgPd particles from aggregation. The resulted ultrafine AgPd nanoparticles exhibit the highest activity (turnover frequency, 2739 h–1 at 323 K) among all the heterogeneous catalysts for the dehydrogenation of formic acid to generate hydrogen without CO impurity. The sacrificial approach opens up a new avenue for the development of high-performance metal nanocatalysts.
Genomic information has already been applied to prokaryotic species definition and classification. However, the contribution of the genome sequence to prokaryotic genus delimitation has been less ...studied. To gain insights into genus definition for the prokaryotes, we attempted to reveal the genus-level genomic differences in the current prokaryotic classification system and to delineate the boundary of a genus on the basis of genomic information. The average nucleotide sequence identity between two genomes can be used for prokaryotic species delineation, but it is not suitable for genus demarcation. We used the percentage of conserved proteins (POCP) between two strains to estimate their evolutionary and phenotypic distance. A comprehensive genomic survey indicated that the POCP can serve as a robust genomic index for establishing the genus boundary for prokaryotic groups. Basically, two species belonging to the same genus would share at least half of their proteins. In a specific lineage, the genus and family/order ranks showed slight or no overlap in terms of POCP values. A prokaryotic genus can be defined as a group of species with all pairwise POCP values higher than 50%. Integration of whole-genome data into the current taxonomy system can provide comprehensive information for prokaryotic genus definition and delimitation.
Background
Both linear-stapled side-to-side esophagogastric anastomosis (LSEA) and circular-stapled end-to-side esophagogastric anastomosis (CEEA) are frequently used following esophagectomy. The ...aims of the present study were to review our experience of robotic intrathoracic alimentary tract reconstruction and to compare the short-term surgical outcomes of LSEA and CEEA in robotic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy.
Methods
A prospectively collected dataset from 79 consecutive patients who underwent robot-assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy from February 2016 to December 2018 was retrospectively analyzed. Two groups (LSEA and CEEA) were classified according to the anastomotic mode. Demographic data, intraoperative characteristics and short-term surgical outcomes were compared between the two groups.
Results
Two patients were converted to laparotomy. The remaining 77 patients (68 males and 9 females, mean age of 61.7 years) were successfully treated with completely robotic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. According to the anastomotic procedure performed, 35 patients were categorized into the LSEA group and 42 patients were categorized into the CEEA group. The mean anastomotic time in the LSEA group was longer than that in the CEEA group (63.0 ± 9.0 vs. 44.2 ± 8.5 min,
p
< 0.001). No significant difference was detected in anastomotic complications, including leakage (8.6% with LSEA and 4.8% with CEEA,
p
= 0.83) and postoperative dysphagia (5.7% with LSEA and 16.7% with CEEA,
p
= 0.26). No statistical difference was observed for the other surgical outcomes. There was no incidence of in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality in both groups.
Conclusions
In robotic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy, both LSEA and CEEA were feasible and safe to be performed and surgeons can select either LSEA or CEEA based on their own technical expertise.
Sulfonyl fluorides are emerging as key structural motifs in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and materials science. Herein we report two efficient and complementary methods for direct ...decarboxylative fluorosulfonylation of carboxylic acids by the merging of copper catalysis with different
N
-centered HAT regents. A wide range of structurally diverse sulfonyl fluorides was readily accessed from primary, secondary, and tertiary carboxylic acids in a single step under mild conditions.
Herein we report two complementary methods for direct decarboxylative fluorosulfonylation of carboxylic acids by the merging of copper catalysis with different
N
-centered HAT regents.
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•Achievements on 17 representative types of IR–NLO chalcogenides based on the chemical substitution strategy are overviewed.•The interrelationship of “chemical composition-NCS ...structure-NLO property” is studied and summarized systematically.•Several useful conclusions and future considerations have been provided.
Infrared nonlinear optical (IR–NLO) materials are crucial for obtaining the solid-state lasers in the spectral range of 2–20 μm, which have a broad range of applications, such as signal communication, microscopy, and data processing. Yet, the considerable challenge is how to obtain a strictly structural non-centrosymmetric (NCS) space group, which is the paramount precondition for the IR–NLO materials. Thus, over the past decades, continuous efforts have been made to obtain the crystals with NCS space groups by adopting various synthesis approaches, discovering numerous state-of-the-art IR–NLO materials, especially inorganic chalcogenides. Among them, the chemical substitution strategy has proven to be a general and effective method based on known structural prototypes, which can maintain or recombine the crystal structures by a simple element replacement. In this review, 17 representative types (including 6 crystal systems, 27 NCS space groups and about 600 inorganic chalcogenides) ranging from zero-dimensional (0D) molecular to the three-dimensional (3D) framework, and then to mixed-dimensional (MD) structures obtained by the chemical substitution strategy are selected and discussed. The interrelationship of “chemical composition-NCS structure-NLO property” for the 17 representative types is studied and summarized systematically. In addition, the two kinds of structural transformations based on the chemical substitution strategy, including centrosymmetric (CS) to NCS and NCS to NCS, are also described. Finally, we conclude and give the future prospects of this research area.
Background
Whether T2 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma should be subclassified remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the impact of the depth of muscularis propria invasion on nodal status ...and survival outcomes.
Methods
We identified patients with pT2 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent primary surgery from January 2009 to June 2017. Clinical data were extracted from prospectively maintained databases. Tumor muscularis propria invasion was stratified into superficial or deep. Binary logistic regression was used to determine risk factors for lymph node metastases. The impact of the depth of muscularis propria invasion on survival was investigated using Kaplan‒Meier analysis and a Cox proportional hazard regression model.
Results
A total of 750 patients from three institutes were investigated. The depth of muscularis propria invasion (odds ratio OR: 3.95, 95% confidence interval CI: 2.46–6.35; p < 0.001) was correlated with lymph node metastases using logistic regression. T substage (hazard ratio HR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.05–1.79; p < 0.001) and N status (HR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.05–2.17; p < 0.001) were independent risk factors in multivariate Cox regression analysis. The deep muscle invasion was associated with worse overall survival (HR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.19–1.94; p = 0.001) than superficial, specifically in T2N0 patients (HR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.08–1.94; p = 0.035).
Conclusions
We found that deep muscle invasion was associated with significantly worse outcomes and recommended the substaging of pT2 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in routine pathological examination.
Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have received unprecedented attention owing to their capability of frequency conversion in the photoelectric fields. Yet, how to acquire a crystal with a ...noncentrosymmetric (NCS) structure is still a grand challenge for the NLO material. Herein, a new quaternary NCS oxychalcogenide, SrGeOSe2, was successfully designed and synthesized using the known centrosymmetric SrGeO3 as a maternal structure through a generic partial isovalent anion substitution (PIAS) strategy. SrGeOSe2 belongs to the NCS space group P212121 (no.19) and features a one-dimensional (1D) chain made by heteroligand GeO2Se2 asymmetric building units. Such a new compound exhibits desirable comprehensive performance, which suggests a promising IR-NLO material: type-I phase-matching feature, strong powder second-harmonic generation intensity (d ij = 1.3 × commercial AgGaS2), and giant powder laser-induced damage threshold (36 × commercial AgGaS2). Furthermore, the systematic theoretical investigations have been performed for the deep understanding of the correlation between the NCS structure and the NLO property. More importantly, this work pioneers a new molecular engineering strategy for NCS compounds that could be extended to other NLO materials.
Herein, for the first time, an active and stable bifunctional electrocatalyst has been elaborately designed to achieve the integration of CO2 reduction and anodic non-classical reaction to ...efficiently yield products of high value at both electrodes, which was constructed by surface anchoring of a novel multi-azido-group-bearing nickel phthalocyanine onto carbon nanotubes at the single-molecule level via strong interactions. Concretely, the obtained heterojunction-type electrocatalyst exhibits ultrahigh activity for completely selective CO2-to-CO conversion with a 100% faradaic efficiency in a wide potential window, large partial current density (>200 mA cm−2) and turnover frequency, and remarkable stability. Particularly, a mass of azido-derived amine groups around the nickel phthalocyanine centers increase the local concentration of CO2via chemisorption, thus boosting the formation of the key intermediate. Unprecedentedly, an exotic electrolytic system integrating CO2 reduction with oxidative nano-polymerization was further conceptually developed using this individual bifunctional electrocatalyst for both the cathode and anode. Besides the high-performance CO2 reduction at the cathode, a unique porous 3D polymer nano-framework was obtained in the anode chamber instead of low-value O2, while the cell voltage was significantly reduced by 1.05 V to achieve 10 mA cm−2.
Considering the instability and low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of blue‐emitting perovskites, it is still challenging and attractive to construct single crystalline hybrid lead halides ...with highly stable and efficient blue light emission. Herein, by rationally introducing d10 transition metal into single lead halide as new structural building unit and optical emitting center, we prepared a bimetallic halide of (NH4)2CuPbBr5 with new type of three‐dimensional (3D) anionic framework. (NH4)2CuPbBr5 exhibits strong band‐edge blue emission (441 nm) with a high PLQY of 32 % upon excitation with UV light. Detailed photophysical studies indicate (NH4)2CuPbBr5 also displays broadband red light emissions derived from self‐trapped states. Furthermore, the 3D framework features high structural and optical stabilities at extreme environments during at least three years. To our best knowledge, this work represents the first 3D non‐perovskite bimetallic halide with highly efficient and stable blue light emission.
It turns blue! The first crystalline three‐dimensional bimetallic halide of (NH4)2CuPbBr5 exhibits strong narrow blue emission with high PLQY of 32 % as well as remarkable structural and optical stabilities. This structural design strategy is entirely different from the modification methods over CsPbX3 quantum dots and paves a unique way to realize blue light emission based on single‐crystalline hybrid metal halides.
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