•Ca/P-PILP was synthesized at high Ca2+ concentration without precipitation.•Electron Probe Micro Analyzer was used to investigate element contents.•Artificial caries dentin lesion could be ...biomimetic remineralized by Ca/P-PILP.•Remineralization could improve the bond strength of artificial caries dentin lesion.
To assess the ultrastructural change of demineralized dentin collagen during calcium phosphate polymer-induced liquid precursor (Ca/P-PILP) mediated remineralization process and to evaluate the biomimetic remineralization potential of high concentration Ca/P-PILP at demineralized artificial caries dentin lesion, additionally to investigate the bond interfacial integrity as well as the bonding strength of the biomimetic remineralized artificial caries dentin lesion.
Demineralized dentin collagen of 5 μm thick was biomimetically remineralized with low, medium concentration Ca/P-PILP for 10 days and high concentration Ca/P-PILP for 10, 15, 20 days. Artificial caries dentin lesion at a thickness of 150 ± 50 μm was biomimetically remineralized with high concentration Ca/P-PILP for 20 days. The biomimetic remineralization of demineralized dentin collagen was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The biomimetic remineralization intensity and depth of artificial caries dentin lesion was assessed by Electron Probe Micro Analyzer (EPMA). The bonding interfacial integrity between remineralized artificial caries dentin and composite resin was observed by Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and the bonding strength of remineralized artificial caries dentin was evaluated by micro-tensile bond strength analysis (μTBS).
Solely PAA-PASP solution and solely saturated Ca/P solution can’t achieve dentin collagen remineralization. Increased concentration of Ca/P-PILP and prolonged remineralization time can enhance the biomimetic remineralization intensity of demineralized dentin collagen. After treating with high concentration Ca/P-PILP, a 150 ± 50 μm thick layer of demineralized artificial caries dentin lesion was not fully remineralized, and the biomimetic remineralization intensity reached up to 88.0%. Furthermore, a better bonding interfacial integrity with less microgap and increased bond strength at both baseline level and aging level were observed when artificial caries dentin lesion was biomimetically remineralized with high concentration Ca/P-PILP.
Biomimetic remineralization of demineralized caries dentin lesion promotes its clinical properties for resin composited adhesive restoration.
Inflammation and cancer are diseases caused by genetic and environmental factors as well as altered microbiota. Diet plays a role, with leguminous such as beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, Vicia faba), ...chickpeas (Cicer arietinum), lentils (Lens culinaris), peas (Pisum sativum) and soybeans (Glycine max), known to prevent such diseases. Processing of food leguminous yields aqueous side streams. These products are nothing short of water extracts of leguminous, containing albumin, globulin, saponins, and oligosaccharides. This review analysed the most recent findings on the anticancer activities of legume-soluble nutrients. Albumin from chickpeas and peas inhibits the pro-inflammatory mediator interleukins, while soy Bowman–Birk Inhibitor inhibits serine proteases. The peptide vicilin activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, mediating triglyceride metabolism. Soyasaponins promote apoptosis of cancer cells by activating caspases and by enhancing the concentration of intracellular calcium. Soyasapogenol regulates specific protein pathways, leading to apoptosis. Oligosaccharides such as raffinose and stachyose promote the synthesis of short chain fatty acids, balancing the intestinal microbiota, as result of their prebiotic activity. Verbascoside also modulate signalling pathways, leading to apoptosis. In closing, water extracts of leguminous have the potential to be efficient anticancer ingredients, by means of numerous mechanisms based on the raw material and the process.
Background/Aim
Mandibular condylar fractures in pediatric patients may exhibit distinct epidemiological characteristics attributed to their unique growth and development phase, as well as various ...anatomical, physiological, biomechanical, and behavioral factors that differentiate them from adults. This study aimed to investigate the demographics, injurious factors, classifications, clinical manifestations, and treatments of pediatric mandibular condylar fractures, as well as the concomitant injuries in maxillofacial and other body parts.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of 189 pediatric patients with mandibular condylar fractures between 2011 and 2022. Variables investigated included age, gender, timing of onset, causes, classification of condylar fracture, concomitant injuries, clinical manifestations, and treatment modalities.
Results
A total of 189 patients, a higher proportion of boys compared to girls was observed, with the highest incidence rate in children aged 1–3 years. They occurred primarily in July, June, and September as well as on Saturdays and Sundays. The most prevalent cause of mandibular condylar fractures was falls from heights in 73 patients (38.62%). Pediatric patients exhibited a higher susceptibility to condylar head fractures. A significant majority (81.48%) of these fractures were accompanied by soft tissue injuries in the maxillofacial region, with the chin being particularly vulnerable to injury. In addition, 61.90% of pediatric patients experienced fractures in other areas of the maxillofacial region, with the mandibular symphysis being the most commonly affected site. Dental trauma predominantly occurred in the anterior region (44.97%). Notably, a substantial proportion (28.04%) of cases also presented with multiple systemic injuries.
Conclusions
The characteristics of pediatric mandibular condylar fractures exhibit distinct features in terms of age, gender, timing of onset, etiology, location and type, the presence of concomitant maxillofacial soft/hard tissue injuries and multiple systemic injuries, as well as clinical manifestations and treatment modalities. Therefore, clinicians should pay special attention to the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric condylar fractures.
Developing heterogeneous catalysts involves continuous efforts in understanding and designing active sites with improved performance for various applications. In recent years, the recognition and ...appreciation of the dynamic nature of active sites has permeated the field, leading to renewed efforts in describing dynamic phenomena and exploiting them to go beyond classical barriers of catalyst performance. The challenges in this field are daunting, yet the rewards could lead to new classes of catalysts that outperform traditional systems for critical chemical transformations at the industrial scale. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of the dynamic nature of active sites can lead to fundamental knowledge of practical importance in the field. In this Perspective, we highlight this emerging area of catalysis science using recent examples to motivate the importance of understanding the dynamic nature of heterogeneous catalysts. We predict that this area of study will continue to expand, eventually allowing us to exploit dynamics to control catalytic performance in numerous applications.
•An advanced measurement method enables precision farming.•A precise, stable and novel live chickens shank length measurement method.•Fused images provide richer features.•An improved ResNet model ...applied to a regression task.
Phenotypic parameters are crucial reference indicators in poultry breeding. However, the chickens shank length is still manually measured, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Additionally, the measurement results are difficult to unify due to the subjective factors of different individuals. To address this issue, this paper proposed a method for live chicken shank length measurement (SLM). It enriches chicken shank feature by fusing visible images and infrared images. The fusion images are then input into a deep regression model based on the improved ResNet. The measurement model used ResNet as its backbone and introduces Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) blocks and a Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) block, resulting in more precise and stable shank length measurements. The average coefficient of variation, average floating error, average standard deviation and Pearson correlation coefficient for shank length measurements using the fusion images are 0.21 %, 0.49 %, 0.181 mm and 0.996, respectively, compared with using single visible or infrared image, the accuracy and stability are obviously improved. That indicated combining deep learning model and fusion information, the SLM proposed in this paper can achieve a more precise, reliable and standardized measurement of live chicken shank length.
Photocatalysis under mild conditions is an intriguing avenue for organic chemical manufacturing to confront the serious fossil energy crisis. Herein, we report a direct light-driven alkene production ...through alcohol dehydration, using nonstoichiometric tungsten oxide of W18O49 nanowires with abundant lattice defects as a photocatalyst. A representative ethylene (C2H4) production rate of 275.5 mmol gcat –1 h–1 is achieved from ethanol (C2H5OH) dehydration, together with excellent selectivity up to 99.9%. The universality of our approach is further demonstrated with other alcohol dehydration. Combining ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy with in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we underline that the inter- and intraband transitions synergistically contribute to such excellent activity. In particular, the intraband transition excites the electrons in defect bands into an energetically “hot” state, largely alleviating the charge recombination. As a result, the C–OH bond of chemisorbed C2H5OH molecules can be effectively dissociated to furnish the formation of CC bonds. Our work offers a fresh insight into sustainable alkene production with renewable energy input under mild conditions.
In materials science, a wide range of properties of materials are governed by various types of energies, including thermal, physicochemical, structural, and mechanical energies. In 2005, Dr. Frans ...Spaepen used crystalline face-centered-cubic (fcc) copper as an example to discuss a variety of phenomena that are associated with energies. Inspired by his pioneering work, we broaden our analysis to include a selection of representative pure metals with fcc, hexagonal close-packed (hcp), and body-centered cubic (bcc) structures. Additionally, we extend our comparison to energies between pure metals and equiatomic binary, ternary, and multi-principal element alloys (sometimes also known as high-entropy alloys). Through an extensive collection of data and calculations, we compile energy tables that provide a comprehensive view of how structure and alloying influence the energy profiles of these metals and alloys. We highlight the significant impact of constituent elements on the energies of alloys compared to pure metals and reveal a notable disparity in mechanical energies among materials in fcc-, hcp- and bcc-structured metals and alloys. Furthermore, we discuss the underlying mechanisms behind these patterns and discuss the implications for structural transformations, providing insights into the broader context of these energy variations.
With the rapid development of consumer electronics and other industries, the packaging of ultra-thin optical fingerprint chips is constantly developing towards smaller packages. TSV is an effective ...means to realize ultra-thin fingerprint chip packaging. In order to solve the phenomenon of the stress of TSV of the existing ultra-thin optical fingerprint chip which has led to the delamination of copper and polyamide (PA) after temperature cycling (TC) in the existing package, this paper adopts the method of finite element simulation to establish two models of slope metal-free and metal interconnection. Through the simulation results, it can be found that the metal interconnection structure can make the PA in a state of uniform stress distribution at the bottom of the groove; for the model structure without metal on the slope, the metal and the upper surface of the PA will not form stress locations, but compared with the original model, it increases about 25.7% the stress of PA at the bottom corner of the groove, so it is easy to cause the fracture of PA.
•Performances of solar-driven dry reforming of methane in foam reactor are studied.•New correlations of pressure drop and volumetric heat transfer coefficient are used.•Increasing solid-phase thermal ...conductivity enhances the reforming performance.•Maximum energy storage efficiency is observed at a foam parameter combination.•Effects of inlet velocity and feed ratio on the reforming process are discussed.
The high-temperature heat transfer and thermochemical storage performances of dry reforming of methane in a foam reactor subjected to highly concentrated solar radiation is numerically investigated. Two new correlations for the volumetric heat transfer coefficient and the pressure-drop within foam structure are proposed through several experimental tests. Temperature and species distributions inside the reactor as well as the overall methane conversion and thermochemical energy storage efficiency under various operating conditions are predicted. The results indicate that the increase in inlet velocity and CH4/CO2 ratio produces a reduction in methane conversion, while increasing the solid-phase thermal conductivity promotes the conversion. The energy storage efficiency exhibits non-monotonous change with inlet velocity, feed ratio, and foam structural parameters. Compared to other foam structural parameter combinations, maximum conversion and efficiency are observed at porosity of 0.9 and pore diameter of 1.5 mm. Besides, the solid-phase thermal conductivity and foam structural parameters exert negligible effect on the H2/CO ratio in the reforming process.
•In this study, the axial compression test of pebble aggregate recycled concrete (RAC) after high temperature exposure and fire hydrant water cooling is carried out for the first time.•The ...performance degradation law of RAC after high temperature exposure and fire hydrant spray cooling and the mechanical properties of recycled pebble aggregate concrete at room temperature are obtained.•In this study, a method for calculating the residual bearing capacity of RAC after high temperature exposure and fire hydrant spray cooling is proposed.•In this study, the constitutive equation of RAC after high temperature exposure and fire hydrant spray cooling is proposed for the first time.•The constitutive equation proposed in this paper is verified by ABAQUS finite element analysis software.
In urban fire, the structure will not only be subjected to high temperature, but also cooled by fire hydrant. This paper presents the experimental results of the residual mechanical performance and the complete compressive stress–strain relationship of recycled pebble aggregate concrete (RAC) after exposure to high temperature of 20 to 600 ℃ and cooled by fire hydrant. In the experiments, five different concrete compositions were designed by substituting natural coarse aggregates with recycled coarse aggregates at the replacement ratios of 0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 100%. Results exhibit that with the increase of exposure temperature, the surface color of the specimens changes from light to dark, the mass of RAC first increases and then decreases, and the residual mass of RAC at 200 ℃ is higher than that at room temperature. The compressive strength and the strain at the peak point decrease rapidly with the increase of temperature. The compressive strength and the strain at the peak point fluctuate with the increase of aggregate replacement percentage, and the temperature and aggregate replacement percentage have little effect on the ductility of RAC. The residual bearing capacity calculation method and constitutive equation of RAC after high temperature exposure and cooled by fire hydrant are proposed and verified. The accuracy of the constitutive equation is verified by ABAQUS finite element analysis software.
