Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a remarkable ability to regenerate owing to its resident stem cells (also called satellite cells, SCs). SCs are normally quiescent; when stimulated by damage, they ...activate and expand to form new fibers. The mechanisms underlying SC proliferative progression remain poorly understood. Here we show that DHX36, a helicase that unwinds RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) structures, is essential for muscle regeneration by regulating SC expansion. DHX36 (initially named RHAU) is barely expressed at quiescence but is highly induced during SC activation and proliferation. Inducible deletion of
Dhx36
in adult SCs causes defective proliferation and muscle regeneration after damage. System-wide mapping in proliferating SCs reveals DHX36 binding predominantly to rG4 structures at various regions of mRNAs, while integrated polysome profiling shows that DHX36 promotes mRNA translation via 5′-untranslated region (UTR) rG4 binding. Furthermore, we demonstrate that DHX36 specifically regulates the translation of
Gnai2
mRNA by unwinding its 5′ UTR rG4 structures and identify GNAI2 as a downstream effector of DHX36 for SC expansion. Altogether, our findings uncover DHX36 as an indispensable post-transcriptional regulator of SC function and muscle regeneration acting through binding and unwinding rG4 structures at 5′ UTR of target mRNAs.
Zearalenone (ZEN) is an estrogenic mycotoxin which can cause loss in animal production. The aim of this study was to screen
strains for their ZEN detoxification capability and use a fermentation ...process to validate their potential application in the feed industry. In the high-level ZEN-contaminated maize (5 mg·kg
) fermentation test, B2 strain exhibited the highest detoxification rate, removing 56% of the ZEN. However, B2 strain was not the strain with the highest ZEN detoxification in the culturing media. When B2 grew in TSB medium with ZEN, it had higher bacterial numbers, lactic acid, acetic acid, total volatile fatty acids, and ammonia nitrogen. The ZEN-contaminated maize fermented by B2 strain had better fermentation characteristics (lactic acid > 110 mmol·L
; acetic acid < 20 mmol·L
; pH < 4.5) than ZEN-free maize. Furthermore, B2 also had detoxification capabilities toward aflatoxins B1, deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B1, and T2 toxin. Our study demonstrated differences in screening outcome between bacterial culturing conditions and the maize fermentation process. This is important for the feed industry to consider when choosing a proper method to screen candidate isolates for the pretreatment of ZEN-contaminated maize. It appears that using the fermentation process to address the ZEN-contaminated maize problem in animal feed is a reliable choice.
The emergence and global spread of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pose a serious threat to public health, underscoring the urgent need for novel antibacterial interventions. Here, ...we screened 18 newly synthesized N,N’‐diarylurea derivatives to identify compounds with activity against MRSA. Our investigations led to the discovery of a small molecule, SCB‐24, which exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against MRSA USA300. Notably, SCB‐24 demonstrated high activity even in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum and showed excellent selectivity for bacterial over mammalian cells. SCB‐24 also showed potent activity against various MRSA strains, including those resistant to second‐ and third‐line antibiotics. Importantly, the efficacy of SCB‐24 was inferior to that of vancomycin in MRSA‐infected Galleria mellonella larvae. Overall, our findings suggest that SCB‐24 has great potential as a new therapeutic for multidrug‐resistant S. aureus infections.
SCB‐24, a N,N’‐diarylurea molecule, effectively combats methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains in vitro and mitigates MRSA infection in Galleria mellonella larvae in vivo.
Accuracy of long-form data in the Taiwan cancer registry Kao, Chia-Wen; Chiang, Chun-Ju; Lin, Li-Ju ...
Journal of the Formosan Medical Association,
November 2021, 2021-11-00, 20211101, 2021-11-01, Letnik:
120, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Taiwan Cancer Registry (TCR) is a nationwide population-based registry that collects the data of patients with newly diagnosed cancer from hospitals with ≥50 beds. TCR data are high quality in ...terms of completeness and timeliness. However, accuracy is also a crucial quality indicator. This study evaluated the accuracy rates of selected 55 major items in the long-form TCR data between 2014 and 2016 with 700 reported cases randomly selected from 25 long-form-reporting hospitals. We calculated the accuracy rates of the reported data by employing a reabstracted chart review. Among the 55 items, the accuracy rates of 38 (69%) were at least 95%, those of 10 (18%) were between 90% and 95%, those of 5 (9%) were between 85% and 90%, and the remaining 2 (4%) were between 80% and 85%. This demonstrates a high degree of accuracy in the TCR long-form data.
Two commonly alkaline pretreatment processes base on aqueous ammonia and lime under different enzyme hydrolysis models were evaluated to provide comparative sugar production performance from ...silvergrass, napiergrass and rice straw. The chemical composition variation of all biomass were nearly in stable after 4 weeks pretreatment under room temperature and recovery of the cellulose fraction was >90% by both pretreatment methods, the silvergrass recovered more dry matter than other biomass after pretreatment. Compared with other combination of pretreatment and enzyme model, mixed enzyme model after lime pretreatment significantly enhanced the biomass degradation especially in silvergrass and rice straw, but single enzyme supplement (cellulase or hemicellulase) result in limited sugar yield in this study. The biomass conversion result showed that considerable sugar yield from untreated napiergrass under the mixed enzyme model. However, alkaline pretreatment had no positive effect on glucose conversion from napiergrass. Increasing the mixed enzyme activity from 2.89 to 10.68 FPU g−1 improved the glucose yield from 3.4 to 4.4 times and from 2.8 to 3.3 times after ammonia and lime pretreatment, respectively. The findings of this study suggest that pretreatment methods and enzyme loading model should be considered simultaneously to enhance cellulosic biomass degradation. Furthermore, the pretreatment method should be applied according to the fiber composition of the biomass. The suitable pretreatment process and constituent of enzyme mixture for individual cellulosic biomass is a promising line of inquiry.
► The pretreatment method should be applied according to the fiber composition of the biomass. ► The mixed enzyme resulted in significant improvement of sugar yield from cellulosic biomass. ► The enzyme model and loading activity have to operate in coordination to improve the biomass degradation.
► A novel illumination correction operator enhances the contrast well. ► The success rate of optic disc localization is 95%. ► SGVF snake combines GVF snake with supervised classification. ► 91% disc ...boundaries are correctly segmented by the SGVF snake algorithm.
Robust and effective optic disc detection is a necessary processing component in automatic retinal screening systems. In this paper, optic disc localization is achieved by a novel illumination correction operation, and contour segmentation is completed by a supervised gradient vector flow snake (SGVF snake) model. Conventional GVF snake is not sufficient to segment contour due to vessel occlusion and fuzzy disc boundaries. In view of this reason, the SGVF snake is extended in each time of deformation iteration, so that the contour points can be classified and updated according to their corresponding feature information. The classification relies on the feature vector extraction and the statistical information generated from training images. This approach is evaluated by means of two publicly available databases, Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction (DRIVE) database and Structured Analysis of the Retina (STARE) database, of color retinal images. The experimental results show that the overall performance is with 95% correct optic disc localization from the two databases and 91% disc boundaries are correctly segmented by the SGVF snake algorithm.
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