Vital organ injury is one of the leading causes of global mortality and socio-economic burdens. Current treatments have limited efficacy, and new strategies are needed. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a ...highly selective α2-adrenergic receptor that protects multiple organs by reducing inflammation and preventing cell death. However, its exact mechanism is not yet fully understood. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of its protective effects is crucial as it could provide a basis for designing highly targeted and more effective drugs. Ferroptosis is the primary mode of cell death during organ injury, and recent studies have shown that DEX can protect vital organs from this process. This review provides a detailed analysis of preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies and gains a better understanding of how DEX protects against vital organ injuries by inhibiting ferroptosis. Our findings suggest that DEX can potentially protect vital organs mainly by regulating iron metabolism and the antioxidant defense system. This is the first review that summarizes all evidence of ferroptosis's role in DEX's protective effects against vital organ injuries. Our work aims to provide new insights into organ therapy with DEX and accelerate its translation from the laboratory to clinical settings.Vital organ injury is one of the leading causes of global mortality and socio-economic burdens. Current treatments have limited efficacy, and new strategies are needed. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective α2-adrenergic receptor that protects multiple organs by reducing inflammation and preventing cell death. However, its exact mechanism is not yet fully understood. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of its protective effects is crucial as it could provide a basis for designing highly targeted and more effective drugs. Ferroptosis is the primary mode of cell death during organ injury, and recent studies have shown that DEX can protect vital organs from this process. This review provides a detailed analysis of preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies and gains a better understanding of how DEX protects against vital organ injuries by inhibiting ferroptosis. Our findings suggest that DEX can potentially protect vital organs mainly by regulating iron metabolism and the antioxidant defense system. This is the first review that summarizes all evidence of ferroptosis's role in DEX's protective effects against vital organ injuries. Our work aims to provide new insights into organ therapy with DEX and accelerate its translation from the laboratory to clinical settings.
Objective To investigate the effect of overwork on the hemopoietic function of spleen in mice. Methods A total of 18 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, i.e., control group (C), ...15-day-overworked group (W1) and 30-day-overworked group (W2). The mice from Groups W1 and W2 were forced to keep standing in water for 8 h and restrained for 3 h for consecutive 15 and 30 d, respectively, while those of Group C had no special treatment. The general condition, food intake and body weight of the mice were observed and measured. After modelling, the mice were euthanatized, and the spleen and heart were isolated to calculate spleen index and observe spleen pathological changes after HE staining, and then blood routine test was performed. The mRNA expression levels of CXCL12 and SCF in the spleen and that of connexin 45 (Cx45) in the heart were detected by RT-qPCR, and the protein levels of CXCL12 and SCF in spleen were detected by ELISA. The cardiac protein level of Cx45 was quantified with immunohistochem
We investigate, for the first time, the design and implementation of a high-slew rate op-amp in SiGe BiCMOS technology capable of operation across very wide temperature ranges, and down to deep ...cryogenic temperatures. We achieve the first monolithic op-amp (for any material system) capable of operating reliably down to 4.3 K. Two variants of the SiGe BiCMOS op-amp were implemented using alternative biasing schemes, and the effects of temperature on these biasing schemes, and their impact on the overall op-amp performance, is investigated
An instrumentation channel is designed, implemented, and tested in a 0.5-μm SiGe BiCMOS process. The circuit features a reconfigurable Wheatstone bridge network that interfaces an assortment of ...external sensors to signal processing circuits. Also, analog sampling is implemented in the channel using a flying capacitor configuration. The analog samples are digitized by a low-power multichannel A/D converter. Measurement results show that the instrumentation channel supports input signals up to 200 Hz and operates across a wide temperature range of -180°C to 125°C. This work demonstrates the use of a commercially available first generation SiGe BiCMOS process in designing circuits suitable for extreme environment applications.
The catalytic properties of noble metal nanocrystals can be tuned via engineering their structures. Nanocrystals with fractal structures are fascinating catalysts regarding their large surface ...area-to-volume ratios, large numbers of edges and corners, which can be tuned simultaneously by their hierarchical ordering. However, it is still a great challenge to control the hierarchical ordering of noble metal fractal nanocrystals and their formation mechanism is not fully understood. Herein, we report a facile solvothermal method for the direct preparation of a unique single-crystal Rh-hyperbranched structure, which consists of hierarchically ultrathin nanoplates with threefold symmetry, large surface area and high density of low-coordinated edge/corner sites.Importantly, the hierarchical ordering can be readily tuned by changing the composition of solvent. In addition, we found the as-prepared single-crystal hyperbranched Rh nanoplates possessed great structure stability, and exhibited better catalytic performance towards both ethanol electrooxidation and hydrogenation of styrene than the commercial Rh black, which can be attributed to the large surface area and high-dentisty of edge/corner sites.
We present the first investigation of the optimal implementation of SiGe BiCMOS precision voltage references for extreme temperature range applications (+120 degC to -180 degC and below). We have ...developed and fabricated two unique Ge profiles optimized specifically for cryogenic operation, and for the first time compare the impact of Ge profile shape on precision voltage reference performance down to -180 degC. Our best case reference achieves a 28.1 ppm/ degC temperature coefficient over +27 degC to -180 degC, more than adequate for the intended lunar electronics applications
The Integrated Circuits and Systems Laboratory at the University of Tennessee is currently investigating robust CMOS analog and mixed-signal circuit design techniques for extreme environments. In ...this paper, we present system level and transistor level extreme environment design techniques and measurement results from several test circuits. The design techniques focus on developing high performance operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and op-amps that can operate over a wide temperature range. The test circuits include a 3.3-V ping-pong op-amp, a 3.3-V rail-to-rail I/O op-amp capable of driving resistive loads, and a temperature stable voltage reference and current reference.
Objective To determine the effect of overworking on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in rats. Methods Clean SD rats were randomly divided into control group (CON), overworking group (OW) and ...overworking and sleep deficiency group (OW+SD). The rat model of overworking was established by exhaustive swimming in the latter 2 groups, and the rats of the last group was subjected to sleep deprivation with an underwater platform. In 15 d later, the abdominal aorta of rats was collected for pathological observation by HE staining, and the thickness of media was measured with aid of Image J software. The intracellular ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The apoptotic rate of VSMC was detected by TUNEL, the mRNA expression of Caspsae-3, Bax, Bcl-2 and Ki67 in the VSMC were detected by RT-qPCR, and the content of apoptotic protein Caspase-3 was measured by immunohistochemical assay. Results ① The results of HE staining showed that VSMC were in disordered arrangment and formed vacuole-like
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2009.
Title from title page screen (viewed on Nov. 4, 2009). Thesis advisor: Benjamin J. Blalock. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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