A three-dimensional (3D) Pd–In 2 O 3 /rGO aerogel was fabricated via a one-step hydrothermal treatment and freeze-drying. The morphology and structure of the 3D Pd–In 2 O 3 /rGO aerogel were ...examined. The aerogel material had a porous network structure, which was particularly advantageous for gas adsorption. The Pd–In 2 O 3 nanoparticles were uniformly grown on the thin layer of rGO. The specific surface area of the aerogel and its rich pore structure inhibited aggregation and accumulation of the nanoparticles. Moreover, this structure facilitated the formation of a P–N heterogeneous structure, which ultimately enabled successful detection of hydrogen (H 2 ) at room temperature. The sensitivity for 10 000 ppm H 2 at room temperature was 27.66, and detection was stable and reproducible. Most notably, the response and recovery times for H 2 were as short as 11 and 13 seconds, respectively. The addition of a hydrogen-sensitive functional material to a reduced graphene oxide aerogel shows great promise for room temperature gas sensing.
A three-dimensional (3D) Pd-In
2
O
3
/rGO aerogel was fabricated
via
a one-step hydrothermal treatment and freeze-drying. The morphology and structure of the 3D Pd-In
2
O
3
/rGO aerogel were ...examined. The aerogel material had a porous network structure, which was particularly advantageous for gas adsorption. The Pd-In
2
O
3
nanoparticles were uniformly grown on the thin layer of rGO. The specific surface area of the aerogel and its rich pore structure inhibited aggregation and accumulation of the nanoparticles. Moreover, this structure facilitated the formation of a P-N heterogeneous structure, which ultimately enabled successful detection of hydrogen (H
2
) at room temperature. The sensitivity for 10 000 ppm H
2
at room temperature was 27.66, and detection was stable and reproducible. Most notably, the response and recovery times for H
2
were as short as 11 and 13 seconds, respectively. The addition of a hydrogen-sensitive functional material to a reduced graphene oxide aerogel shows great promise for room temperature gas sensing.
A three-dimensional (3D) Pd-In
2
O
3
/rGO aerogel was fabricated
via
a one-step hydrothermal treatment and freeze-drying.
3D dense captioning aims to semantically describe each object detected in a 3D scene, which plays a significant role in 3D scene understanding. Previous works lack a complete definition of 3D spatial ...relationships and the directly integrate visual and language modalities, thus ignoring the discrepancies between the two modalities. To address these issues, we propose a novel complete 3D relationship extraction modality alignment network, which consists of three steps: 3D object detection, complete 3D relationships extraction, and modality alignment caption. To comprehensively capture the 3D spatial relationship features, we define a complete set of 3D spatial relationships, including the local spatial relationship between objects and the global spatial relationship between each object and the entire scene. To this end, we propose a complete 3D relationships extraction module based on message passing and self-attention to mine multi-scale spatial relationship features and inspect the transformation to obtain features in different views. In addition, we propose the modality alignment caption module to fuse multi-scale relationship features and generate descriptions to bridge the semantic gap from the visual space to the language space with the prior information in the word embedding, and help generate improved descriptions for the 3D scene. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on the ScanRefer and Nr3D datasets.
A three-dimensional (3D) Pd–In2O3/rGO aerogel was fabricated via a one-step hydrothermal treatment and freeze-drying. The morphology and structure of the 3D Pd–In2O3/rGO aerogel were examined. The ...aerogel material had a porous network structure, which was particularly advantageous for gas adsorption. The Pd–In2O3 nanoparticles were uniformly grown on the thin layer of rGO. The specific surface area of the aerogel and its rich pore structure inhibited aggregation and accumulation of the nanoparticles. Moreover, this structure facilitated the formation of a P–N heterogeneous structure, which ultimately enabled successful detection of hydrogen (H2) at room temperature. The sensitivity for 10 000 ppm H2 at room temperature was 27.66, and detection was stable and reproducible. Most notably, the response and recovery times for H2 were as short as 11 and 13 seconds, respectively. The addition of a hydrogen-sensitive functional material to a reduced graphene oxide aerogel shows great promise for room temperature gas sensing.
Introduction
Linaclotide, a selective agonist of guanylate cyclase C, was highly recommended for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). However, the cost-effectiveness ...of linaclotide in Chinese is not known, and this study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of linaclotide for patients with IBS-C.
Methods
An economic evaluation was conducted with a Markov model from a societal perspective. The Markov model was structured to simulate the discontinuation and continuation of medication in IBS-C patients in clinical practice, as well as the revisit and non-visit of non-responding patients. The cycle of the model was 4 weeks, and the time horizon was 1 year. The efficacy data in the model was from the risk ratios obtained by the meta-analysis and the calculation of the response rate of the three medications. The utility, discontinuation rate of the medication, and revisit rate data were from published literature, while the cost data were obtained from experts’ opinions and published literature. A series of sensitivity analyses was performed on parameters potentially having impact on the model outputs.
Results
The QALYs (quality-adjusted life years) gained for 1-year treatment with linaclotide, polyethylene glycol, and lactulose were 0.821, 0.795, and 0.781, respectively. The corresponding total costs were CNY 7,721 (USD 1,120), CNY 8,797 (USD 1,276) and CNY 9,481 (USD 1,375). In both comparisons, linaclotide was dominant. Compared with polyethylene glycol and lactulose, the likelihood of linaclotide being cost-effective was 100% for both, using 1 times per capita GDP per QALY as willingness-to-pay threshold.
Conclusions
IBS-C seriously affects the quality of life of patients with IBS-C, and linaclotide can improve symptoms and quality of life at less cost.
Plants producing antisense or double-stranded RNA molecules that target specific genes of eukaryotic pests or pathogens can become protected from their attack. This beneficial effect was also ...reported for plant–fungus interactions and is believed to reflect uptake of the RNAs by the fungus via an as yet unknown mechanism, followed by target gene silencing. Here we report that wheat plants pre-infected with Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) strains containing antisense sequences against target genes of the Fusarium head blight (FHB) fungus F. culmorum caused a reduction of corresponding transcript levels in the pathogen and reduced disease symptoms. Stable transgenic wheat plants carrying an RNAi hairpin construct against the β-1, 3-glucan synthase gene FcGls1 of F. culmorum or a triple combination of FcGls1 with two additional, pre-tested target genes also showed enhanced FHB resistance in leaf and spike inoculation assays under greenhouse and near-field conditions, respectively. Microscopic evaluation of F. culmorum development in plants transiently or stably expressing FcGls1 silencing constructs revealed aberrant, swollen fungal hyphae, indicating severe hyphal cell wall defects. The results lead us to propose host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) as a plant protection approach that may also be applicable to highly FHB-susceptible wheat genotypes.
The safety and sustainability of the nuclear industry have become the focus of attention; therefore, it is important to develop adsorbents with high selectivity and high adsorption capacity to remove ...thorium Th(
iv
) from nuclear waste liquid. In this paper, a new polyamide (PA) composite membrane with zeolitic imidazole skeleton-67 (ZIF-67) nanoparticles was prepared using a deep permeation method. The nanoparticles were synthesized
in situ
within the PA membrane pores and uniformly distributed within each membrane pore. Characterization analysis and adsorption performance tests were performed to further investigate the performance of the composite membranes for the removal of Th(
iv
) from the nuclear waste liquid. The prepared ZIF-67@PA novel microporous membrane adsorbent material has a higher adsorption capacity (703.59 mg g
−1
) and a shorter adsorption equilibrium time (50 min) compared to ZIF-67 material adsorbents for Th(
iv
) removal. This work is expected to provide an effective strategy for the efficient removal of radioactive thorium ions from wastewater.
The safety and sustainability of the nuclear industry have become the focus of attention; therefore, it is important to develop adsorbents with high selectivity and high adsorption capacity to remove thorium Th(
iv
) from nuclear waste liquid.
Fracture in concrete at high temperatures involves complex thermo‐mechanical couplings and arbitrary crack evolution, imposing great challenges to its computational modeling. This work addresses a ...length scale insensitive phase‐field cohesive model for fully coupled thermo‐mechanical fracture in concrete at high temperatures. Both the thermal expansion and transient creep strain are accounted for in the kinematics. Based on the underlying phase‐field cohesive model for fracture in solids at ambient temperature, the temperature‐dependent mechanical properties of concrete, that is, Young's modulus, tensile and compressive strengths and fracture energy, and so forth, are all incorporated. In addition to the cracking‐induced mechanical damage mechanism represented by the crack phase‐field, the thermal deterioration mechanism is also considered by a temperature‐dependent thermal damage variable. The numerical implementation of the proposed model into the multi‐field finite element method is then briefly addressed. Several representative numerical examples, for example, thermally induced cracking in energy storage structures, thermal shock in quenched concrete plates, mode‐I and mixed‐mode failure of notched beams at high temperatures, and so forth, are presented for the validation. The effects of various expressions for the transient creep strain (TCS) on the global behavior of concrete structures are also studied. As in those purely mechanical problems, both the predicted crack pattern and global responses for all examples are insensitive to the incorporated phase‐field length scale. Being able to capture the fully coupled thermo‐mechanical fracture in concrete, the proposed phase‐field cohesive model, combined with a reliable hydro‐chemo‐thermal analysis, is promising in assessing the integrity and safety of concrete structures at high temperatures like fire scenarios.
Industry-university collaborations have been acknowledged as a crucial mechanism for innovation in knowledge-based economies. However, ties between the industry and university sectors is relatively ...weak globally and especially in Australia. Governments wish to encourage links between industry and universities, and measures to encourage these links are central to innovation agendas at state and national levels in Australia and worldwide.Conferences are highly valued by many academics and practitioners as an informal knowledge transfer channel between industry and universities. Research indicates that the informal communication established at conferences may provide opportunities for the establishment of more formal collaborations between academics and practitioners. However, limited academic attention has been paid to understanding how conferences influence the establishment and maintenance of collaborative relationships between academics and practitioners.Researchers have begun exploring the value of conferences for thriving knowledgebased economies, such as their potential to generate new knowledge and facilitate collaboration. However, extant academic literature mainly focuses on firm-to-firm interactions in the context of conferences and offers very little detail when it comes to academic-practitioner interactions. It is difficult to facilitate such interactions at conferences without knowing the current state and characteristics of existing interactions.Based on the Interaction Approach and Relationship Learning theory, this study has explored the current state of interactions between academics and practitioners at conferences and factors that influence their interactions at conferences. A qualitative methodology was adopted, and data were collected using semi-structured interviews with academics, practitioners, partnership managers, and government agency staff who have attended conferences that offer industry-academia engagements.The findings of this study show that conferences do play an important role in facilitating industry-university collaborations, especially for the initiation stage of a collaboration. However, the level of engagement between practitioners and academics at conferences was found to be limited. Academics were motivated to learn from practitioners when attending conferences, but practitioners did not show a similar interest in learning from academics. Furthermore, this study identified several factors that influence academic-practitioner interactions at conferences.The study contributes to a theoretical extension of interaction theory and relationship learning theory, and it enriches current understanding of knowledge transfer between industry and university at conferences. Practically, this research has policy implications for improving Australia’s national innovation system, as well as practical implications for industry, universities, and conference organizers who wish to leverage the valuable legacies associated with industry-university collaboration.
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