The safety issue of lithium‐ion batteries is a crucial factor limiting their large‐scale application. Therefore, it is of practical significance to evaluate the impact of their overcharge behavior ...because of the severe levels of oxygen release of cathode materials during this process. Herein, by combining a variety of in situ techniques of spectroscopy and electron microscopy, this work studies the structural degradation of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) accompanying the oxygen release in the overcharge process. It is observed that a small amount of O2 evolves from the initial surface at ≈4.7 V. When charging to a higher voltage (≈5.5 V), a large amount of O2 evolves on the newly formed surface due to the occurrence of microcracks. Based on experimental results and theoretical calculations, it is determined that the oxygen release mainly occurs in the near‐surface regions, where the remaining oxygen vacancies accumulate to create voids. To suppress the oxygen release, single‐crystalline NCM811 with integrated structure is introduced and serves as a cathode, which can effectively inhibit morphology destruction and reduce the activation of lattice oxygen in the surface region. These findings provide a theoretical basis and effective strategy for improving the safety performance of Ni‐rich cathode materials in practical applications.
Safety issues hinder the commercialization of Ni‐rich cathode materials. Oxygen release occurs from different regions during the overcharge process as shown by several in situ spectroscopy techniques and electron microscopy. O2 appears first in the near‐surface region of secondary particles, then on the fresh surface between primary particles due to the occurrence of microcracks. Single‐crystalline NCM811 with integrated structure could reduce this phenomenon.
This study explores the synergistic impact of Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and Protein Kinase B (Akt) overexpression in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for ameliorating cardiac ...dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI). Post-MI adult Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: sham, MI, ADMSC treatment, and ADMSCs overexpressed with PD-L1 and Akt (AdMSC-PDL1-Akt) treatment. MI was induced via left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, followed by intramyocardial AdMSC injections. Over four weeks, cardiac functionality and structural integrity were assessed using pressure-volume analysis, infarct size measurement, and immunohistochemistry. AdMSC-PDL1-Akt exhibited enhanced resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro and ameliorated MI-induced contractile dysfunction in vivo by improving the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship and preload-recruitable stroke work, together with attenuating infarct size. Molecular analyses revealed substantial mitigation in caspase3 and nuclear factor-κB upregulation in MI hearts within the AdMSC-PDL1-Akt group. Mechanistically, AdMSC-PDL1-Akt fostered the differentiation of normal T cells into CD25
regulatory T cells in vitro, aligning with in vivo upregulation of CD25 in AdMSC-PDL1-Akt-treated rats. Collectively, PD-L1 and Akt overexpression in AdMSCs bolsters resistance to ROS-mediated apoptosis in vitro and enhances myocardial protective efficacy against MI-induced dysfunction, potentially via T-cell modulation, underscoring a promising therapeutic strategy for myocardial ischemic injuries.
The Drude‐Smith equation is widely used for treating the frequency‐dependent electrical conductivity of materials in the terahertz region. An attractive feature is its sparsity of adjustable ...parameters. A significant improvement over Drude theory for these materials, the theory includes backscattering of the charge carriers. It has nevertheless been criticized, including by Smith himself, because of the arbitrariness of a step in the derivation. We recall a somewhat similar behavior of back scattering in fluids observed in molecular dynamics computations and discussed in terms of memory functions. We show how theories such as Drude‐Smith and Cocker et al. are examples of a broader class of theories by showing how they also arise as particular cases of a memory function formalism that divides the interactions into short and long range.
Insight into the Drude‐Smith equation commonly used to treat terahertz electrical conductivity of solids and the role of backscattering is obtained using extensive computer‐based studies of a related quantity, the velocity autocorrelation function of fluids. The latter has been interpreted using a memory function formalism which is then used here to analyze and extend the Drude‐Smith equation.
Deeply involved with dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease has becoming the leading cause of mortality since the early twentieth century in the modern world. Whose correlation with metabolic syndrome ...(MetS), hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been well established. We conducted a 9-year longitudinal study to identify the association between easily measured lipid parameters, future MetS, hypertension and T2DM by gender and age distribution. Divided into three groups by age (young age: < 40, middle age: ≥ 40 and < 65 and old age: ≥ 65), 7670 participants, receiving standard medical inspection at Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGH) in Taiwan, had been enrolled in this study. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was a logarithmically transformed ratio of triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Through multivariate regression analyses, the hazard ratio (HR) of AIP for MetS, hypertension and T2DM were illustrated. AIP revealed significant association with all the aforementioned diseases through the entire three models for both genders. Additionally, AIP revealed significant correlation which remained still after fully adjustment in MetS, hypertension, and T2DM groups for subjects aged 40-64-year-old. Nevertheless, for participants aged above 65-year-old, AIP only demonstrated significant association in MetS group. Our results explore the promising value of AIP to determine the high-risk subjects, especially meddle-aged ones, having MetS, hypertension, and T2DM in the present and the future.
Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (ABPM) is vital for screening cardiovascular activity. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline for the prevention, detection, ...evaluation, and management of BP in adults recommends measuring BP outside the office setting using daytime ABPM. The recommendation to use night-day BP measurements to confirm hypertension is consistent with the recommendation of several other guidelines. In recent studies, ABPM was used to measure BP at regular intervals, and it reduces the effect of the environment on BP. Out-of-office measurements are highly recommended by almost all hypertension organizations. However, traditional ABPM devices based on the oscillometric technique usually interrupt sleep. For all-day ABPM purposes, a photoplethysmography (PPG)-based wrist-type device has been developed as a convenient tool. This optical, noninvasive device estimates BP using morphological characteristics from PPG waveforms. As measurement can be affected by multiple variables, calibration is necessary to ensure that the calculated BP values are accurate. However, few studies focused on adaptive calibration. A novel adaptive calibration model, which is data-driven and embedded in a wearable device, was proposed. The features from a 15 s PPG waveform and personal information were input for estimation of BP values and our data-driven calibration model. The model had a feedback calibration process using the exponential Gaussian process regression method to calibrate BP values and avoid inter- and intra-subject variability, ensuring accuracy in long-term ABPM. The estimation error of BP (ΔBP = actual BP-estimated BP) of systolic BP was -0.1776 ± 4.7361 mmHg; ≤15 mmHg, 99.225%, and of diastolic BP was -0.3846 ± 6.3688 mmHg; ≤15 mmHg, 98.191%. The success rate was improved, and the results corresponded to the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation standard and British Hypertension Society Grading criteria for medical regulation. Using machine learning with a feedback calibration model could be used to assess ABPM for clinical purposes.
A turbulent flow can be characterized by Taylor correlation functions which are obtained empirically, understood by statistical mechanics and regarded as universal. Here, we show that Taylor ...correlations are analytically derived by hypothesizing turbulence as a phenomenon of superfluids at resonance. Leveraging from a recent study on heat transfer at the speed of sound, we derived and fitted the longitudinal and lateral turbulent velocities in an isotropic, turbulent flow. The concept of the boundary of the second law helps to specify the integration constants in the solution. From the velocity profiles, Taylor's correlation functions are analytically determined. From the linearity of the eigenfunction, we introduce amplitude and frequency factors. These factors are curve-fitted with two experimental dataset. Additional experimental datasets in the public domain are compared to the correlations, which shows that the theory agrees with experiments very well in isotropic flows. The analytical correlation functions help to elucidate observations that experiments and statistical mechanics have challenges to explain.
Photosynaptic transistor is considered to be a potential candidate for breaking the von Neumann bottleneck in photo‐communication field. Herein, a series of donor−acceptor type and crosslinked ...core−shell nanoparticles are designed and applied in phototransistors as a charge‐trapping electret. The outer shell is composed of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA); while the inner core comprises donors of thiophene and bithiophene (2T) and acceptors of benzothiazole (BT), naphthalenediimide (NDI), and hexafluorobenzene‐naphthalenediimide (FB‐NDI). It is found that the core−shell and donor−acceptor design play an important role in the charge trapping, photoresponse, and the corresponding device performance. Accordingly, the phototransistor comprising the crosslinked core−shell nanoparticles with a donor of 2T and an acceptor of BT (PV2T‐BT) produced the highest memory ratio of 105 over 104 s at a high operating voltage of −40 V. Meanwhile, the same device presented the highest paired‐pulse facilitation ratio of 168% at a medium operating voltage of −1 V, and an ultra‐low energy consumption of 0.0324 fJ at a low operating voltage of −1 µV. The findings in this study provide a new perspective on material design for phototransistor devices.
A series of donor−acceptor type and crosslinked poly(vinylthiophene)‐based core−shell nanoparticles are synthesized and applied in photosynaptic transistors as a charge‐trapping electret. Three kinds of acceptors are incorporated in the nanoparticles including benzothiazole, naphthalenediimide, and hexafluorobenzene−naphthalenediimide. Accordingly, the nanoparticles comprising bithiophene as a donor and benzothiazole as an acceptor present the best device performance with a high paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF) ratio of 168% at a low operating voltage of −1 V, and an ultra‐low energy consumption of 0.0324 fJ at an operating voltage of −1 µV.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class of noncoding RNAs, have recently drawn lots of attention in the pathogenesis of human cancers. However, the role of circRNAs in cancer cells ...epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify novel circRNAs that regulate urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) cells' EMT and explored their regulatory mechanisms and clinical significance in UCBs.
We first screened circRNA expression profiles using a circRNA microarray in paired UCB and normal tissues, and then studied the clinical significance of an upregulated circRNA, circPRMT5, in a large cohort of patients with UCB. We further investigated the functions and underlying mechanisms of circPRMT5 in UCB cells' EMT. Moreover, we evaluated the regulation effect of circPRMT5 on miR-30c, and its target genes,
and
, in two independent cohorts from our institute and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).
We demonstrated that upregulated expression of circPRMT5 was positively associated with advanced clinical stage and worse survival in patients with UCB. We further revealed that circPRMT5 promoted UCB cell's EMT via sponging miR-30c. Clinical analysis from two independent UCB cohorts showed that the circPRMT5/miR-30c/SNAIL1/E-cadherin pathway was essential in supporting UCB progression. Importantly, we identified that circPRMT5 was upregulated in serum and urine exosomes from patients with UCB, and significantly correlated with tumor metastasis.
CircPRMT5 exerts critical roles in promoting UCB cells' EMT and/or aggressiveness and is a prognostic biomarker of the disease, suggesting that circPRMT5 may serve as an exploitable therapeutic target for patients with UCB.
A new strategy for enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral naphthyl‐indoles has been established through catalytic asymmetric addition reactions of racemic naphthyl‐indoles with bulky ...electrophiles. Under chiral phosphoric acid catalysis, azodicarboxylates and o‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols served as bulky but reactive electrophiles that were attacked by C2‐unsubstituted naphthyl‐indoles, which underwent a dynamic kinetic resolution to afford two series of axially chiral naphthyl‐indoles in good yields (up to 98 %) and high enantioselectivities (up to 98:2 er).
A new strategy for enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral naphthyl‐indoles was established by catalytic asymmetric addition reactions of racemic naphthyl‐indoles with bulky electrophiles. Under chiral Brønsted acid (B*−H) catalysis, azodicarboxylates and o‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols served as bulky but reactive electrophiles that were attacked by C2‐unsubstituted naphthyl‐indoles, affording axially chiral naphthyl‐indoles in good yields and enantioselectivities.
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