Two efficient blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence compounds, B‐oCz and B‐oTC, composed of ortho‐donor (D)–acceptor (A) arrangement were designed and synthesized. The significant ...intramolecular D–A interactions induce a combined charge transfer pathway and thus achieve small ΔEST and high efficiencies. The concentration quenching can be effectively inhibited in films of these compounds. The blue non‐doped organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on B‐oTC prepared from solution processes shows record‐high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 19.1 %.
Blue note: Highly efficient blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials have been developed by using a new design strategy. Solution‐processed, non‐doped blue organic light‐emitting diodes based on these emitters realized record‐high external quantum efficiency of 19.1 %.
Effectively controlling bacterial infection, reducing the inflammation and promoting vascular regeneration are all essential strategies for wound repair. Nanozyme technology has potential ...applications in the treatment of infections because its non‐antibiotic dependent, topical and noninvasive nature. In wound management, copper‐based nanozymes have emerged as viable alternatives to antibiotics. In this study, an ultrasmall cupric enzyme with high enzymatic activity is synthesized and added to a nontoxic, self‐healing, injectable cationic guar gum (CG) hydrogel network. The nanozyme exhibits remarkable antioxidant properties under neutral conditions, effectively scavenging reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS). Under acidic conditions, Cu NDs have peroxide (POD) enzyme‐like activity, which allows them to eliminate hydrogen peroxides and produce free radicals locally. Antibacterial experiments show that they can kill bacteria and remove biofilms. It reveals that low concentrations of Cu ND/CG decrease the expression of the inflammatory factors in cells and tissues, effectively controlling inflammatory responses. Cu ND/CG hydrogels also inhibit HIF‐1α and promote VEGF expression in the wound with the ability to promote vascular regeneration. In vivo safety assessments reveal a favorable biosafety profile. Cu ND/CG hydrogels offer a promising solution for treating acute and infected wounds, highlighting the potential of innovative nanomaterials in wound healing.
In this study, a Cu NDs/CG wound dressing is successfully synthesized to promote healing of acute and infected wounds. In vitro experiments show that the Cu NDs have excellent antibacterial ability with POD enzyme activity, and the combination with CG enhanced biocompatibility. Cu NDs/CG inhibits the release of pro‐inflammatory factors from macrophages, contributing to the reduction of the inflammatory response.
Free radicals are secreted following skin damage and cause oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions that increase the difficulty of wound healing. In this study, copper‐based nanozyme Cu2Se ...nanosheets (NSs) are synthesized by an anion‐exchange strategy and apply to wounds with F127 hydrogels to investigate the healing effect of this nanozyme composite hydrogels on wounds. Cu2Se NSs have a large number of catalytically active centers, are simple to synthesize, require few reaction conditions and have a short synthesis cycle. In vitro experiments have shown that Cu2Se NSs possess superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐like activity and nitrogen radical scavenging activity and promote angiogenesis and fibroblast migration. The doping of Cu2Se NSs into the F127 hydrogel does not have a significantly affect on the properties of the hydrogel. This hybridized hydrogel not only adapts to the irregular and complex morphology of acute wounds but also prolongs the duration of nanozyme action on the wound, thus promoting wound healing. Transcriptomic analysis further reveals the potential therapeutic mechanism of the Cu2Se/F127 hydrogel in promoting acute wound healing. Animal experiments have shown that the Cu2Se/F127 hydrogel has good biosafety. The Cu2Se/F127 hydrogel provides an innovative idea for the development of hydrogel dressings for the treatment of acute wounds.
Schematic diagram of the Cu2Se/F127 composite hydrogel preparation process and the promotional effect of the Cu2Se/F127 hydrogel dressing on wound healing and the immunomodulatory effect.
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials that exhibit simultaneously high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), rapid reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), and a high horizontal ...transition dipole ratio are highly desirable for realizing high‐performance organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, achieving this goal remains a formidable challenge due to the stringent molecular design principles involved. Herein, three highly efficient TADF materials based on lactam‐type electron‐acceptors are reported. The inherent rigidity and planar structure of lactam units, along with the ordered molecular arrangement in solid states, contribute to the reduction of nonradiative decay and the high horizontal transition dipole ratio in the optimized TADF emitters. Moreover, through precise control of the alignment of the lowest excited states by adjusting the charge transfer strength, the rate constants for reverse intersystem crossing (kRISC) are dramatically boosted. Consequently, the two optimized emitters exhibit outstanding merits of ultra‐high PLQYs (98% and 99%), high horizontal transition dipole ratios (91% and 87%), and fast RISC (kRISC ≈ 1.7 × 106 s−1). Thanks to these merits, the doped OLEDs achieve excellent performance. The top‐performing device achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency of 34.3%, a peak luminance of 57376 cd m−2, and small efficiency roll‐off.
Novel lactam electron‐acceptors are utilized to construct high‐performance TADF molecules. The rigid molecular skeletons, ordered molecular arrangements, and precise control of excited states contribute to achieving ultra‐high PLQYs (98%−99%), high horizontal dipole ratios (87%−91%), and rapid RISC (kRISC ≈ 1.7 × 106 s−1) simultaneously. The optimized OLEDs attain high EQEs of up to 34.3%, accompanied by ultra‐high luminances and small efficiency roll‐offs.
Room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) was realized for the first time in a polyoxometalate‐based charge‐transfer (CT) hybrid material bearing polyoxometalates (POMs) as electron‐donors (D) and rigid ...naphthalene diimides (NDIs) as electron‐acceptors (A), meanwhile, this hybrid material displayed photochromism as well. The significant D‐A anion–π interaction induced an additional through‐space charge‐transfer pathway. The resulting suitable D‐A CT states can efficiently bridge the relatively large energy gap between the NDI‐localized 1π–π* and 3π–π* states and thus trigger the ligand‐localized phosphorescence (3π–π*).
A unique polyoxometalate‐based charge‐transfer complex displays both photochromism and room‐temperature phosphorescence in ambient conditions, which are mainly attributable to the charge transfer behaviors induced by unorthodox anion–π interactions. The strategy of introducing intermolecular charge‐transfer states may open up new opportunities for developing efficient organic–inorganic hybrid photofunctional materials.
Peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (PO-CL) is one of the most popular cold light sources, yet the drawback of aggregation-caused quenching limits their use. Here, we report a new kind of efficient ...bifunctional emitter derived from salicylic acid, which not only exhibits typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) character but also has the ability to catalyze the CL process under basic conditions based on base sensitivity. By taking advantage of these unique features, we successfully confine the CL process on the surface of solid bases and provide a high-contrast visualization of CL emission. This method allows most of the common basic salts like sodium carbonate to be invisible encryption information ink and PO-CL solution to be a decryption tool to visualize the hidden information. The current study opens up an appealing way for the development of multifunction CL emitters for information encryption and decryption applications.
There is a growing body of evidence indicating a close association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and disrupted intestinal homeostasis. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) ...and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), along with an increase in M1 proinflammatory macrophage infiltration during the activation of intestinal inflammation, plays a pivotal role in disrupting intestinal homeostasis in IBD. The overabundance of ROS/RNS can cause intestinal tissue damage and the disruption of crucial gut proteins, which ultimately compromises the integrity of the intestinal barrier. The proliferation of M1 macrophages contributes to an exaggerated immune response, further compromising the intestinal immune barrier. Currently, intestinal nanomaterials have gained widespread attention in the context of IBD due to their notable characteristics, including the ability to specifically target regions of interest, clear excess ROS/RNS, and mimic biological enzymes. In this review, we initially elucidated the gut microenvironment in IBD. Subsequently, we delineate therapeutic strategies involving two distinct types of nanomedicine, namely inorganic nanoparticles and natural product nanomaterials. Finally, we present a comprehensive overview of the promising prospects associated with the application of nanomedicine in future clinical settings for the treatment of IBD (graphic abstract). Different classes of nanomedicine are used to treat IBD. This review primarily elucidates the current etiology of inflammatory bowel disease and explores two prominent nanomaterial-based therapeutic approaches. First, it aims to eliminate excessive reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. Second, they focus on modulating the polarization of inflammatory macrophages and reducing the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages. Additionally, this article delves into the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease using inorganic metal nanomaterials and natural product nanomaterials.
Luminescent Cu(
i
) iodide complexes featuring simple neutral diimine and phosphine ligands were prepared. The emission intensity of these complexes was significantly enhanced by crystallization. ...Intermolecular π-π interactions between the adjacent diimine ligands should be responsible for the crystallization-induced emission enhancement (CIEE) behaviors through consolidating the structural rigidity of these complexes.
Luminescent Cu(
i
) iodide complexes featuring neutral diimine and phosphine ligands were prepared, in which structural rigidity might contribute to CIEE.
Sulfur oxidation is an essential component of the earth's sulfur cycle.
spp. can oxidize various reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (RISCs) with high efficiency to obtain electrons for their ...autotrophic growth. Strains in this genus have been widely applied in bioleaching and biological desulfurization. Diverse sulfur-metabolic pathways and corresponding regulatory systems have been discovered in these acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. The sulfur-metabolic enzymes in
spp. can be categorized as elemental sulfur oxidation enzymes (sulfur dioxygenase, sulfur oxygenase reductase, and Hdr-like complex), enzymes in thiosulfate oxidation pathways (tetrathionate intermediate thiosulfate oxidation (S
I) pathway, the sulfur oxidizing enzyme (Sox) system and thiosulfate dehydrogenase), sulfide oxidation enzymes (sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase) and sulfite oxidation pathways/enzymes. The two-component systems (TCSs) are the typical regulation elements for periplasmic thiosulfate metabolism in these autotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Examples are RsrS/RsrR responsible for S
I pathway regulation and TspS/TspR for Sox system regulation. The proposal of sulfur metabolic and regulatory models provide new insights and overall understanding of the sulfur-metabolic processes in
spp. The future research directions and existing barriers in the bacterial sulfur metabolism are also emphasized here and the breakthroughs in these areas will accelerate the research on the sulfur oxidation in
spp. and other sulfur oxidizers.
Simultaneously achieving a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), ultrashort exciton lifetime, and suppressed concentration quenching in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) ...materials is desirable yet challenging. Here, a novel acceptor–donor–acceptor type TADF emitter, namely, 2BO‐sQA, wherein two oxygen‐bridged triarylboron (BO) acceptors are arranged with cofacial alignment and positioned nearly orthogonal to the rigid dispirofluorene‐quinolinoacridine (sQA) donor is reported. This molecular design enables the compound to achieve highly efficient (PLQYs up to 99%) and short‐lived (nanosecond‐scale) blue TADF with effectively suppressed concentration quenching in films. Consequently, the doped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) base on 2BO‐sQA achieve exceptional electroluminescence performance across a broad range of doping concentrations, maintaining maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) at over 30% for doping concentrations ranging from 10 to 70 wt%. Remarkably, the nondoped blue OLED achieves a record‐high maximum EQE of 26.6% with a small efficiency roll‐off of 14.0% at 1000 candelas per square meter. By using 2BO‐sQA as the sensitizer for the multiresonance TADF emitter ν‐DABNA, TADF‐sensitized fluorescence OLEDs achieve high‐efficiency deep‐blue emission. These results demonstrate the feasibility of this molecular design in developing TADF emitters with high efficiency, ultrashort exciton lifetime, and minimal concentration quenching.
A novel acceptor–donor–acceptor type molecular skeleton is designed to realize blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence with ultrahigh emission efficiencies (up to 99%), nanosecond exciton lifetimes, and effectively suppressed concentration quenching in films. The doped and nondoped organic light‐emitting diodes attain high external quantum efficiencies up to 32.0% and 26.6%, respectively.
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