Aims: This study aimed to (i) evaluate the association between Internet addiction and harmful alcohol use, and (ii) evaluate the associated personality characteristics of Internet addiction as well ...as harmful alcohol use.
Methods: A total of 2453 college students were invited to complete the Chen Internet Addiction Scale, Behavior Inhibition System and Behavior Approach System Scale(BIS/BAS scale), and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test from May 2005 to May 2006.
Results: The results demonstrated Internet addiction was associated with harmful alcohol use among college students. College students with Internet addiction had higher scores on the BIS and BAS fun‐seeking subscales. However, college students with harmful alcohol use had higher scores on the BAS drive and fun‐seeking subscales, and lower scores on the BIS subscale.
Conclusions: Internet addiction is associated with harmful alcohol use. Furthermore, fun seeking was the shared characteristic of these two problem behaviors and might contribute to the association. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate the underlying mechanisms accounting for the association between Internet addiction and harmful alcohol use.
A palladium‐catalyzed (Pd(PPh3)4/Ag2O/PivOH) C2‐regioselective direct dehydrogenative alkynylation of unsubstituted selenophene was achieved. The selenophenes substituted with R1 groups at 2‐position ...can be C5‐alkynylated with a variety of 4‐substituted phenylacetylenes (R2 groups). The R1 and R2 can be either electron‐withdrawing or electron‐donating groups, demonstrating a wide range of substrate scope with various functional group tolerance. The mono/C2‐alkynylated selenophenes can subsequently undergo the second direct alkynylation at C5‐position to afford symmetrical or unsymmetrical donor‐π‐acceptor 2,5‐dialkynylated selenophenes.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate brain correlates of cue‐induced craving to play online games in subjects with Internet gaming addiction (IGA), subjects in remission from IGA and controls. The ...craving response was assessed by event‐related design of functional magnetic resonance images (fMRIs). Fifteen subjects with IGA, 15 in remission from IGA and 15 controls were recruited in this study. The subjects were arranged to view the gaming screenshots and neutral images under investigation of fMRIs. The results showed that bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), precuneus, left parahippocampus, posterior cingulate and right anterior cingulate were activated in response to gaming cues in the IGA group and their activation was stronger in the IGA group than those in the control group. Their region‐of‐interest was also positively correlated with subjective gaming urge under cue exposure. These activated brain areas represent the brain circuit corresponding to the mechanism of substance use disorder. Thus, it would suggest that the mechanism of IGA is similar to substance use disorder. Furthermore, the IGA group had stronger activation over right DLPFC and left parahippocampus than did the remission group. The two areas would be candidate markers for current addiction to online gaming and should be investigated in future studies.
Trichomonas vaginalis is a prevalent causative agent that causes trichomoniasis leading to uropathogenic inflammation in the host. The crucial role of the actin cytoskeleton in T. vaginalis ...cytoadherence has been established but the associated signaling has not been fully elucidated. The present study revealed that the T. vaginalis second messenger PIP2 is located in the recurrent flagellum of the less adherent isolate and is more abundant around the cell membrane of the adherent isolates. The T. vaginalis phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (TvPI4P5K) with conserved activity phosphorylating PI(4)P to PI(4, 5)P2 was highly expressed in the adherent isolate and partially colocalized with PIP2 on the plasma membrane but with discrete punctate signals in the cytoplasm. Plasma membrane PIP2 degradation by phospholipase C (PLC)-dependent pathway concomitant with increasing intracellular calcium during flagellate-amoeboid morphogenesis. This could be inhibited by Edelfosine or BAPTA simultaneously repressing parasite actin assembly, morphogenesis, and cytoadherence with inhibitory effects similar to the iron-depleted parasite, supporting the significance of PIP2 and iron in T. vaginalis colonization. Intriguingly, iron is required for the optimal expression and cell membrane trafficking of TvPI4P5K for in situ PIP2 production, which was diminished in the iron-depleted parasites. TvPI4P5K-mediated PIP2 signaling may coordinate with iron to modulate T. vaginalis contact-dependent cytolysis to influence host cell viability. These observations provide novel insights into T. vaginalis cytopathogenesis during the host-parasite interaction.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Our previous research identified interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) as a key regulator of glucose/lipid metabolism, circulatory leptin levels, and insulin action, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target ...for obesity and related complications. This study aimed to further elucidate the role of IL‐4 in regulating hypothalamic appetite‐controlling neuropeptides using leptin dysfunctional Leptin145E/145E mice as the experimental model. IL‐4 significantly reduces body weight, food intake, and serum glucose levels. Our data demonstrated that IL‐4 exhibits multiple functions in regulating hypothalamic appetite control, including downregulating orexigenic agouti‐related peptide and neuropeptide Y levels, promoting expression of anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin, alleviating microenvironmental hypothalamic inflammation, enhancing leptin and insulin pathway, and attenuating insulin resistance. Furthermore, IL‐4 promotes uncoupling protein 1 expression of white adipose tissue (WAT), suggesting its role in triggering WAT‐beige switch. In summary, this study uncovers novel function of IL‐4 in mediating food‐intake behaviors and metabolic efficiency by regulating hypothalamic appetite‐control and WAT browning activities. These findings support the therapeutic potential of targeting hypothalamic inflammation and reducing adiposity through IL‐4 intervention for tackling the pandemic increasing prevalence of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
Extracellular particles (EPs) including extracellular vesicles (EVs) and exomeres play significant roles in diseases and therapeutic applications. However, their spatiotemporal dynamics in vivo have ...remained largely unresolved in detail due to the lack of a suitable method. Therefore, a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)‐based reporter, PalmGRET, is created to enable pan‐EP labeling ranging from exomeres (<50 nm) to small (<200 nm) and medium and large (>200 nm) EVs. PalmGRET emits robust, sustained signals and allows the visualization, tracking, and quantification of the EPs from whole animal to nanoscopic resolutions under different imaging modalities, including bioluminescence, BRET, and fluorescence. Using PalmGRET, it is shown that EPs released by lung metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibit lung tropism with varying distributions to other major organs in immunocompetent mice. It is further demonstrated that gene knockdown of lung‐tropic membrane proteins, solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1, alanine aminopeptidase/Cd13, and chloride intracellular channel 1 decreases HCC‐EP distribution to the lungs and yields distinct biodistribution profiles. It is anticipated that EP‐specific imaging, quantitative assays, and detailed in vivo characterization are a starting point for more accurate and comprehensive in vivo models of EP biology and therapeutic design.
PalmGRET, a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)‐based reporter for extracellular particles (EPs), enables pan‐EP labeling, including extracellular vesicles and exomeres. PalmGRET allows accurate visualization, tracking, and quantification of EPs from whole animal to nanoscopic resolutions under different imaging modalities, including bioluminescence, BRET, and fluorescence. Using PalmGRET, lung‐tropic EP proteins are identified and dynamically altered biodistributions are revealed under redirected tropism.
This study integrates the array sensing module and the flow leakage algorithm. In this study, a real-time monitoring deep-sea pipeline damage sensing system is designed to provide decision-making ...parameters such as damage coordinates and damage area. The array sensor module is composed of multiple YF-S201 hall sensors and controllers. YF-S201 hall sensors are arranged inside the pipeline in an array. The flow signal in the deep-sea pipeline can be transmitted to the electronic control interface to analyze the leakage position and leakage flowrate of the pipeline. The theory of this system is based on the conservation of mass. Through the flow of each sensor, it is judged whether the pipeline is damaged. When the pipeline is not damaged, the flowrate of each sensor is almost the same. When the pipeline is damaged, the flowrate will drop significantly. When the actual size of leakage in the pipeline is 5.28 cm2, the size calculated by the flowrate of hall sensors is 2.58 cm2 in average, indicating the error between experimental data and theoretical data is 46%. When the actual size of leakage in the pipeline is 1.98 cm2, the size calculated by the flowrate of hall sensors is 1.31 cm2 in average, indicating the error between experimental data and theoretical data is 21%. This can accurately confirm the location of the broken pipeline, which is between sensor A and sensor B, so that the AUV/ROV can accurately locate and perform pipeline maintenance in real time. It is expected to be able to monitor the flowrate through the array magnetic sensing module designed in this study. It can grasp the status of deep-sea pipelines, improve the quality of deep-sea extraction and pipeline maintenance speed.
Abstract The DSM-5 proposed the diagnostic criteria of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and suggested that more evidence is necessary before it is included as a standard disorder in the DSM system. The ...aims of this study were to: 1) evaluate the diagnostic validity of individual criteria of IGD in the DSM-5 and the criteria of craving and irritability; 2) determine the optimal cut-off point for the IGD criteria in the DSM-5. We recruited 75 subjects with IGD, 75 without IGD, and 75 in remission from IGD based on the Diagnostic Criteria of Internet Addiction for College Students (DC-IA-C). All participants underwent a diagnostic interview based on the diagnostic criteria of IGD in the DSM-5 and completed the CIAS and QGU-B. Except for the “deceiving” and “escape” criteria, all criteria of IGD had diagnostic accuracy ranging from 77.3% to 94.7% to differentiate university students with IGD from remitted students. The criterion of craving had diagnostic accuracy of 88% and the criteria of irritability had an accuracy of 68.7%. Fulfilling 5 or more criteria of IGD in the DSM-5 was the best cut-off point to differentiate young adults with IGD from healthy or remitted users.
Information on genetic variants associated with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels remains limited. A genome‐wide association study was performed to identify single‐nucleotide ...polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with ALT levels. The ALT‐associated SNP was further evaluated for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. A cohort of 892 anti‐HCV seropositive patients was used for genome‐wide SNP array to examine the associations with baseline ALT levels. SNPs <10−5 were further tested for associations with serial ALT levels then validated in 486 anti‐HCV seropositives. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals of SNPs associated with ALT. The SNP was evaluated for HCC risk by using Cox's proportional hazards models. After quality control, 803 participants with 564,464 SNPs were included in the analysis. Of these, 12 SNPs were associated with ALT (p < 10−5). Among the participants, 158 (19.7%) had ALT persistently ≤15 U/L, 327 (40.7%) ever >15 U/L but never >45 U/L, and 318 (39.6%) ever >45 U/L during follow‐up. The rs568800 was associated with serial ALT levels, and this was replicated in the external population significantly (p < .05). The A allele (vs C) of rs568800 was associated with ALT >15 U/L but ≤45 U/L and ALT >45 U/L, with the adjusted ORs of 1.41 (1.11–1.78) and 1.86 (1.34–2.60), respectively. The adjusted HRs for HCC were 2.09 (0.90–4.89) for AC and 2.64 (1.13–6.17) for AA (CC as a reference). In conclusion, the rs568800 was associated with serum ALT levels and HCC risk. Clinical utility should be evaluated among patients who have received antivirals.
Lithium-sulfur batteries have great potential as next-generation energy-storage devices because of their high theoretical charge-storage capacity and the low cost of the sulfur cathode. To accelerate ...the development of lithium-sulfur technology, it is necessary to address the intrinsic material and extrinsic technological challenges brought about by the insulating active solid-state materials and the soluble active liquid-state materials. Herein, we report a systematic investigation of module-designed carbon-coated separators, where the carbon coating layer on the polypropylene membrane decreases the irreversible loss of dissolved polysulfides and increases the reaction kinetics of the high-loading sulfur cathode. Eight different conductive carbon coatings were considered to investigate how the materials' characteristics contribute to the lithium-sulfur cell's cathode performance. The cell with a nonporous-carbon-coated separator delivered an optimized peak capacity of 1112 mA∙h g
at a cycling rate of C/10 and retained a high reversible capacity of 710 mA∙h g
after 200 cycles under lean-electrolyte conditions. Moreover, we demonstrate the practical high specific capacity of the cathode and its commercial potential, achieving high sulfur loading and content of 4.0 mg cm
and 70 wt%, respectively, and attaining high areal and gravimetric capacities of 4.45 mA∙h cm
and 778 mA∙h g
, respectively.
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