•N-doped carbon nanobox is developed as anode material for lithium ion capacitor.•Nanobox serves as nano-reservoir for lithium ions for fast lithiation/delithiation.•Glucose derived carbon ...nanospheres of 1768 m2 g−1 are developed as cathodes.•Li ion capacitor delivers 78 Wh kg−1 at 0.31 kW kg−1 and 40 Wh kg−1 at 112 kW kg−1.•Li ion capacitor retains 138% capacity after 40,000 cycles at 10 A g−1.
Lithium ion capacitors (LICs), lately evolved energy storage devices which integrate the merits of both lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors (SCs) for high energy and power densities, have attracted substantial research attention in recent years. Here, a Prussian blue analogue nanocube templating process was developed to produce N-doped carbon nanoboxes (N-CNB) as high performance anode materials for lithium ion based energy storage. The N-CNB exhibited high specific capacities and excellent rate capability and cycling performances as an anode. If paired with glucose derived carbon nanospheres (GCNS) cathodes, the N-CNB//GCNS LIC delivered a high energy density of 77.5 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 311.3 W kg−1 and maintained a decent energy density of 40.4 Wh kg−1 at a high power density of 112 kW kg−1. Its cycling performances were outstanding, reaching an ultrahigh, over 100%, capacity retention of 138% after a 40,000 cycle operation at 10 A g−1, attributable to the continuous electrochemical activation of the electrode materials. The success of the present LIC can be attributed to the advantageous nanobox structure in serving as nano-reservoirs for Li-ion to enable local, fast lithiation/delithiation and in buffering the volume expansion/shrinkage during lithiation/delithiation cycles.
RATIONALE:PhosPhatidic Acid Phosphatase type 2B (PPAP2B), an integral membrane protein known as lipid phosphate phosphatase (LPP3) that inactivates lysophosphatidic acid, was implicated in coronary ...artery disease (CAD) by genome-wide association studies. However, it is unclear whether genome-wide association studies–identified coronary artery disease genes, including PPAP2B, participate in mechanotransduction mechanisms by which vascular endothelia respond to local atherorelevant hemodynamics that contribute to the regional nature of atherosclerosis.
OBJECTIVE:To establish the critical role of PPAP2B in endothelial responses to hemodynamics.
METHODS AND RESULTS:Reduced PPAP2B was detected in vivo in mouse and swine aortic arch (AA) endothelia exposed to chronic disturbed flow, and in mouse carotid artery endothelia subjected to surgically induced acute disturbed flow. In humans, PPAP2B was reduced in the downstream part of carotid plaques where low shear stress prevails. In culture, reduced PPAP2B was measured in human aortic endothelial cells under atherosusceptible waveform mimicking flow in human carotid sinus. Flow-sensitive microRNA-92a and transcription factor KLF2 were identified as upstream inhibitor and activator of endothelial PPAP2B, respectively. PPAP2B suppression abrogated atheroprotection of unidirectional flow; inhibition of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 restored the flow-dependent, anti-inflammatory phenotype in PPAP2B-deficient cells. PPAP2B inhibition resulted in myosin light-chain phosphorylation and intercellular gaps, which were abolished by lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1/2 inhibition. Expression quantitative trait locus mapping demonstrated PPAP2B coronary artery disease risk allele is not linked to PPAP2B expression in various human tissues but significantly associated with reduced PPAP2B in human aortic endothelial cells.
CONCLUSIONS:Atherorelevant flows dynamically modulate endothelial PPAP2B expression through miR-92a and KLF2. Mechanosensitive PPAP2B plays a critical role in promoting anti-inflammatory phenotype and maintaining vascular integrity of endothelial monolayer under atheroprotective flow.
Aims: The aim of the present study was to compare psychiatric symptoms between adolescents with and without Internet addiction, as well as between analogs with and without substance use.
Methods: A ...total of 3662 students (2328 male and 1334 female) were recruited for the study. Self‐report scales were utilized to assess psychiatric symptoms, Internet addiction, and substance use.
Results: It was found that Internet addiction or substance use in adolescents was associated with more severe psychiatric symptoms. Hostility and depression were associated with Internet addiction and substance use after controlling for other symptoms.
Conclusions: This result partially supports the hypothesis that Internet addiction should be included in the organization of problem behavior theory, and it is suggested that prevention and intervention can best be carried out when grouped with other problem behaviors. Moreover, more attention should be devoted to hostile and depressed adolescents in the design of preventive strategies and the related therapeutic interventions for Internet addiction.
This study uses near-field electrospinning (NFES) technology to make a novel self-powered strain sensor and applies it to the real-time monitoring of a bending structure, so that the measurement ...equipment can be reduced in volume. A self-powered strain sensor consists of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) fibers, a PDMS fixed substrate, and an aluminum electrode. PVDF fibers are spun with DMSO and acetone using NFES technology, with a diameter of about 8 μm, Young’s modulus of 1.1 GPa, and piezoelectric effect of up to 230 mV. The fixed substrate is a film made of PDMS by thermal curing, then adhered to the PDMS film surface of the sheet Al metal as an Al electrode, and then combined with PVDF fiber film, to become a self-powered strain sensor. As a result, the XRD β value of the self-powered strain sensor reaches 2112 and the sensitivity is increased by 20% over a traditional strain sensor. The cumulative angle algorithm can be applied to measure the angular change of the object over a unit of time or the cumulative displacement of the object over the entire period of motion. The experimental results demonstrate that the self-powered strain sensor combined with the angle accumulation algorithm may be applied to monitor the bending structure, thereby achieving continuous measurements of bending structure changes, and improving on traditional piezoelectric sensors, which can only be sensed once. In the future, self-powered strain sensors will have the ability to continuously measure in real-time, enabling the use of piezoelectric sensors for long-term monitoring of structural techniques.
The membrane-bound serine proteases prostasin and matriptase and the Kunitz-type protease inhibitors HAI-1 and HAI-2 are all expressed in human skin and may form a tightly regulated proteolysis ...network, contributing to skin pathophysiology. Evidence from other systems, however, suggests that the relationship between matriptase and prostasin and between the proteases and the inhibitors can be context-dependent. In this study the in vivo zymogen activation and protease inhibition status of matriptase and prostasin were investigated in the human skin. Immunohistochemistry detected high levels of activated prostasin in the granular layer, but only low levels of activated matriptase restricted to the basal layer. Immunoblot analysis of foreskin lysates confirmed this in vivo zymogen activation status and further revealed that HAI-1 but not HAI-2 is the prominent inhibitor for prostasin and matriptase in skin. The zymogen activation status and location of the proteases does not support a close functional relation between matriptase and prostasin in the human skin. The limited role for HAI-2 in the inhibition of matriptase and prostasin is the result of its primarily intracellular localization in basal and spinous layer keratinocytes, which probably prevents the Kunitz inhibitor from interacting with active prostasin or matriptase. In contrast, the cell surface expression of HAI-1 in all viable epidermal layers renders it an effective regulator for matriptase and prostasin. Collectively, our study suggests the importance of tissue distribution and subcellular localization in the functional relationship between proteases and protease inhibitors.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
X-ray structure of EmrE supports dual topology model Chen, Yen-Ju; Pornillos, Owen; Lieu, Samantha ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS,
11/2007, Letnik:
104, Številka:
48
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
EmrE, a multidrug transporter from Escherichia coli, functions as a homodimer of a small four-transmembrane protein. The membrane insertion topology of the two monomers is controversial. Although the ...EmrE protein was reported to have a unique orientation in the membrane, models based on electron microscopy and now defunct x-ray structures, as well as recent biochemical studies, posit an antiparallel dimer. We have now reanalyzed our x-ray data on EmrE. The corrected structures in complex with a transport substrate are highly similar to the electron microscopy structure. The first three transmembrane helices from each monomer surround the substrate binding chamber, whereas the fourth helices participate only in dimer formation. Selenomethionine markers clearly indicate an antiparallel orientation for the monomers, supporting a "dual topology" model.
To determine whether feeding progression patterns in the first eight postnatal weeks, depicted by clustering analysis of daily enteral feeding volume, are associated with longitudinal ...head-circumference (HC) growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely preterm (EP) infants.
200 infants who were admitted at gestational ages 23-27 weeks between 2011 and 2018; survived to discharge; and underwent longitudinal HC growth measurements at birth, term-equivalent age (TEA), corrected age (CA) 6-month, 12-month, and 24-month; and neurodevelopmental assessment using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at CA 24 months were included for analysis.
kmlShape analysis identified two distinct enteral feeding progression patterns: fast progression in 131 (66%) infants and slow progression in 69 (34%) infants. Compared to the fast progression group, the slow progression group showed significantly lower daily enteral volumes after day 13, was older in postnatal age reaching full feeding, had a higher rate of Delta z scores of HC (zHC) < -1 (
< 0.001) between birth and TEA, and displayed lower longitudinal zHC from TEA to CA 24 months. The slow progression group also showed higher rates of microcephaly 42% vs. 16%,
< 0.001; adjusted odd ratio (aOR): 3.269,
= 0.001 and neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) (38% vs. 19%,
= 0.007; aOR: 2.095,
= 0.035) at CA 24 months. For NDI, the model including feeding progression patterns showed a lower Akaike information criterion score and a better goodness of fit than the model that did not include feeding patterns.
Characterizing feeding progression pattern may help identify EP infants at high-risk of head-size growth faltering and NDI at early childhood.
Perovskite CsPbI3 quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized as a hole-transporting layer (HTL) of a planar perovskite solar cell (PSC). By using the Octam solution during the ligand engineering, CsPbI3 QDs ...exhibits a denser grain and a larger grain size due to the short-chain ligands of Octam. In addition, CsPbI3 QDs with the Octam solution showed a smooth and uniform surface on MAPbI3 film, indicating the QDs improved the microstructure of the MAPbI3 perovskite film. As a result, the PSC with CsPbI3 QDs as an HTL has the optimal open-circuit voltage as 1.09 V, the short-circuit current as 20.5 mA/cm2, and the fill factor (FF) as 75.7%, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) as 17.0%. Hence, it is inferred that introducing QDs as a HTL via the ligand engineering can effectively improve the device performance of the PSC.
Abstract Background In adolescent populations worldwide, Internet addiction is prevalent and is often comorbid with depression, hostility, and social anxiety of adolescents. This study aimed at ...evaluating the exacerbation of depression, hostility, and social anxiety in the course of getting addiction to Internet or remitting from Internet addiction among adolescents. Method This study recruited 2293 adolescents in grade 7 to assess their depression, hostility, social anxiety and Internet addiction. The same assessments were repeated one year later. The incidence group was defined as subjects classified as non-addicted in the first assessment and as addicted in the second assessment. The remission group was defined as subjects classified as addicted in the first assessment and as non-addicted in the second assessment. Results The incidence group exhibited increased depression and hostility more than the non-addiction group and the effect of on depression was stronger among adolescent girls. Further, the remission group showed decreased depression, hostility, and social anxiety more than the persistent addiction group. Conclusions Depression and hostility worsen in the addiction process for the Internet among adolescents. Intervention of Internet addiction should be provided to prevent its negative effect on mental health. Depression, hostility, and social anxiety decreased in the process of remission. It suggested that the negative consequences could be reversed if Internet addiction could be remitted within a short duration.
Compressors in petrochemical plants are often crucial to process operations, and when a failure occurs, the outcome can be catastrophic. Many researches have been attempting to detect failure modes ...as early as possible to plan upfront repair and conceivably reduce maintenance time. A reciprocating compressor was selected as the target of this study, and a few years of historical records of maintenance parameters and maintenance work orders were gathered for analysis. The time history was divided into 13 events, and each event started with a normal operation and ended with a repair work order. Time‐domain features and wavelet decomposition features of the parameters were extracted, and the patterns stored within each event were identified using the artificial neural network and support vector machine. Moreover, a set of reasoning algorithms were developed to detect anomalies, and responsible failure modes were identified. For a specific type of compressor, the vibration signal was found to be related to most of the anomalies and thus used for evaluation. Results showed a >90% detection rate for failure mode diagnosis based on historical test data.
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