Summary of main observation and conclusion
The importance of CF3‐containing molecules in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and materials intrigues the intense interest in synthetic methodology of these ...compounds. With a purpose to enrich trifluoromethylation methodology, we carefully examined the substrate scope of hydroxytrifluoromethylation of alkenes using iodotrifluoromethane, and the reaction provided β‐trifluoromethyl alcohols in good yields under extremely mild conditions without catalysts. We found that our reaction can be applied to not only styrenes but also various aliphatic alkenes with excellent selectivity; no ketone was detected in most of our cases. Another feature of our discovery is “simple”. The reaction was carried out in air, irradiated by visible light, at room temperature and most importantly no catalyst was needed. A solution of CF3I in DMSO was used as the facile trifluoromethylating reagent, which simplified the utilization of gaseous CF3I. Based on 19F NMR spectroscopy, we observed a halogen bond between CF3I and tertiary amine in this reaction. The interaction may promote single electron transfer by the visible light irradiation.
The reaction can be applied to not only styrenes but also various aliphatic alkenes with excellent selectivity. We propose a halogen bond interation promotes a single electron transfer under the visble light irradiation. No catalyst was needed. A solution of CF3I in DMSO was used as the facile trifluoromethylating reagent.
Rice blast, one of the most destructive epidemic diseases, annually causes severe losses in grain yield worldwide. To manage blast disease, breeding resistant varieties is considered a more economic ...and environment-friendly strategy than chemical control. For breeding new resistant varieties, natural germplasms with broad-spectrum resistance are valuable resistant donors, but the number is limited. Therefore, artificially induced mutants are an important resource for identifying new broad-spectrum resistant (
R
) genes/loci. To pursue this approach, we focused on a broad-spectrum blast resistant rice mutant line SA0169, which was previously selected from a sodium azide induced mutation pool of TNG67, an elite japonica variety. We found that SA0169 was completely resistant against the 187 recently collected blast isolates and displayed durable resistance for almost 20 years. Linkage mapping and QTL-seq analysis indicated that a 1.16-Mb region on chromosome 6 (
Pi169-6
(
t
)) and a 2.37-Mb region on chromosome 11 (
Pi169-11
(
t
)) conferred the blast resistance in SA0169. Sequence analysis and genomic editing study revealed 2 and 7 candidate
R
genes in
Pi169-6
(
t
) and
Pi169-11
(
t
), respectively. With the assistance of mapping results, six blast and bacterial blight double resistant lines, which carried
Pi169-6
(
t
) and/or
Pi169-11
(
t
), were established. The complementation of
Pi169-6
(
t
) and
Pi169-11
(
t
), like SA0169, showed complete resistance to all tested isolates, suggesting that the combined effects of these two genomic regions largely confer the broad-spectrum resistance of SA0169. The sodium azide induced mutant SA0169 showed broad-spectrum and durable blast resistance. The broad resistance spectrum of SA0169 is contributed by the combined effects of two
R
regions,
Pi169-6
(
t
) and
Pi169-11
(
t
). Our study increases the understanding of the genetic basis of the broad-spectrum blast resistance induced by sodium azide mutagenesis, and lays a foundation for breeding new rice varieties with durable resistance against the blast pathogen.
Abstract
Background
To date, there are no effective treatments for most neurodegenerative diseases. Knowledge graphs can provide comprehensive and semantic representation for heterogeneous data, and ...have been successfully leveraged in many biomedical applications including drug repurposing. Our objective is to construct a knowledge graph from literature to study the relations between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and chemicals, drugs and dietary supplements in order to identify opportunities to prevent or delay neurodegenerative progression. We collected biomedical annotations and extracted their relations using SemRep via SemMedDB. We used both a BERT-based classifier and rule-based methods during data preprocessing to exclude noise while preserving most AD-related semantic triples. The 1,672,110 filtered triples were used to train with knowledge graph completion algorithms (i.e., TransE, DistMult, and ComplEx) to predict candidates that might be helpful for AD treatment or prevention.
Results
Among three knowledge graph completion models, TransE outperformed the other two (MR = 10.53, Hits@1 = 0.28). We leveraged the time-slicing technique to further evaluate the prediction results. We found supporting evidence for most highly ranked candidates predicted by our model which indicates that our approach can inform reliable new knowledge.
Conclusion
This paper shows that our graph mining model can predict reliable new relationships between AD and other entities (i.e., dietary supplements, chemicals, and drugs). The knowledge graph constructed can facilitate data-driven knowledge discoveries and the generation of novel hypotheses.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hearing loss has been shown to be a risk factor for psychiatric disorders. In addition, long-term hearing loss is associated with increased hospitalization and mortality rates; however, the increased ...risk and duration of effect of hearing loss in combination with other chronic diseases on each psychiatric disorder are still not clearly defined. The purpose of this article is to clarify the risk of hearing loss for each disorder over time.
This was a retrospective cohort study, and a national health insurance research database in Taiwan was utilized. All (n = 1,949,101) Taiwanese residents who had a medical visit between 2000 and 2015 were included. Patients with hearing loss and a comparative retrospective cohort were analyzed. Every subject was tracked individually from their index date to identify the subjects who later received a diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder. The Kaplan‒Meier method was used to analyze the cumulative incidence of psychiatric disorders. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify the risk of psychiatric disorders.
A total of 13,341 (15.42%) and 31,250 (9.03%) patients with and without hearing loss, respectively, were diagnosed with psychiatric disorders (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that hearing loss significantly elevated the risk of psychiatric disorders (adjusted HR = 2.587, 95% CI 1.723-3.346, p < 0.001).
Our findings indicate that patients with hearing loss are more likely to develop psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, the various psychiatric disorders are more likely to occur at different times. Our findings have important clinical implications, including a need for clinicians to implement early intervention for hearing loss and to pay close attention to patients' psychological status. Trial registration TSGHIRB No. E202216036.
A novel, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, obligately anaerobic bacterium, designated strain ZHW00191
, was isolated from human faeces and characterized by using a ...polyphasic taxonomic approach. Growth occurred at 25-45 °C (optimum, 37-42 °C), at pH 5.5-10.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and with 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). The end products of glucose fermentation were acetic acid, isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid and a small amount of propionic acid. The dominant cellular fatty acids (>10 %) of strain ZHW00191
were C
, C
9
and C
ω6,9
. Its polar lipid profile comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and ten unidentified glycolipids. Respiratory quinones were not detected. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained
-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and the whole-cell sugars were ribose and glucose. The genomic DNA G+C content was 32.8 mol%. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that ZHW00191
was most closely related to
TO-931
(95.3 % similarity). Average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) analyses with closely related reference strains indicated that reassociation values were both well below the thresholds of 95-96% and 70 % for species delineation, respectively. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic studies, a novel genus,
gen. nov., is proposed. The novel isolate ZHW00191
(=JCM 33482
=GDMCC 1.1530
) is proposed as the type strain of the type species
gen. nov., sp. nov. of the proposed new genus. Furthermore, it is proposed that
be transferred to this novel genus, as
comb. nov.
Rice blast is one of the most devastating diseases that threatens rice production in Taiwan. A rice blast forecasting model is required to guide the precise application of fungicide. Therefore, ...BlastGRU-TW model based on deep learning algorithms was developed in this study. The input data comprised approximately 1000 rice blast surveys, collected from 50 fields throughout Taiwan between 2014 and 2021, and the corresponding weather data retrieved from weather observation network in Taiwan. Common and easily accessible meteorological factors, i.e. temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind, were converted into 20 daily meteorological features which were coupled with different time intervals between 1 and 30 days before survey (DBS) to train the model. The results showed that seven meteorological features (daily maximum temperature, daily mean temperature, daily minimum temperature, daily mean humidity, daily mean WV and daily mean Wu) and the interval from −4 to −24 DBS were informative in disease prediction, thereby indicating that the proposed model could predict the risk of rice blast by using meteorological data 4–24 days before new disease symptoms appeared. The proposed BlastGRU-TW model achieved an accuracy of 87.3%. Furthermore, on adding the 3 day forecast weather data from Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in the proposed model, the forecast extended to 7 days ahead of the appearance of new symptoms. Moreover, the BLASTAM model developed in Japan was implemented and validated in Taiwan to evaluate its applicability in different geographical areas. Finally, a rice blast early warning system (https://mycolab.pp.nchu.edu.tw/blast_forecast/index_en.php) equipped with an interactive web-based map is now available for real-time forecasting of the risk of rice blast in paddy field across Taiwan.
•Input data from 1000 rice blast surveys in Taiwan for 2014–2021.•BlastGRU-TW model for deep learning-based rice blast prediction•The model achieves an accuracy of 87.3%•The BLASTAM model developed in Japan was the first to be implemented and validated outside Japan.•Forecast results can be visualized on a user-friendly, interactive web-based map.
Leersia hexandra Swartz (Gramineae), which occurs in Southern China, has been found to be a new chromium hyperaccumulator by means of field survey and pot-culture experiment. The field survey showed ...that this species had an extraordinary accumulation capacity for chromium. The maximum Cr concentration in the dry leaf matter was 2978
mg
kg
−1 on the side of a pond near an electroplating factory. The average concentration of chromium in the leaves was 18.86 times as that in the pond sediment, and 297.41 times as that in the pond water. Under conditions of the nutrient solution culture, it was found that
L. hexandra had a high tolerance and accumulation capacity to Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Under 60
mg
l
−1 Cr(III) and 10
mg
l
−1 Cr(VI) treatment, there was no significant decrease of biomass in the leaves of
L. hexandra (
p
>
0.05). The highest bioaccumulation coefficients of the leaves for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were 486.8 and 72.1, respectively. However,
L. hexandra had a higher accumulation capacity for Cr(III) than for Cr(VI). At the Cr(III) concentration of 10
mg
l
−1 in the culture solution, the concentration of chromium in leaves was 4868
mg
kg
−1, while at the same Cr(VI) concentration, the concentration of chromium in leaves was only 597
mg
kg
−1. These results confirmed that
L. hexandra is a chromium hyperaccumulator which grows rapidly with a great tolerance to Cr and broad ecological amplitude. This species could provide a new plant resource that explores the mechanism of Cr hyperaccumulation, and has potential for usage in the phytoremediation of Cr-contaminated soil and water.
We study exponential stability of superstable systems in Hilbert spaces under perturbations. Formulas to calculate or to estimate the exponential growth bound of the perturbed systems are derived via ...which sufficient conditions on exponential stability are established. The obtained results are applied to a partial differential equation governing the vibration of a smart beam made of self-straining material. Several numerical simulations are given.
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