The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is a quantum coherent transport phenomenon that conventionally vanishes at elevated temperatures because of thermal dephasing. Therefore, it is puzzling that the AHE ...can survive in heavy metal (HM)/antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulator (AFMI) heterostructures at high temperatures yet disappears at low temperatures. In this paper, an unconventional high‐temperature AHE in HM/AFMI is observed only around the Néel temperature of AFM, with large anomalous Hall resistivity up to 40 nΩ cm is reported. This mechanism is attributed to the emergence of a noncollinear AFM spin texture with a non‐zero net topological charge. Atomistic spin dynamics simulation shows that such a unique spin texture can be stabilized by the subtle interplay among the collinear AFM exchange coupling, interfacial Dyzaloshinski–Moriya interaction, thermal fluctuation, and bias magnetic field.
An unconventional high‐temperature anomalous Hall effect was achieved in NiO‐based heavy metal/antiferromagnetic insulator heterostructures by controlling the antiferromagnetic‐paramagnetic transition. The anomalous Hall resistivity reached up to 40 nΩ cm. Atomistic spin dynamics simulations show that a noncollinear antiferromagnetic spin texture with a non‐zero net topological charge can be stabilized and cause such a significant anomalous Hall effect.
1,4,5,8,9,12‐Hexaazatriphenylene (HAT) is one of the smallest polyheterocyclic aromatic building blocks for forming conjugated metal–organic frameworks (cMOFs). However, the strong inter‐molecular ...steric hindrance impedes the growth of HAT‐based cMOFs. Here we employ on‐surface synthesis to grow single‐layer two‐dimensional cMOFs of M3(HAT)2 (M=Ni, Fe, Co). Using scanning tunnelling microscopy and density‐functional theory (DFT) analysis, we resolve that the frameworks comprise a hexagonal lattice of HAT molecules and a Kagome lattice of metal atoms. The DFT analysis indicates that Ni, Co and Fe carry a magnetic moment of 1.1, 2.5, and 3.7 μB, respectively. We anticipate that the small π‐conjugated core of HAT and strong bidentate chelating coordination give rise to appealing electronic and magnetic properties.
1,4,5,8,9,12‐Hexaazatriphenylene (HAT)‐based two‐dimensional conjugated metal–organic frameworks of M3(HAT)2 (M=Fe, Ni, Co) were synthesized by means of an on‐surface self‐assembly protocol which effectively overcomes the strong inter‐molecular steric hindrance.
Pectin polymers are considered for lithium-ion battery electrodes. To understand the performance of pectin as an applied buffer layer, the electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of pectin films ...are investigated. This work describes a methodology for creating pectin films, including both pristine pectin and Fe-doped pectin, which are optically translucent, and explores their potential for lithium-ion battery application. The transmission response is found extended in optimally Fe-doped pectin, and prominent modes for cation bonding are identified. Fe doping enhances the conductivity observed in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and from the magnetic response of pectin evidence for Fe
is identified. The Li-ion half-cell prepared with pectin as binder for anode materials such as graphite shows stable charge capacity over long cycle life, and with slightly higher specific capacity compare with the cell prepared using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as binder. A novel enhanced charging specific capacity at a high C-rate is observed in cells with pectin binder, suggesting that within a certain rate (∼5 C), pectin has higher capacity at faster charge rates. The pectin system is found as a viable base material for organic-inorganic synthesis studies.
BackgroundPsoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease that has a great impact on patients' physical and mental health. However, the causes and underlying molecular mechanisms of psoriasis are ...still largely unknown. MethodsThe expression profiles of genes from psoriatic lesion samples and skin samples from healthy controls were integrated via the sva software package, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between psoriasis and healthy skin were screened by the limma package. Furthermore, GO and KEGG pathway enrichments for the DEGs were performed using the Clusterprofiler package. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks for the DEGs were then constructed to identify hub genes. scGESA analysis was performed on a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset via irGSEA. In order to find the cytokines correlated with the hub genes expression, single cell weighted gene co-expression network analyses (scWGCNA) were utilized to build a gene co-expression network. Furthermore, the featured genes of psoriasis found in suprabasal keratinocytes were intersected with hub genes. We then analyzed the expression of the intersection genes and cytokines in the integrated dataset. After that, we used other datasets to reveal the changes in the intersection genes' expression levels during biological therapy. The relationship between intersection genes and PASI scores was also explored. ResultsWe identified 148 DEGs between psoriatic and healthy samples. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that DEGs are mainly involved in the defense response to other organisms. The PPI network showed that 11 antiviral proteins (AVPs) were hub genes. scGSEA analysis in the single-cell transcriptome dataset showed that those hub genes are highly expressed in keratinocytes, especially in suprabasal keratinocytes. ISG15, MX1, IFI44L, and IFI27 were the characteristic genes of psoriasis in suprabasal keratinocytes. scWGCNA showed that three cytokines-IL36G, MIF, and IL17RA-were co-expressed in the turquoise module. Only interleukin-36 gamma (IL36G) was positively correlated with AVPs in the integrated dataset. IL36G and AVPs were found co-expressed in a substantial number of suprabasal keratinocytes. Furthermore, we found that the expression levels of IL36G and the 4 AVPs showed positive correlation with PASI score in patients with psoriasis, and that these levels decreased significantly during treatment with biological therapies, but not with methotrexate. ConclusionIL36G and antiviral proteins may be closely related with the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and they may represent new candidate molecular markers for the occurrence and severity of psoriasis.
Objective
Esophageal white lesions (EWL) are commonly observed under upper endoscopy, while their clinical significance remains undetermined. The aim of this study was to identify the endoscopic ...characteristics of EWL and distinguish between different types of EWL.
Methods
Consecutive patients with upper gastrointestinal complaints and participants admitted for health check‐up who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy from October 2018 to August 2019 in a tertiary hospital were prospectively screened. EWL were detected under endoscopy and biopsy was performed for histological analysis. Participants' characteristics, lifestyle, esophageal motility and reflux monitoring variables were analyzed.
Results
Of the 3641 consecutive participants screened, 303 of them aged 56.12 ± 10.95 years were found to have EWL (detection rate of 8.3%). More than one‐third of them preferred hot drinks, eating pickled or spicy food, smoking and alcohol consumption and 5.3% had current or former upper gastrointestinal or head and neck cancers. The common endoscopic appearance of the EWL (2.9 mm ± 1.2 mm in diameter) included slightly elevated plaque, translucent white in color, with a clear border, round or oval in shape, and a scaly, rough or smooth surface. Histology showed low‐grade intraepithelial dysplasia in 13 cases, leukoplakia in 10 and intestinal metaplasia in one. No significant differences were found between the histological findings and endoscopic manifestations of EWL.
Conclusions
EWL are not uncommon in daily endoscopic examination, with some of them being precancerous lesions. Conventional white‐light endoscopy is insufficient to identify EWL, while histological assessment is important. Further studies using advanced endoscopic techniques with long‐term follow‐up are needed.
Esophageal white lesions (EWL) are common under upper endoscopy, while their clinical significance remains uninvestigated. We performed a prospective investigation via white‐light endoscopy and forceps biopsy to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of EWL and revealed that some EWL had potential precancerous changes while showing no such appearance under white‐light endoscopy. Therefore, conventional white‐light endoscopy without biopsy is insufficient to distinguish between different types of EWL.
There were various types of EWL by histology (P < 0.001) with 3.4% of them to be esophageal leukoplakia (Figure A) and 4.5% low‐grade dysplasia (Figure B).
One case of esophageal leukoplakia was found to be consisted of a prominent granular layer and an overlying, compact hyperorthokeratotic layer (Figure A). And one case of esophageal mild dysplasia was demonstrated in Figure B.
Recent evidence supports a role for microRNA-223 (miR-223) in modulating tumor cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs; however, its role in cellular resistance to the effects of epidermal growth ...factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) used in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains to be elucidated. The levels of miR-223 in parental cell line (HCC827) and erlotinib resistant HCC827 cell line (HCC827/ER) were detected by qRT-PCR. HCC827/ER cells were treated with MK-2206 to block the Akt signaling pathway or RO4929097 to block the Notch signaling pathway, and then transfected with an miR-223 inhibitor or interference expression plasmid of F-Box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 (FBXW7) or insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). HCC827 cells were transfected with miR-223 mimics. Next, CCK-8, colony formation, and flow cytometric apoptosis assays were used to assess cell resistance to erlotinib. When compared with its expression in HCC827 cells, miR-223 expression was significantly up-regulated in HCC827/ER cells. Blocking either the Akt or Notch signaling pathway and reducing miR-223 expression resulted in decreased resistance in HCC827/ER cells. Conversely, increasing miR-223 expression induced cell resistance to erlotinib in HCC827 cells. miR-223 enhanced resistance to erlotinib by down-regulating
expression. Reducing
expression lowered resistance to erlotinib in HCC827/ER cells, while interference with expression of
produced no significant effect. This study demonstrated that NSCLC cells can up-regulate their levels of miR-223 expression via the Akt and Notch signaling pathways. miR-223 may serve as an important regulator of erlotinib sensitivity in NSCLC cells by targeting
.
•Two subtypes with distinct default mode network profiles exist in major depression.•Subtypes of major depression are robust in validation datasets across brain atlases.•Hyper- & hypo-connectivity ...DMN subgroups have comparable clinical symptom variables.•Future studies should examine whether two subtypes have differing treatment response.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is heterogeneous disorder associated with aberrant functional connectivity within the default mode network (DMN). This study focused on data-driven identification and validation of potential DMN-pattern-based MDD subtypes to parse heterogeneity of the disorder.
The sample comprised 1397 participants including 690 patients with MDD and 707 healthy controls (HC) registered from multiple sites based on the REST-meta-MDD Project in China. Baseline resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data was recorded for each participant. Discriminative features were selected from DMN between patients and HC. Patient subgroups were defined by K-means and principle component analysis in the multi-site datasets and validated in an independent single-site dataset. Statistical significance of resultant clustering were confirmed. Demographic and clinical variables were compared between identified patient subgroups.
Two MDD subgroups with differing functional connectivity profiles of DMN were identified in the multi-site datasets, and relatively stable in different validation samples. The predominant dysfunctional connectivity profiles were detected among superior frontal cortex, ventral medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, whereas one subgroup exhibited increases of connectivity (hyperDMN MDD) and another subgroup showed decreases of connectivity (hypoDMN MDD). The hyperDMN subgroup in the discovery dataset had age-related severity of depressive symptoms. Patient subgroups had comparable demographic and clinical symptom variables.
Findings suggest the existence of two neural subtypes of MDD associated with different dysfunctional DMN connectivity patterns, which may provide useful evidence for parsing heterogeneity of depression and be valuable to inform the search for personalized treatment strategies.
Coal destruction is an energy-driven destabilization phenomenon. In order to investigate the effect of moisture on energy accumulation and dissipation during coal destruction, uniaxial compression ...tests on coal samples with different water content states were carried out, and the mechanical properties and impact energy index of coal were analyzed based on this. The results showed that the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of coal samples decreased significantly with the increase of water content; the proportion of the initial compression-density stage, plastic deformation damage stage and post-peak damage stage in the full stress-strain process of coal samples increased, and the proportion of linear elastic stage decreased; the accumulation deformation energy before the peak of coal samples decreased, the loss deformation energy after the peak increased, and the impact energy index decreased. The increase of water content changed the coal sample from splitting damage to shear damage, and the p
microRNAs (miRNAs) have been hypothesized to function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors by targeting specific cancer-related genes. Previous studies have reported that miR-223 may serve as a tumor ...suppressor in a number of cancer types, however, knowledge of its targets in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains limited. In the current study, miR-223 was found to inhibit cell proliferation in vitro by CCK-8 assay, growth curves and an anchorage-independent growth assay in a Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell line. miR-223 transfection in the LLC cells was observed to significantly inhibit migration and invasion, induce G2/M arrest and decrease the expression levels of Sca-1, a marker of murine stem cells. In addition, miR-223 transfection markedly suppressed AKT and ERK signaling, as well as insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R)-mediated downstream signaling, pathways that are crucial for cell proliferation and invasion in NSCLC cells. Analyses in C57BL/6 mice demonstrated that miR-223 suppresses tumorigenicity in vivo. Using a luciferase activity assay and western blot analysis, IGF-1R and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) were identified as direct targets of miR-223. In the present study, novel cancer-related targets of miR-223 were identified and verified in a LLC cell line, indicating that miR-223 functions as a tumor suppressor, which may fine-tune the activity of the IGF-1R pathway in lung cancer. Therefore, increasing miR-223 expression may provide a novel approach for the treatment of NSCLC.
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