Fluorinated diamond-like carbon (a-C:F) films with different fluorine content were grown on silicon (100) substrate by pulse filtered cathodic vacuum arc source technology (FCVA). Influences of the ...fluorine incorporation on the various properties of the amorphous carbon based film were especially emphasized, including its microstructure, its mechanical properties and the hydrophobicity. The film composition and structure were successively characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) and laser Raman scattering spectroscope. Surface morphology and roughness were analyzed by atomic force microscope (AFM). Hardness and scratch resistance were measured by nano-indentation and nano-scratch, respectively. Water contact angles were measured by the sessile drop method. As a result, with the increase of CF4 flow rate in the feed gas, fluorine content was gradually increased to the film, the maximum fluorine content, 45.6 at% in the film was obtained. Raman spectra indicate that these films possess a diamond-
Due to the difference in reactivity of enantiomers with chiral reagents, it was found that in the Fast Atom Bombardment (FAB) mass spectra of enantiomer mixtures of R-α-phenylethylamine and ...S-α-phenylethylamine with a chiral reagent S-phosphorsaeure-(1,1′-bi-naphthyl-2,2′-diylester) (BNP acid), the relative abundance of the characteristic ion is linearly related to the composition of the mixture. We have, therefore, proposed a possible method for the determination of the optical purity of enantiomers by mass spectrometry.
To determine the possibility that asymptomatic bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) develops into symptomatic asthma, a two-year
follow-up study was conducted in 81 students (48 male, 33 female; 11 to ...17 years) who were found to have BHR in a 3,067 population
survey (BHR group). Eighty-eight age-matched students (48 male, 40 female) with normal bronchial responsiveness served as
control subjects. Daily symptom cards were recorded. Peak expiratory flow rate was measured for 24 h when symptoms occurred.
Histamine inhalation tests were performed at the beginning of the study and at the end of the first and the second year. In
the BHR group, 58 students remained bronchial hyperresponsive at the end of follow-up. Nine of 31 students with initially
diagnosed bronchial asthma had their symptoms relieved entirely, but ten asymptomatic students developed asthma. The incidence
of newly diagnosed asthma (12.5 percent in the BHR group or 20 percent in the asymptomatic BHR group) and the total percentage
of diagnosed asthma (39.5 percent) in the BHR group were significantly higher than those (2.27 percent, 2.27 percent) in the
control group. FVC and FEV1 showed no significant difference between two groups. PD20 FEV1 values in newly diagnosed asthmatics
were significantly lower than those in asymptomatic students both at the beginning (3.05 +/- 1.56 mumol vs 6.14 +/- 1.60 mumol,
p < 0.05) or the end (3.47 +/- 1.73 mumol vs 6.55 +/- 1.51 mumol, p < 0.05). The percentage of early respiratory illness was
significantly higher in those with newly diagnosed asthma (80 percent) than in asymptomatic students (22.3 percent), but atopic
index and the percentage of parental asthma showed no difference between two groups. In nine asthmatics whose symptoms were
relieved entirely in the two-year follow-up, PD20 FEV1 was undetectable within the cumulative dose of 7.8 mumol of histamine
in three students and rose from 4.58 +/- 1.85 mumol to 7.62 +/- 1.02 mumol in the remaining six. The higher the BHR, the more
likely the students developed asthma. About 45 percent of asymptomatic students with PD20 < or = 3.2 mumol developed asthma
in the following two years and 80 percent of them had a history of early respiratory illness, suggesting that they may have
subclinical or potential asthma.
Treatment of prostaglandin (PG)H synthase purified from ram seminal vesicle microsomes with trypsin cleaves the 70-kDa subunits into 33- and 38-kDa fragments (Chen, Y.-N. P., Bienkowski, M. J., and ...Marnett, L. J. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 16892-16899). In contrast to a minimal decrease in cyclooxygenase activity, peroxidase activity declines rapidly following trypsin treatment. The time course for loss of guaiacol peroxidase activity corresponds closely to the time course for protein cleavage. The ability of trypsin-treated enzyme to support catalytic reduction of 5-phenyl-4-pentenyl-1-hydroperoxide in the presence of reducing substrates is significantly reduced. The products of metabolism of 10-hydroperoxy-8,12-octadecadienoic acid indicate that trypsin-treated enzyme catalyzes homolytic scission of the hydroperoxide bond in contrast to the heterolytic scission catalyzed by intact enzyme. Spectrophotometric titrations of hematin addition to trypsin-treated PGH synthase indicate approximately a 50% reduction in heme binding. These observations suggest that trypsin treatment of PGH synthase decreases the ability of the protein to bind prosthetic heme at a site that controls peroxidase activity. Comparison of the N-terminal sequence of the 38-kDa fragment of trypsin-treated PGH synthase to the amino acid sequence of the intact protein indicates that cleavage occurs between Arg253 and Gly254. Based on literature precedents and the results of the present investigations, we propose that the heme prosthetic group that controls the peroxidase activity of PGH synthase binds to the His residue of the sequence His250-Tyr251-Pro252-Arg253 located immediately adjacent to the trypsin cleavage site.
Filariasis and its control in Fujian, China Liu, J Y; Liu, X J; Chen, Z ...
Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health,
06/1991, Letnik:
22, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Epidemiological survey of filariasis in Fujian Province, China showed that malayan filariasis, transmitted by Anopheles lesteri anthropophagus was mainly distributed in the northwest part and ...bancroftian filariasis with Culex quinquefasciatus as vector, in middle and south coastal regions. Both species of filariae showed typical nocturnal periodicity. Involvement of the extremities was not uncommon in malayan filariasis. In contrast, hydrocele was often present in bancroftian filariasis, in which limb impairment did not appear so frequently as in the former. Hetrazan treatment was administered to the microfilaremia cases identified during blood examination surveys, which were integrated with indoor residual spraying of insecticides in endemic areas of malayan filariasis when the vector mosquito was discovered and with mass treatment with hetrazan medicated salt in endemic areas of bancroftian filariasis. At the same time the habitation condition was improved. These factors facilitated the decrease in incidence. As a result malayan and bancroftian filariasis were proclaimed to have reached the criterion of basic elimination in 1985 and 1987 respectively. Surveillance was pursued thereafter and no signs of resurgence appeared.
Major advances in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques in the last two decades have provided a tool to better understand the functional organization of the brain both ...in health and illness. Despite such developments, characterizing regulation and cerebral representation of mind wandering, which occurs unavoidably during resting-state fMRI scans and may induce variability of the acquired data, remains a work in progress. Here, we demonstrate that a decrease or decoupling in functional connectivity involving the caudate nucleus, insula, medial prefrontal cortex and other domain-specific regions was associated with more sustained mind wandering in particular thought domains during resting-state fMRI. Importantly, our findings suggest that temporal and between-subject variations in functional connectivity of above-mentioned regions might be linked with the continuity of mind wandering. Our study not only provides a preliminary framework for characterizing the maintenance and cerebral representation of different types of mind wandering, but also highlights the importance of taking mind wandering into consideration when studying brain organization with resting-state fMRI in the future.
Poster Summaries Zhang, Lei; Hurek, Thomas; Reinhold-Hurek, Barbara ...
Biological Nitrogen Fixation, Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment
Book Chapter
Three anti-EGF receptor MoAbs were used in these studies. Administration of MoAbs 3 and 176 inhibited tumor formation in nude mice by CNE-2, a poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line ...and A431, an epidermoid carcinoma cell line. When the same MoAbs were used in treatment against HeLa, a cervical carcinoma, tumor growth was not affected. The number of EGF receptors and apparent dissociation constants for 125I-EGF on CNE-2 and A431 was 1.3 x 10(5)/cell (Kd 7.7 x 10(-8) mol/L) and 1.4 x 10(6)/cell (Kd 2.4 x 10(-9) mol/L), respectively. Both MoAbs 3 and 176, capable of competing with EGF for receptor binding, showed significant tumor growth inhibition. MoAb 101 was incapable of blocking the binding of EGF to its receptor, and not as effective as MoAbs 3 and 176 in tumor growth inhibition. Our observation is that the MoAb anti-EGF receptor is cytostatic rather than cytocidal, in vitro against CNE-2 and A431.
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