To improve the electron transporting and suppress the charge recombination at the interface of TiO2/perovskite, the smooth and compact yttrium(Y)-doped TiO2 compact layers were successfully prepared ...via a hydrolysis-pyrolysis method. The influences of Y-doped on the microstructure, crystal phase, chemical composition, optical absorption of the TiO2 compact layers were investigated, and the electron transporting and charge recombination at the TiO2/perovskite interface of solar cells were systemically analyzed. The planar perovskite solar cells based on the Y-doped TiO2 compact layers with a Y/Ti molar ratio of 5% obtained a best photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.52%, comparing with a PCE of 14.05% from the undoped devices. When the 200-nm length 3% Y-doped TiO2 nanorod arrays were introduced between the 5% Y-doped TiO2 compact layers and the perovskite thin film, the champion cell achieved a PCE of 18.32% under illumination of simulated AM 1.5 sunlight (100 mA cm−2).
To improve the electron transporting and suppress the charge recombination between the interface of TiO2 and perovskite, the smooth and compact Y-doped TiO2 compact layers were successfully prepared by hydrolysis-pyrolysis method using an acidic titanium isopropoxide solution in isopropanol and yttrium chloride hexahydrate (YCl3·6H2O) was used as the yttrium source. And further by introducing 200 nm length Y-doped TiO2 nanorod arrays on the Y-doped TiO2 compact layers, the PCE was improved to 18.32% with Jsc of 23.55 mA cm−2, Voc of 1.04 V, and FF of 74.83% and the average PCE of 17.55 ± 0.86% with Jsc of 22.83 ± 0.78 mA cm−2, Voc of 1.04 ± 0.02 V, and FF of 73.19 ± 1.79%. Display omitted
•Y-doped TiO2 compact layers were successfully prepared by hydrolysis-pyrolysis method.•Investigating the electron transporting and charge recombination of TiO2/perovskite.•By introducing Y-doped TiO2 nanorod arrays, the PCE was further improved to 18.32%.
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. New drug design and development is still a major challenge for glioma treatment. Increasing evidence has shown that ...nitazoxanide, an antiprotozoal drug, has a novel antitumor role in various tumors and exhibits multiple molecular functions, especially autophagic regulation. However, whether nitazoxanide-associated autophagy has an antineoplastic effect in glioma remains unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of nitazoxanide in glioblastoma. Our results showed that nitazoxanide suppressed cell growth and induced cell cycle arrest in glioblastoma by upregulating ING1 expression with a favorable toxicity profile. Nitazoxanide inhibited autophagy through blockage of late-stage lysosome acidification, resulting in decreased cleavage of ING1. A combination with chloroquine or Torin1 enhanced or impaired the chemotherapeutic effect of nitazoxanide in glioblastoma cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that nitazoxanide as an autophagy inhibitor induces cell cycle arrest in glioblastoma via upregulated ING1 due to increased transcription and decreased post-translational degradation by late-stage autophagic inhibition.
Rational design of efficient electrocatalysts is highly imperative but still a challenge for overall water splitting. Herein, we construct self‐supported Co3N nanowire arrays with different Mo doping ...contents by hydrothermal and nitridation processes that serve as robust electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. The optimal Co3N−Mo0.2/Ni foam (NF) electrode delivers a low overpotential of 97 mV at a current density of 50 mA cm−2 as well as a highly stable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations prove that Mo doping can effectively modulate the electronic structure and surface adsorption energies of H2O and hydrogen intermediates on Co3N, leading to improved reaction kinetics with high catalytic activity. Further modification with FeOOH species on the surface of Co3N−Mo0.2/NF improves the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance benefiting from the synergistic effect of dual Co−Fe catalytic centers. As a result, the Co3N−Mo0.2@FeOOH/NF catalysts display outstanding OER catalytic performance with a low overpotential of 250 mV at 50 1 mA cm−2. The constructed Co3N−Mo0.2/NF||Co3N−Mo0.2@FeOOH/NF water electrolyzer exhibits a small voltage of 1.48 V to achieve a high current density of 50 mA cm−2 at 80 °C, which is superior to most of the reported electrocatalysts. This work provides a new approach to developing robust electrode materials for electrocatalytic water splitting.
A novel self‐supported Co3N nanowire arrays with Mo doping is designed by the hydrothermal and nitridation processes, serving as excellent electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. The constructed Co3N−Mo0.2/NF||Co3N−Mo0.2@FeOOH/NF electrolyzer exhibits a small voltage of 1.48 V to achieve 50 mA cm−2 at 80 °C, which is superior to most of the reported electrocatalysts.
In order to optimize the hydrogen isotope storage properties of ZrCo alloy and promote its application in the storage and delivery system (SDS), ZrCo alloy is modified by partial substitution of Co ...with Al and subsequent melt spinning process. The microstructure and hydrogen isotope storage properties, especially the cycling performance, of ZrCo1-xAlx (x = 0–0.15) samples were thoroughly investigated. It is found that all as-cast Al-substituted alloys are consisted of a main phase of ZrCo, while the segregation of Al element at grain boundary is more serious with the increase of Al doping content, which restrains the valid substitution content of Al for Co in ZrCo phase. The initial activation performances of the Al-substituted alloys are enhanced and excellent hydriding kinetics are maintained. With the increase of Al substitution content in ZrCo phase of ZrCo1-xAlx (x = 0–0.15) alloys, the initial saturated hydrogen capacities of α solid-solution phase are improved significantly, which is attributed to the decline of valence electron concentrations (VEC) for Al-substituted alloys. Further analysis shows that the hydrogenation-dehydrogenation process of ZrCo1-xAlx (x = 0–0.15) alloys after multiple cycles has been altered as intercalation and de-intercalation of hydrogen atoms between ZrCo phase and α phase, leading to cycling capacity stabilization. More importantly, the improved terminal saturated hydrogen capacities of α phase in the Al-substituted alloys, which represents enhanced final cycling stable capacities, is linked with the increase of initial saturated hydrogen capacities of α phase after Al substitution for Co in ZrCo phase. In addition, the valid substitution content of Al for Co in ZrCo phase is further increased without any element segregation for ZrCo0.9Al0.1 alloy processed by melt spinning, which behaves further optimized final cycling stable capacity of 0.93 wt%, and its variation of the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation paths is similar to those of the above samples. In this work, the mechanism of cycling capacity stabilization has been explored in detail, which provides guidance to improve the cycling stability of ZrCo-based hydrogen isotope storage alloys from point of phase structure of ZrCo alloy.
•The hydrogen capacity of α phase for ZrCo1-xAlx is improved by Al substitution.•De-/hydriding behaviors of ZrCo1-xAlx are altered after multiple cycles.•Enhancing hydrogen capacities of α phase can improve the stability of Zr–Co–Al.
BACKGROUNDThe advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has altered the outlook for cancer treatment. The estimation of predictive biomarkers could contribute to maximizing the benefits from ICIs ...treatment. Here, we explored the association between HYDIN mutations (HYDIN-MUT) in melanoma and ICIs efficacy. METHODSClinical data and sequencing data from published studies were utilized to assess the association between HYDIN-MUT and the efficacy of ICIs treatment in melanoma patients. RESULTSCompared to other tumor types, HYDIN (36.14%) has the highest mutation rate in melanoma patients. In the anti-PD-1 treated cohort (n = 254), the HYDIN-MUT patients had a longer OS after ICIs treatment than the HYDIN wild-type (HYDIN-WT) patients (HR = 0.590 95% CI, 0.410-0.847, P = 0.004); the objective response rate (ORR) and durable clinical benefit (DCB) were increased in patients with HYDIN-MUT (ORR = 46.25, DCB = 56.00%) compared to patients with HYDIN-WT (ORR = 30.99%, DCB = 42.76%) (ORR: P = 0.019; DCB: P = 0.060). In the anti-CTLA4 treated cohort (n = 174), HYDIN-MUT patients achieved significantly longer OS than HYDIN-WT patients (HR = 0.549 95% CI, 0.366-0.823, P = 0.003); the proportion of ORR and DCB in HYDIN-MUT patients was significantly higher than that in HYDIN-WT patients (ORR 40.54% vs. 14.42%, P = 0.031; DCB 45.76% vs. 22.22%, P = 0.002). Further gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that DNA repair and anti-tumor immunity were significantly enhanced in HYDIN-MUT patients. CONCLUSIONSHYDIN mutations are a potential predictive biomarker of ICIs efficacy in melanoma patients.
Aiming at maritime infrared target detection with low contrast influenced by maritime clutter and illumination, this paper proposes a Modified Histogram Equalization with Edge Fusion (MHEEF) ...pre-processing algorithm in backlight maritime scenes and establishes Local-Contrast Saliency Models with Double Scale and Modes (LCMDSM) for detecting a target with the properties of positive and negative contrast. We propose a local-contrast saliency mathematical model with double modes in the extension of only one mode. Then, the big scale and small scale are combined into one Target Detection Unit (TDU), which can approach the “from bottom to up” mechanism of the Visual Attention Model (VAM) better and identify the target with a suitable size, approaching the target’s actual shape. In the experimental results and analysis, clutter, foggy, backlight, and dim maritime scenes are chosen to verify the effectiveness of the target detection algorithm. From the enhancement result, the LCMDSM algorithm can achieve a Detection Rate (DR) with a value of 98.26% under each maritime scene on the average level and can be used in real-time detection with low computational cost.
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are secreted into body fluids by multiple cell types and are enriched in bioactive molecules, although their exact contents depend on the cells of ...origin. Studies have shown that exosomes in the tumor microenvironment affect tumor growth, metastasis and drug resistance by mediating intercellular communication and the transport of specific molecules, although their exact mechanisms of action need to be investigated further. In this review, we have summarized current knowledge on the relationship between tumor drug resistance and exosomes, and have discussed the potential applications of exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Key message
A total of 204,439 SSR markers were developed in diploid genomes, and 25 QTLs for shelling percentage were identified in a RIL population across 4 years including five consistent QTLs.
...Cultivated peanut (
Arachis hypogaea
L.) is an important grain legume providing edible oil and protein for human nutrition. Genome sequences of its diploid ancestors,
Arachis duranensis
and
A. ipaensis
, were reported, but their SSRs have not been well exploited and utilized hitherto. Shelling percentage is an important economic trait and its improvement has been one of the major objectives in peanut breeding programs. In this study, the genome sequences of
A. duranensis
and
A. ipaensis
were used to develop SSR markers, and a mapping population (Yuanza 9102 × Xuzhou 68-4) with 195 recombinant inbred lines was used to map QTLs controlling shelling percentage. The numbers of newly developed SSR markers were 84,383 and 120,056 in the
A. duranensis
and
A. ipaensis
genomes, respectively. Genotyping of the mapping population was conducted with both newly developed and previously reported markers. QTL analysis using the phenotyping data generated in Wuhan across four consecutive years and genotyping data of 830 mapped loci identified 25 QTLs with 4.46–17.01% of phenotypic variance explained in the four environments. Meta-analysis revealed five consistent QTLs that could be detected in at least two environments. Notably, the consistent QTL
cqSPA09
was detected in all four environments and explained 10.47–17.01% of the phenotypic variance. The segregation in the progeny of a residual heterozygous line confirmed that the
cpSPA09
locus had additive effect in increasing shelling percentage. These consistent and major QTL regions provide opportunity not only for further gene discovery, but also for the development of functional markers for breeding.
Magnesium borohydride, Mg(BH4)2, is ball-milled with Ti nano-particles. Such catalyzed Mg(BH4)2 releases more hydrogen than pristine Mg(BH4)2 does during isothermal dehydrogenation at 270, 280, and ...290 °C. The catalyzed Mg(BH4)2 also exhibits better dehydrogenation kinetics than the pristine Mg(BH4)2. Based on kinetics model fitting, the activation energy (Ea) of the catalyzed Mg(BH4)2 is calculated to be lower than pristine Mg(BH4)2. During partial dehydrogenation, the catalyzed Mg(BH4)2 releases 4.23 wt % (wt%) H2 for the second dehydrogenation at 270 °C, comparing to 4.05, and 3.75 wt% H2 at 280, and 290 °C. The reversibility of 4.23 wt% capacity is also one of the highest for Mg(BH4)2 dehydrogenation under mild conditions such as 270 °C as reported. 4 cycles of Mg(BH4)2 dehydrogenation are conducted at 270 °C. The capacities degrade during 4 cycles and tend to be stable at about 3.0 wt% for the last two cycles. By analyzing the hydrogen de/absorption products of the catalyzed sample, Mg(BH4)2 is found to be regenerated after rehydrogenation according to Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Ti nano-particles can react with Mg(BH4)2 during ball-milling and de/rehydrogenation. The products include TiH1.924, TiB, and TiB2, which can improve the dehydrogenation properties of Mg(BH4)2 from a multiple aspect.
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•The kinetics of Ti–Mg(BH4)2 is enhanced during partial dehydrogenation.•The partial reversibility of Ti–Mg(BH4)2 is improved under mild conditions.•The catalytic mechanism of Ti on the kinetics and reversibility is investigated.
•The raw materials are from waste materials, the preparation process is simple, economical and environmentally friendly.•The aerogel has strong mechanical properties, with a high compression modulus ...of 207.1 MPa.•The aerogel can maintain stable hydrophobicity and adsorption capacity in different pH environments.•the prepared aerogel is able to adsorb many kinds of organic reagents with good cyclic stability.•The aerogel is capable of continuous separation of oil–water emulsion, and the emulsion separation efficiency is 99.63%.
With the development of our society, plastic pollution is becoming more and more prominent. It is attractive and challenging to recycle plastic wastes to prepare valuable products at low cost. In this study, we report a unique strategy to obtain hydrophobic and super robust aerogels from polycarbonate wastes: (1) 4,4-diaminodibenzomethane is used to decompose polycarbonate (PC) waste, (2) the degradation product is compounded with organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) to gel up through sol–gel transition, (3) solvent exchange and ambient-drying are performed to obtain the final aerogel samples. The addition of OMMT not only promotes the ring opening of the oxazine rings in the polymer matrix and the gelation rate of the system, but also strengthen the prepared aerogels due to the formation of stronger honeycomb network structure as a result of hydrogen bonding between OMMT and polymer matrix. The resulting aerogels can withstand up to 46,000 times its own weight and exhibits superb hydrophobic properties with contact angle up to 146.2°, as well as being suitable for use in a wide range of pH values. Besides, the aerogels possess good capacity for continuous oil–water separation, whose oil absorption performance does not deteriorate perceptibly after 50 cycles of oil absorption and degreasing. The aerogel obtained by this simple method not only has superb mechanical properties, hydrophobic properties, and oil–water emulsion separation, but also has many potential industrial applications and, most importantly, solves the waste disposal dilemma.
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