Aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries (ARZIBs) is considered one of the most compelling candidates for grid-scale energy storage owing to their cost effectiveness, good safety, eco-friendliness, ...high output voltage, and high capacity. However, their practical applications are still largely limited by the undesirable cyclability and high-rate capability. Here, we report a discovery that using a small amount (2 vol%) of diethyl ether (Et2O) as the electrolyte additive could largely improve the performance of Zn–MnO2 batteries. The addition of Et2O yielded the first cycle coulombic efficiency of 95.6% at 50 mA/g, a high capacity of 115.9 mAh/g at 5 A/g and 97.7% retention of initial capacity after 4000 cycles, demonstrating an outstanding rate capability and cycling performance among the reported Mn-based zinc ions batteries in mild electrolyte. Ex-situ characterizations revealed that appropriate amount of Et2O molecules could effectively suppress the formation of Zn dendrites on Zn anode, which is the main mechanism for cyclability improvements.
Aqueous Zn–MnO2battery with 2 vol% diethyl ether (Et2O) electrolyte additive exhibited significantly improved cycling stability, especially at high rates. The improvement was attribute to the effective suppression of dendrite formation on Zn metal anodes. Display omitted
•Et2O as electrolyte additive successfully improves the coulombic efficiency of Zn–MnO2 battery.•A high capacity retention of 97.7% of the Zn–MnO2 with Et2O is achieved after 4000 cycles at 5 A/g.•The Zn–Zn symmetrical battery with Et2O electrolyte additive sustains for over 250 h at 0.2 mA/cm2.•The highly-polarized Et2O molecules preferably adsorb on Zn extrusions, suppressing dendrite formation.
Highlights
Recent progress of the calcium-based nanomaterials-mediated cancer diagnosis and therapy were summarized.
Main challenges and clinical translation prospects of calcium-based nanomaterials ...were discussed.
As the indispensable second cellular messenger, calcium signaling is involved in the regulation of almost all physiological processes by activating specific target proteins. The importance of calcium ions (Ca
2+
) makes its “Janus nature” strictly regulated by its concentration. Abnormal regulation of calcium signals may cause some diseases; however, artificial regulation of calcium homeostasis in local lesions may also play a therapeutic role. “Calcium overload,” for example, is characterized by excessive enrichment of intracellular Ca
2+
, which irreversibly switches calcium signaling from “positive regulation” to “reverse destruction,” leading to cell death. However, this undesirable death could be defined as “calcicoptosis” to offer a novel approach for cancer treatment. Indeed, Ca
2+
is involved in various cancer diagnostic and therapeutic events, including calcium overload-induced calcium homeostasis disorder, calcium channels dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium-associated immunoregulation, cell/vascular/tumor calcification, and calcification-mediated CT imaging. In parallel, the development of multifunctional calcium-based nanomaterials (
e.g.
, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, calcium peroxide, and hydroxyapatite) is becoming abundantly available. This review will highlight the latest insights of the calcium-based nanomaterials, explain their application, and provide novel perspective. Identifying and characterizing new patterns of calcium-dependent signaling and exploiting the disease element linkage offer additional translational opportunities for cancer theranostics.
Poor oral health has been linked with an increased risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We investigated whether alteration of oral microbiota is associated with ESCC risk. Fasting ...saliva samples were collected from 87 incident and histopathologicallly diagnosed ESCC cases, 63 subjects with dysplasia and 85 healthy controls. All subjects were also interviewed with a questionnaire. V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA was amplified and sequenced by 454-pyrosequencing platform. Carriage of each genus was compared by means of multivariate-adjusted odds ratios derived from logistic regression model. Relative abundance was compared using Metastats method. Beta diversity was estimated using Unifrac and weighted Unifrac distances. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) was applied to ordinate dissimilarity matrices. Multinomial logistic regression was used to compare the coordinates between different groups. ESCC subjects had an overall decreased microbial diversity compared to control and dysplasia subjects (P<0.001). Decreased carriage of genera Lautropia, Bulleidia, Catonella, Corynebacterium, Moryella, Peptococcus and Cardiobacterium were found in ESCC subjects compared to non-ESCC subjects. Multinomial logistic regression analyses on PCoA coordinates also revealed that ESCC subjects had significantly different levels for several coordinates compared to non-ESCC subjects. In conclusion, we observed a correlation between altered salivary bacterial microbiota and ESCC risk. The results of our study on the saliva microbiome are of particular interest as it reflects the shift in microbial communities. Further studies are warranted to verify this finding, and if being verified, to explore the underlying mechanisms.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Nanolattices exhibit attractive mechanical properties such as high strength, high specific strength, and high energy absorption. However, at present, such materials cannot achieve effective fusion of ...the above properties and scalable production, which hinders their applications in energy conversion and other fields. Herein, we report gold and copper quasi-body centered cubic (quasi-BCC) nanolattices with the diameter of the nanobeams as small as 34 nm. We show that the compressive yield strengths of quasi-BCC nanolattices even exceed those of their bulk counterparts, despite their relative densities below 0.5. Simultaneously, these quasi-BCC nanolattices exhibit ultrahigh energy absorption capacities, i.e., 100 ± 6 MJ m
for gold quasi-BCC nanolattice and 110 ± 10 MJ m
for copper quasi-BCC nanolattice. Finite element simulations and theoretical calculations reveal that the deformation of quasi-BCC nanolattice is dominated by nanobeam bending. And the anomalous energy absorption capacities substantially stem from the synergy of the naturally high mechanical strength and plasticity of metals, the size reduction-induced mechanical enhancement, and the quasi-BCC nanolattice architecture. Since the sample size can be scaled up to macroscale at high efficiency and affordable cost, the quasi-BCC nanolattices with ultrahigh energy absorption capacity reported in this work may find great potentials in heat transfer, electric conduction, catalysis applications.
Cerebral hemorrhage is a series of devastating cerebrovascular diseases with high mortality, morbidity and recurrence rate. Localized and systemic immuno-reactions are involved. Aggregation of ...immunocytes, which were both recruited from the peripheral circulation and resident in the central nervous system, is induced and activated by hematoma-related blood components. Subsequently, various cytokines, chemokines, free radicals and toxic chemicals are secreted to participant host defense responses. Among these, neuro-inflammation plays critical roles in both the pathologic processes of secondary injuries and recovery of neural damages. Numerous treatment strategies have been proposed, aiming at controlling the balance between anti- and proinflammation. Here, we summarized our current understanding and potential clinical applications for cytokines of the interleukin family in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic stroke. In addition, we conducted protein-protein network, gene ontology and KEGG analysis on the interleukins using online bioinformatic tools to further elaborate the comprehensive mechanisms of interleukins in cerebral hemorrhage.
Human cancers, including breast cancers, comprise clones differing in mutation content. Clones evolve dynamically in space and time following principles of Darwinian evolution, underpinning important ...emergent features such as drug resistance and metastasis. Human breast cancer xenoengraftment is used as a means of capturing and studying tumour biology, and breast tumour xenografts are generally assumed to be reasonable models of the originating tumours. However, the consequences and reproducibility of engraftment and propagation on the genomic clonal architecture of tumours have not been systematically examined at single-cell resolution. Here we show, using deep-genome and single-cell sequencing methods, the clonal dynamics of initial engraftment and subsequent serial propagation of primary and metastatic human breast cancers in immunodeficient mice. In all 15 cases examined, clonal selection on engraftment was observed in both primary and metastatic breast tumours, varying in degree from extreme selective engraftment of minor (<5% of starting population) clones to moderate, polyclonal engraftment. Furthermore, ongoing clonal dynamics during serial passaging is a feature of tumours experiencing modest initial selection. Through single-cell sequencing, we show that major mutation clusters estimated from tumour population sequencing relate predictably to the most abundant clonal genotypes, even in clonally complex and rapidly evolving cases. Finally, we show that similar clonal expansion patterns can emerge in independent grafts of the same starting tumour population, indicating that genomic aberrations can be reproducible determinants of evolutionary trajectories. Our results show that measurement of genomically defined clonal population dynamics will be highly informative for functional studies using patient-derived breast cancer xenoengraftment.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The proton, as the cationic form of the lightest element-H, is regarded as most ideal charge carrier in “rocking chair” batteries. However, current research on proton batteries is still at its ...infancy, and they usually deliver low capacity and suffer from severe acidic corrosion. Herein, electrochemically activated metallic H1.75MoO3 nanobelts are developed as a stable electrode for proton storage. The electrochemically pre-intercalated protons not only bond directly with the terminal O3 site via strong O–H bonds but also interact with the oxygens within the adjacent layers through hydrogen bonding, forming a hydrogen-bonding network in H1.75MoO3 nanobelts and enabling a diffusion-free Grotthuss mechanism as a result of its ultralow activation energy of ∼0.02 eV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported inorganic electrode exhibiting Grotthuss mechanism-based proton storage. Additionally, the proton intercalation into MoO3 with formation of H1.75MoO3 induces strong Jahn–Teller electron–phonon coupling, rendering a metallic state. As a consequence, the H1.75MoO3 shows an outstanding fast charging performance and maintains a capacity of 111 mAh/g at 2500 C, largely outperforming the state-of-art battery electrodes. More importantly, a symmetric proton ion full cell based on H1.75MoO3 was assembled and delivered an energy density of 14.7 Wh/kg at an ultrahigh power density of 12.7 kW/kg, which outperforms those of fast charging supercapacitors and lead-acid batteries.
Under cell stress, global protein synthesis is inhibited to preserve energy. One mechanism is to sequester and silence mRNAs in ribonucleoprotein complexes known as stress granules (SGs), which ...contain translationally silent mRNAs, preinitiation factors, and RNA-binding proteins. Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) localizes to SGs, but its role in SG biology is unknown. We now report that YB-1 directly binds to and translationally activates the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of G3BP1 mRNAs, thereby controlling the availability of the G3BP1 SG nucleator for SG assembly. YB-1 inactivation in human sarcoma cells dramatically reduces G3BP1 and SG formation in vitro. YB-1 and G3BP1 expression are highly correlated in human sarcomas, and elevated G3BP1 expression correlates with poor survival. Finally, G3BP1 down-regulation in sarcoma xenografts prevents in vivo SG formation and tumor invasion, and completely blocks lung metastasis in mouse models. Together, these findings demonstrate a critical role for YB-1 in SG formation through translational activation of G3BP1, and highlight novel functions for SGs in tumor progression.
► Tribological properties of surface textured WC/Co cemented carbide were studied. ► Textured surfaces have better performance of antifriction and antiwear. ► Area density of textures has significant ...effect on tribological performance.
An experimental study was carried out to investigate the tribological properties of different surface textured WC/Co cemented carbide. The influence of applied load, sliding speed and area density of textures on frictional performance of surface textured patterns was investigated by Taguchi method. Results show that the textured surfaces filled with molybdenum disulfide solid lubricants can reduce the average friction coefficient, wear rates of Ti–6Al–4V alloy balls and adhesion of Ti–6Al–4V alloy materials on the worn track of cemented carbide compared with un-textured ones. Variance analysis of the experimental data indicates that the area density of textures plays major contribution of both average friction coefficient and wear rate of Ti–6Al–4V alloy balls. Higher area density of textures is beneficial to improve tribological performance of the cemented carbide samples. Sliding speed seems to have no effect on the tribological performance of textured surfaces within the reliability interval of 90%. Applied load has effect on both average friction coefficient and wear rate of Ti–6Al–4V alloy balls at the reliability interval of 95%.
•An indirect method to calibrate a reference electrode.•Three methods to determine Li+/Li electrode potential.•Determination of AgCl/Ag electrode potential versus Cl2/Cl−.•Applicability in fluoride ...melts.
In this work, an innovative method was utilized to determine the AgCl(1% mol)/Ag reference electrode potential versus Cl2/Cl− at 673 K. Instead of directly measuring the chlorine electrode potential, the AgCl(1% mol)/Ag electrode potential versus Cl2/Cl− was calculated from the decomposition voltage of LiCl and the equilibrium potential of Li+/Li versus AgCl(1% mol)/Ag in a LiCl-KCl melt. The decomposition voltage of LiCl in the LiCl-KCl melt was calculated using the Nernst equation and the equilibrium potential of Li+/Li was determined by chronopotentiometry, open circuit chronopotentiometry and potentiodynamic scan techniques, and the deviation is within 5 mV. The AgCl(1% mol)/Ag electrode potential was determined to be −1.130 V vs Cl2/Cl− at 673 K. Since it does not involve direct injection of chlorine gas, this method is more convenient and safer than existing approaches. Furthermore, it also has the potential to be used to calibrate reference electrodes in a variety of melts.
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