Disulfide bond formation is catalyzed by the protein disulfide Isomerases (PDI) family. This is a critical step in protein folding which occurs within the endoplasmic reticulum. PDIA4, as a member of ...the PDI family, can cause the adjustment of αIIβ 3 affinities which activate platelet and promote thrombosis formation. Endoplasmic reticulum response is triggered by accumulation of abnormal folding proteins concomitant with increasing PDIA4 expression. Besides, current researches indicate that activated platelets and ERS response affect tumor progression. And PDIA4, as previous reported, also participates in tumor progression by affecting cell apoptosis and DNA repair machinery without specific mechanisms revealed.Therefore, PDI inhibitor might possess great potential value in against tumor progression. In this review, we summarize information on PDIA4 including its the basic characteristics and its implication on tumor.
Traditional superhydrophobic cotton fabrics (CF) demonstrate various advantages such as self-cleaning, water repelling and efficient oil/water separation capacity but limited practical applications ...due to their poor mechanical robustness and environmental durability. In this work, robust and durable superhydrophobic polydivinylbenzene (PDVB) coated CF (PDVB@CF) are fabricated via a simple one-step, fluorine-free, and inorganic nanoparticle-free solvothermal method. The PDVB@CF displays excellent chemical resistance without losing superhydrophobicity after immersing in various organic solvents, strong acid and alkali solutions for a long time. The PDVB@CF shows excellent mechanical robustness to resist sandpaper abrasion and ultrasonication treatment. Furthermore, the PDVB@CF exhibits outstanding high and low temperature resistances since the contact angle of either acidic or alkali droplets is greater than 150° after isothermal treatment at 200 °C or immersion in liquid nitrogen for 3 h. The PDVB@CF is very efficient in separating water mixtures with various oily compounds with separation efficiency of higher than 98% and flux up to 56 k L m
−2
h
−1
depending on characteristics of the oils. In addition, the PDVB@CF shows excellent recyclability with superhydrophobicity and separation efficiency that remained after 10 separation cycles. The PDVB@CF with excellent robustness and durability exhibits potential utility in oil/water separation even under some harsh conditions.
Due to the DNA repair defect, BRCA1/2 deficient tumor cells are more sensitive to PARP inhibitors (PARPi) through the mechanism of synthetic lethality. At present, several PAPRi targeting poly ...(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have been approved for ovarian cancer and breast cancer indications. However, PARPi resistance is ubiquitous in clinic. More than 40% BRCA1/2-deficient patients fail to respond to PARPi. In addition, lots of patients acquire PARPi resistance with prolonged oral administration of PARPi. Homologous recombination repair deficient (HRD), as an essential prerequisite of synthetic lethality, plays a vital role in killing tumor cells. Therefore, Homologous recombination repair restoration (HRR) becomes the predominant reason of PARPi resistance. Recently, it was reported that DNA replication fork protection also contributed to PARPi resistance in BRCA1/2-deficient cells and patients. Moreover, various factors, such as reversion mutations, epigenetic modification, restoration of ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) and pharmacological alteration lead to PARPi resistance as well. In this review, we reviewed the underlying mechanisms of PARP inhibitor resistance in detail and summarized the potential strategies to overcome PARPi resistance and increase PARPi sensitivity.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Biometric recognition technology based on eye-movement dynamics has been in development for more than ten years. Different visual tasks, feature extraction and feature recognition methods are ...proposed to improve the performance of eye movement biometric system. However, the correct identification and verification rates, especially in long-term experiments, as well as the effects of visual tasks and eye trackers' temporal and spatial resolution are still the foremost considerations in eye movement biometrics. With a focus on these issues, we proposed a new visual searching task for eye movement data collection and a new class of eye movement features for biometric recognition. In order to demonstrate the improvement of this visual searching task being used in eye movement biometrics, three other eye movement feature extraction methods were also tested on our eye movement datasets. Compared with the original results, all three methods yielded better results as expected. In addition, the biometric performance of these four feature extraction methods was also compared using the equal error rate (EER) and Rank-1 identification rate (Rank-1 IR), and the texture features introduced in this paper were ultimately shown to offer some advantages with regard to long-term stability and robustness over time and spatial precision. Finally, the results of different combinations of these methods with a score-level fusion method indicated that multi-biometric methods perform better in most cases.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a paradigm of the relation between tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor development. Here, we generate a single-cell atlas of the multicellular ...ecosystem of HCC from four tissue sites. We show the enrichment of central memory T cells (T
CM
) in the early tertiary lymphoid structures (E-TLSs) in HCC and assess the relationships between chronic HBV/HCV infection and T cell infiltration and exhaustion. We find the
MMP9
+
macrophages to be terminally differentiated tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and PPARγ to be the pivotal transcription factor driving their differentiation. We also characterize the heterogeneous subpopulations of malignant hepatocytes and their multifaceted functions in shaping the immune microenvironment of HCC. Finally, we identify seven microenvironment-based subtypes that can predict prognosis of HCC patients. Collectively, this large-scale atlas deepens our understanding of the HCC microenvironment, which might facilitate the development of new immune therapy strategies for this malignancy.
We report here a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method for detection of cell membrane binding proteins with high degree signal amplification carried out in an all-aqueous condition. Ultrahigh ...detection sensitivity was achieved for a membrane-based biosensing interface through the use of functional gold nanoparticles (AuNP) in combination with in situ atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reaction. Fusion of phosphatidylcholine vesicles on a calcinated SPR gold chip established a supported bilayer membrane in which cell receptor monosialoganglioside GM1 was embedded for capture of bacterial cholera toxin (CT). The surface-bound CT was recognized with biotinylated anti-CT, which was linked to the biotin-AuNP through an avidin bridge. The biotin-AuNP surface was functionalized with ATRP initiator that triggers localized growth of poly(hydroxyl-ethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) brush, contributing to marked SPR signal enhancement and quantitative measurement of CT at very low concentrations. The resulting polymer film has been characterized by optical and atomic force microscopy. A calibration curve for CT detection has been obtained displaying a response range from 6.3 × 10–16 to 6.3 × 10–8 M with a detection limit of 160 aM (equivalent to ∼9500 molecules in 100 μL sample solution). Sensitive detection of biomolecules in complex medium has been conducted with CT-spiked serum, and the detection limit can be effectively improved by 6 orders of magnitude compared to direct measurement in serum. The combined AuNP/ATRP method reported here opens new avenues for ultrasensitive detection of proteins on delicate sensor interfaces constructed by lipid membranes or cell membrane mimics.
Controllable synthesis of morphology and composition of functional material through a similar method is very necessary to understand the related properties. In this study, we report a facile ...solvothermal route to synthesize a series of bismuth oxyiodide compounds, including BiOI, Bi7O9I3, and Bi4O5I2 hierarchical microspheres, under relatively mild conditions through only adjusting the types of alcohols. It was found that the viscosity of alcohol played key roles in determining the morphologies and compositions of the final products. UV–visible diffuse-reflectance spectra and theoretic calculations indicated that bismuth oxyiodides with different ratios of Bi:O:I clearly possessed different light absorption and energy band structures. As a result, the as-synthesized BiOI, Bi7O9I3, and Bi4O5I2 hierarchical microspheres displayed morphology- and composition-dependent photocatalytic activities for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and colorless phenol under visible-light irradiation. On the basis of experimental results, the difference of photocatalytic activity of these bismuth oxyiodide compounds was discussed. Furthermore, hierarchical bismuth oxyiodide microspheres were also evaluated as adsorbents for removing phosphate from aqueous solution. The results showed that Bi7O9I3 and Bi4O5I2 hierarchical microspheres had good adsorption capabilities for phosphate in water because of their larger surface areas and hierarchical porous structures.
Stroke is a major cause of death and disability in adults. Conventional therapy (CT) has limited effectiveness, and therefore, various virtual reality (VR) rehabilitation programs have been designed. ...However, their efficacy in regaining motor function in patients with subacute stroke is questionable. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to determine the efficacy of VR, compared to CT, in restoring motor function in this patient population. Up to October 10, 2020, nine electronic databases were searched for relevant articles reporting the effectiveness of VR in regaining motor function in patients with subacute stroke. This search was updated on March 7, 2021, with no additional added articles. The control group included CT, physical therapy, occupational therapy, or a combination of them. Effectiveness is defined as the positive change from baseline values to the last follow-up point. The Cochrane's revised risk-of-bias tool was used to determine the quality of included trials. A metaregression analysis was conducted to determine the effect of “time since last stroke” on reported outcomes. Publication bias and sensitivity analyses were also carried out. A total of 19 studies (17 randomized controlled trials, 1 cohort study, and 1 crossover trial) were included in the qualitative analysis, whereas 16 trials were meta-analyzed. A great improvement in motor function was noted in the VR group, when compared to preintervention values standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.77–1.52;
I
2
= 82%;
P
< 0.001. When compared to CT, VR resulted in mild improvement in motor function (SMD = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.22–0.72;
I
2
= 75%;
P
< 0.001). However, upon trim-and-fill adjustment, this finding was deemed insignificant (SMD = 0.08; 95% CI = −0.16 to 0.33;
I
2
= 82.6%;
P
< 0.001). Ten studies had low risk, five had some concerns, three had high risk, and one had a moderate risk of bias. VR programs can be used jointly with CT for the rehabilitation of the motor function of patients with subacute stroke. However, more studies are still warranted to determine the effectiveness of these interventions in retaining the cognitive function and physical performance of such patients.
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