A multicomponent metallic glass (MG) with highly efficient and anomalous durability for catalyzing water splitting is reported. The outstanding performance of the MG catalyst contributed by ...self‐optimized active sites originates from the intrinsic chemical heterogeneity and selective dealloying on the disordered surface; thus, a new mechanism for improving the durability of catalysts is uncovered.
We propose a Michelson ultrasonic sensing system for detecting the acoustic emission generated by the partial discharge in power transformer. In order to guide the sensor head design in the sensing ...system for high sensitivity, a theoretical model is established to investigate the effects of the sensor head dimensions on the response sensitivity. After that, an optimized sensor head is designed. In the frequency range from 80 kHz to 200 kHz, whether the PZT sensor is installed in the oil or on the tank, the average response sensitivity of the proposed sensing system is higher than that of the conventional PZT system. When the distance between the sensor head and ultrasonic source is 300 mm in oil, the average detection limit of the Michelson ultrasonic sensing system is about 0.26 Pa, which is about 18.6% of that of the PZT system. Moreover, experiment results show that the detectable partial discharge initial voltage for the proposed optical system is 21.5% lower than that for the PZT system. The enhanced sensitivity makes the Michelson ultrasonic sensing system a potential method to detect the small defects in power transformer.
Highlights • Update on current understanding of the immunebiology of IL-35 and subunits (p35 and Ebi3). • IL-35 induces expansion of lymphocytes into regulatory B (135-Breg) and T (iTR35) cells. • ...Autologous i35-Breg is effective therapy for experimental uveitis. • IL-35 suppresses experimental autoimmune uveitis and collagen-induced arthritis.
Magnetic Weyl semimetal shows intriguing properties in both fundamental physics and potential applications. However, the complex relationship between nonreciprocal transmission and magnetic field ...manipulation in magnetic Weyl semimetal systems has not been generally clarified and fully utilized. Here, a universal Chirality–Wavevector–Magnetic field (C‐K‐B) relation is established in the magnetic Weyl semimetal system, which completely describes the spin topological band and its intrinsic polarization output in full space orientation under an arbitrary magnetic vector. This relation can provide complete guidance for the device design of nonreciprocal spin manipulation. Coupling this nonreciprocal mechanism with the photonic spin Hall effect of the geometric phased metasurface, a magnetic Weyl semimetal metasurface is constructed in the terahertz (THz) range, The experiments demonstrate the flexible THz beam steerings in a broad spatial dispersion range of ±25–±55° with four different working modes by only altering the biased magnetic vectors. Moreover, all these beam steering processes are accompanied by nonreciprocal isolating transmission with the isolation ratio reaching 27 dB. This C‐K‐B relation and active nonreciprocal beam steering devices are expected to prompt magneto‐optical devices and systems combined with echo isolation function in beam scanning, wavelength division multiplexing, and spin multiplexing.
A universal Chirality–Wavevector–Magnetic field (C–K–B) relation is introduced for the magnetized Weyl semimetal InSb, which not only enables a quantitative analysis of the topological transmission properties but also unveils the manipulating properties inherent in magnetized Weyl semimetal system. Based on this, a magnetized semimetal metasurface is demonstrated, realizing an intriguing four states nonreciprocal manipulation.
Interleukin-27 is constitutively secreted by microglia in the retina or brain, and upregulation of IL-27 during neuroinflammation suppresses encephalomyelitis and autoimmune uveitis. However, while ...IL-35 is structurally and functionally similar to IL-27, the intrinsic roles of IL-35 in CNS tissues are unknown. Thus, we generated IL-35/YFP-knock-in reporter mice (p35-KI) and demonstrated that photoreceptor neurons constitutively secrete IL-35, which might protect the retina from persistent low-grade inflammation that can impair photoreceptor functions. Furthermore, the p35-KI mouse, which is hemizygous at the il12a locus, develops more severe uveitis because of reduced IL-35 expression. Interestingly, onset and exacerbation of uveitis in p35-KI mice caused by extravasation of proinflammatory Th1/Th17 lymphocytes into the retina were preceded by a dramatic decrease of IL-35, attributable to massive death of photoreceptor cells. Thus, while inflammation-induced death of photoreceptors and loss of protective effects of IL-35 exacerbated uveitis, our data also suggest that constitutive production of IL-35 in the retina might have housekeeping functions that promote sterilization immunity in the neuroretina and maintain ocular immune privilege.
(MR) is rich in anthocyanins, and it has good anti-cancer, anti-aging, antioxidant, and antiviral effects. The proportion of disability and death caused by ischemic stroke gradually increased, ...becoming a major disease that is harmful to human health. However, research on effects of anthocyanin from MR on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is rare. In this study, we prepared eight purified anthocyanin extracts (PAEs) from different types of MR, and examined the amounts of total anthocyanin (TA) and cyanidin-3-
-glucoside (C-3-G). After one week of PAE treatment, the cerebral infarction volume, disease damage, and contents of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde were reduced, while the level of superoxide dismutase was increased in I/R mice. Altogether, our results show that Boqi¹ MR contained the most TA (22.07%) and C-3-G (21.28%), and that PAE isolated from Dongkui MR can protect the brain from I/R injury in mice, with the mechanism possibly related to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/ nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 protein (NLRP3) pathways.
Covalent organic framework nanosheets (COF NSs) provide well-ordered π–π structures that can be used to develop luminescent materials. However, most COF NSs have problems of weak luminescence and low ...fluorescence quantum yield. In this work, we prepared covalent organic framework nanosheets (Bpy-NSs) with good water dispersibility, nitrogen-rich functional groups, and regular pore structure. We explored the coordination of Bpy-NSs with Al3+ to eliminate the fluorescence quenching process caused by photoinduced electron transfer (PET). Thus, the fluorescence “turn-on” signal linearly increases with Al3+ concentration, achieving a 15.7-fold improved in fluorescence, and the absolute fluorescence quantum yield increased from 0.15 to 1.74%. Furthermore, this is the first COF fluorescence sensor that can be used for high sensitivity and selectivity detection of Al3+ in the aqueous phase. We anticipate that the expansion of metal ions coordination strategy in the aqueous phase will not only significantly enhance the fluorescence of COF NSs but also extend the functional range of COF NSs.
We proposed a strategy to synergistically enhance uranium capture capacity through photothermal desalination, and prepared a COF hydrogel (KTG) through a simple process for the first time. KTG with ...ideal broadband light absorption capacity could be used as an outstanding photothermal conversion material. Meanwhile, the built-in elastic honeycomb structure endowed the KTG with good mechanical properties and adequate water transport performance that accelerated the diffusion and mass transfer ability of uranyl. Under a simulated sunlight, the adsorption capacity, selectivity, adsorption rate and cycle capacity of uranium could be significantly improved. Moreover, benefiting from the outstanding photocatalytic performance, KTG exhibited a high anti-fouling activity against marine biological entities, thereby achieving long-term efficient uranium adsorption and solar desalination.
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•The first example of COF hydrogel for solar desalination and uranium recovery.•COF hydrogel for synergistically enhance uranium capture through photothermal desalination.•COF hydrogel shows a high evaporation rate and exceptional uranium recovery capacity.•COF hydrogel has high anti-biofouling activity and good reusability.
Capturing of uranium from the natural seawater is considered to be one of the most promising methods to meet the current demand for nuclear energy. Herein, we prepared a reduced graphene oxide-based (rGO-based) covalent organic framework hydrogel (KTG) with three-dimensional porous structure as a platform for enhancing uranium capture capacity through photothermal desalination. Under light irradiation, the KTG produces a local heat that can be used to generate steam while promoting the rapid diffusion of uranium inside the hydrogel 3D network, thereby increasing the adsorption efficiency and capacity of uranium. KTG can achieve exceptional uranium capture capacity (521.6 mg g−1) under one sun irradiation, which is 42.4% higher than that under dark conditions. In addition, excellent photocatalytic activity and mechanical properties make KTG possess high anti-biofouling activity, good reusability, and achieving continuous uranium capture and solar distillation.
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•High selectivity imidazole was introduced as linkage in varying degree hydroxylation covalent organic polymers.•Benefiting from the introduction of hydroxyl groups, the uranium ...adsorption capacities were largely enhanced.•The TpDAB endowed prominent selectivity towards multiple metal ions including vanadium.•The hydroxyl groups significantly influenced the uranium coordination mechanism of imidazole functional group.
Highly effective and reliable adsorbents for uranium extraction are vital significant for environmental protection and social development. Herein, inspired by the interaction between imidazole affinity ligand of histidine and uranium, a series of varying degree hydroxylation imidazole linked covalent organic polymers were developed for the first time via one step facile reaction without any post treatment between 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp), 2,4,6-triformylresorcinol (Bd), 2,4,6-triformylphenol (Hb) and 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB), denoted as TpDAB, BdDAB, and HbDAB, respectively. Benefiting from the hierarchical structure of the covalent organic polymer and synergistic effects originating from hydroxyl groups and imidazole linkages, TpDAB, BdDAB, and HbDAB displayed as the promising adsorbents for uranium extraction with high extraction ability and fast capture kinetics. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results revealed that both nitrogen atoms in imidazole and oxygen atom in hydroxyl took part in uranium coordination. With the increasing of hydroxyl group amounts, TpDAB achieved highest extraction capacity of uranium. Furthermore, TpDAB with imidazole affinity group possessed eminent selectivity for uranium in the multiple metal ions solution, and especiallyovercome the unavoidable problem of vanadium interfering with amidoxime adsorption uranium. This work provided a promising uranium extraction strategy with high selectivity and easy preparation for environmental protection and human health.
PM2.5 samples were collected at an urban site (WD) and a suburban site (TH) in Wuhan from August 2012 to July 2013. The mass concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions, carbonaceous species and ...elements of PM2.5 were measured. The annual mean concentrations of PM2.5 were 106.5μg/m3 and 114.9μg/m3 at WD and TH, respectively. The chemical compositions of PM2.5 at WD were similar to those at TH and the fractions of the major components of PM2.5 in Wuhan were in the following order of trace elements<chloride<EC (elemental carbon)<ammonium<nitrate<soil dust<sulfate<OM (organic matter). As the secondary ionic aerosols (SIA) and dominant ions, SO42−, NO3− and NH4+ all exhibited strong seasonal distributions, consistently with the lowest values in summer and the highest in winter. OM was the most abundant component in PM2.5, the lowest concentrations of which were observed in summer at both sites, while the highest concentrations of OC (organic carbon) appeared in winter at WD and autumn at TH, respectively. The highest OC concentration observed in autumn was tightly related to the biomass burning near the suburban site. The crustal elements (Mg, K, Ca and Fe) dominated the 20 detected elements in PM2.5, with the highest concentrations in spring in Wuhan, which might be due to frequent sandstorm from north carrying abundant soil dusts in spring in China. Ten trace elements (Cu, Ga, Ag, Tl, Ca, As, Zn, Pb, Se and Cd) were enriched in PM2.5 and the higher EF for Ag, Pb, Se and Cd in PM2.5 indicated that the air pollution from vehicle exhaust emission and coal burning in Wuhan was serious and noteworthy.
•PM2.5 is a pollutant of regional concern in Wuhan, Central China.•The mass concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions, carbonaceous species and elements of PM2.5 were measured.•The air pollution from vehicle exhaust emission and coal burning in Wuhan was serious and noteworthy.
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