Owing to its remarkable electrical, mechanical and thermal properties, graphene has been considered the most promising reinforcing filler for the development of rubber nanocomposites. In this work, a ...novel interfacial structure consisting of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazole sulfonamide (NS)/natural rubber (NR) (NR/NS-rGO) with covalent bond connections was fabricated using one-step modification and coprecipitation methods. When the filler loading of NS-rGO is 0.42 vol.%, not only the thermal conductivity of the rubber composite increases to 0.237 Wm
−1
K
−1
, which is 21.5% higher than that of pure NR; meanwhile, the internal heat generation decreases to 2.6 °C, which is 45.8% lower than that of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/ascorbic acid (VC)/natural rubber (NR) (NR/VC-rGO), and the mechanical properties have been greatly improved. The results demonstrated that the covalent bond connections greatly reduced interfacial thermal resistance at the filler/matrix interface. Furthermore, the enhanced interfacial interaction reduced frictional heat generation at the filler/matrix interface. More importantly, this strategy provided creative insights into the high application potential of graphene in the rubber industry.
The node of the first fruiting branch (NFFB) is an important precocious trait in cotton. Many studies have been conducted on the localization of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes related to ...fiber quality and yield, but there has been little attention to traits related to early maturity, especially the NFFB, in cotton.
To identify the QTL associated with the NFFB in cotton, a BC
F
population comprising 278 individual plants was constructed. The parents and two DNA bulks for high and low NFFB were whole genome sequenced, and 243.8 Gb of clean nucleotide data were generated. A total of 449,302 polymorphic SNPs and 135,353 Indels between two bulks were identified for QTL-seq. Seventeen QTLs were detected and localized on 11 chromosomes in the cotton genome, among which two QTLs (qNFFB-Dt2-1 and qNFFB-Dt3-3) were located in hotspots. Two candidate genes (GhAPL and GhHDA5) related to the NFFB were identified using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments in this study. Both genes exhibited higher expression levels in the early-maturing cotton material RIL182 during flower bud differentiation, and the silencing of GhAPL and GhHDA5 delayed the flowering time and increased the NFFB compared to those of VA plants in cotton.
Our study preliminarily found that GhAPL and GhHDA5 are related to the early maturity in cotton. The findings provide a basis for the further functional verification of candidate genes related to the NFFB and contribute to the study of early maturity in cotton.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The K
efflux antiporter (KEA) mediates intracellular K
and H
homeostasis to improve salt tolerance in plants. However, the knowledge of KEA gene family in cotton is largely absent. In the present ...study, 8, 8, 15, and 16 putative KEA genes were identified in
,
,
, and
, respectively. These KEA genes were classified into three subfamilies, and members from the same subfamilies showed similar motif compositions and gene structure characteristics. Some hormone response elements and stress response elements were identified in the upstream 2000 bp sequence of
. Transcriptome data showed that most of the
were highly expressed in roots and stems. The quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results showed that most of the
responded to low potassium, salt and drought stresses. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments demonstrated that under salt stress, after silencing genes
and
, the chlorophyll content, proline content, soluble sugar content, peroxidase (POD) activity and catalase (CAT) activity were significantly decreased, and the Na
/K
ratio was extremely significantly increased in leaves, leading to greater salt sensitivity. Under high potassium stress, cotton plants silenced for the
could still maintain a more stable Na
and K
balance, and the activity of transporting potassium ions from roots into leaves was reduced silenced for
. Under low potassium stress, silencing the
increased the activity of transporting potassium ions to shoots, and silencing the
increased the ability of absorbing potassium ions, but accumulated more Na
in leaves. These results provided a basis for further studies on the biological roles of KEA genes in cotton development and adaptation to stress conditions.
Valine-glutamine (VQ) motif-containing proteins play important roles in plant growth, development and abiotic stress response. For many plant species, the VQ genes have been identified and their ...functions have been described. However, little is known about the origin, evolution, and functions (and underlying mechanisms) of the VQ family genes in cotton.
In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the characteristics of 268 VQ genes from four Gossypium genomes and found that the VQ proteins evolved into 10 clades, and each clade had a similar structural and conservative motif. The expansion of the VQ gene was mainly through segmental duplication, followed by dispersal. Expression analysis revealed that many GhVQs might play important roles in response to salt and drought stress, and GhVQ18 and GhVQ84 were highly expressed under PEG and salt stress. Further analysis showed that GhVQs were co-expressed with GhWRKY transcription factors (TFs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) could hybridize to their cis-regulatory elements.
The results in this study broaden our understanding of the VQ gene family in plants, and the analysis of the structure, conserved elements, and expression patterns of the VQs provide a solid foundation for exploring their specific functions in cotton responding to abiotic stresses. Our study provides significant insight into the potential functions of VQ genes in cotton.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Multiple C2 domains and transmembrane region proteins (MCTPs) may act as transport mediators of other regulators. Although increased number of MCTPs in higher plants implies their diverse and ...specific functions in plant growth and development, only a few plant MCTPs have been studied and no study on the MCTPs in cotton has been reported.
In this study, we identified 31 MCTPs in G. hirsutum, which were classified into five subfamilies according to the phylogenetic analysis. GhMCTPs from subfamily V exhibited isoelectric points (pIs) less than 7, whereas GhMCTPs from subfamily I, II, III and IV exhibited pIs more than 7.5, implying their distinct biological functions. In addition, GhMCTPs within subfamily III, IV and V exhibited more diverse physicochemical properties, domain architectures and expression patterns than GhMCTPs within subfamily I and II, suggesting that GhMCTPs within subfamily III, IV and V diverged to perform more diverse and specific functions. Analyses of conserved motifs and pIs indicated that the N-terminus was more divergent than the C-terminus and GhMCTPs' functional divergence might be mainly contributed by the N-terminus. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid assay indicated that the N-terminus was responsible to interact with target proteins. Phylogenetic analysis classified multiple N-terminal C2 domains into four subclades, suggesting that these C2 domains performed different molecular functions in mediating the transport of target proteins.
Our systematic characterization of MCTPs in G. hirsutum will provide helpful information to further research GhMCTPs' molecular roles in mediating other regulators' transport to coordinate growth and development of various cotton tissues.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
FeNi/rGO nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by a facile one-pot method and demonstrated via powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the scanning ...electron microscope. The electromagnetic wave absorption properties of the FeNi/rGO nanocomposites exhibit enhanced properties and wide absorption bandwidth compared with that of FeNi alloys. The minimum reflection loss of FeNi/rGO nanocomposites with a thickness of 3.0 mm can reach − 39.86 dB at 11.12 GHz, and the absorption bandwidth is up to 4 GHz. It is believed that the FeNi/rGO nanocomposites can be a best candidate for excellent electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials and widely used in practice.
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyze histone deacetylation and suppress gene transcription during various cellular processes. Within the superfamily of HDACs, RPD3/HDA1-type HDACs are the most ...studied, and it is reported that RPD3 genes play crucial roles in plant growth and physiological processes. However, there is a lack of systematic research on the RPD3/HDA1 gene family in cotton.
In this study, genome-wide analysis identified 9, 9, 18, and 18 RPD3 genes in Gossypium raimondii, G. arboreum, G. hirsutum, and G. barbadense, respectively. This gene family was divided into 4 subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis. The exon-intron structure and conserved motif analysis revealed high conservation in each branch of the cotton RPD3 genes. Collinearity analysis indicated that segmental duplication was the primary driving force during the expansion of the RPD3 gene family in cotton. There was at least one presumed cis-element related to plant hormones in the promoter regions of all GhRPD3 genes, especially MeJA- and ABA-responsive elements, which have more members than other hormone-relevant elements. The expression patterns showed that most GhRPD3 genes had relatively high expression levels in floral organs and performed higher expression in early-maturity cotton compared with late-maturity cotton during flower bud differentiation. In addition, the expression of GhRPD3 genes could be significantly induced by one or more abiotic stresses as well as exogenous application of MeJA or ABA.
Our findings reveal that GhRPD3 genes may be involved in flower bud differentiation and resistance to abiotic stresses, which provides a basis for further functional verification of GhRPD3 genes in cotton development and a foundation for breeding better early-maturity cotton cultivars in the future.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The glycosyltransferase (GT) 47 family is involved in the biosynthesis of xylose, pectin and xyloglucan and plays a significant role in maintaining the normal morphology of the plant cell wall. ...However, the functions of GT47s are less well known in cotton. In the present study, a total of 53, 53, 105 and 109 GT47 genes were detected by genome-wide identification in
Gossypium arboreum
,
G. raimondii
,
G. hirsutum
and
G. barbadense
, respectively. All the GT47s were classified into six major groups
via
phylogenetic analysis. The exon/intron structure and protein motifs indicated that each branch of the GT47 genes was highly conserved. Collinearity analysis showed that GT47 gene family expansion occurred in
Gossypium spp
. mainly through whole-genome duplication and that segmental duplication mainly promoted GT47 gene expansion within the A and D subgenomes. The Ka/Ks values suggested that the GT47 gene family has undergone purifying selection during the long-term evolutionary process. Transcriptomic data and qRT-PCR showed that GhGT47 genes exhibited different expression patterns in each tissue and during fiber development. Our results suggest that some genes in the GhGT47 family might be associated with fiber development and the abiotic stress response, which could promote further research involving functional analysis of GT47 genes in cotton.
With the growing challenges of modern electronics in heat dissipation, developing thermal management materials with high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation property remains an important ...issue for electronics. In this work, a novel three-dimensional network (3D) of boron nitride/reduced graphene oxide (BN/rGO) with covalent bond connections were fabricated by using the surface modification and ice-templated methods. The as-prepared boron nitride/reduced graphene oxide/nature rubber composites (BN/rGO/NR) possessed an enhanced through-plane thermal conductivity of 1.28 W m−1 K−1 and satisfactory electrical insulation at a low filler loading of 4.9 vol%. The results demonstrated that the covalent bond connections and three-dimensional networks of fillers greatly reduced the interfacial thermal resistance as well as phonon scatterings at the filler/filler and filler/matrix interface simultaneously. More importantly, this strategy provided a creative insight to the design of advanced thermal management materials and also presented a bright application prospect for next-generation electronic packing.
BN and rGO were connected by the covalent bonds through using the surface modified method. BN/rGO/NR composites were fabricated by the ice-templated and vacuum-assisted method. Display omitted
•Covalent bonded BN/CNTs improved the thermal conductivity of the composites.•The BN/CNTs/NR composites exhibited the sensitive thermal response.•The BN/CNTs/NR composites performed good mechanical ...property.
Owing to the rapid development of modern electronic devices, high through-plane thermal conductive thermal interface materials (TIMs) with satisfied electrical insulation property have become increasingly important in affecting the lifetime and reliability of electronics. Meanwhile, how to maximize the performance comprehensively over all aspects undoubtedly inspired the research interests. Here, BN/CNTs/NR composites were synthesized by the vacuum-assisted method and the highest thermal conductivity could reach 1.34 W m−1 K−1. The covalently bonded connections of BN/CNTs hybrids had a significant contribution for the thermal conductivity by reducing the filler/filler interfacial thermal resistance and phonon scatterings. In addition, the sensitive response ability of thermal and satisfactory electrical insulation further demonstrated its strong potential practicality in TIMs. More importantly, this approach opened up a novel way to design TIMs and showed promising applications in the modern electronic devices.
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