Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) is a promising single-reactor biological nitrogen-removal method. Activated sludge with and without iron scrap supplementation (Sludge-Fe and ...Sludge-C, respectively) was acclimated under aerobic condition. The total nitrogen (TN) content of Sludge-Fe substantially decreased from 25.0 ± 1.0 to 11.2 ± 0.4 mg/L, but Sludge-C did not show the TN-removal capacity. Further investigations excluded a chemical reduction of NO3 –-N by iron and a decrease of NH4 +-N by microbial assimilation, and the contribution of SND was verified. Moreover, the amount of aerobic denitrifiers, such as bacteria belonging to the genera Thauera, Thermomonas, Rhodobacter, and Hyphomicrobium, was considerably enhanced, as observed through Miseq Illumina sequencing method. The activities of the key enzymes ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) and nitrite oxidoreductase (NXR), which are associated with nitrification, and periplasmic nitrate reductase (NAP) and nitrite reductase (NIR), which are related to denitrification, in Sludge-Fe were 1.23-, 1.53-, 3.60-, and 1.55-fold higher than those in Sludge-C, respectively. In Sludge-Fe, the quantity of the functional gene NapA encoding enzyme NAP, which is essential for aerobic denitrification, was significantly promoted. The findings indicate that SND is the primary mechanism underlying the removal of TN and that iron scrap can robustly stimulate SND under aerobic environment.
Abstract
DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine (5mC)) is critical for genome stability and transcriptional regulation in mammals. The discovery that ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins catalyze the ...oxidation of 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) revolutionized our perspective on the complexity and regulation of DNA modifications. However, to what extent the regulatory functions of TET1 can be attributed to its catalytic activity remains unclear. Here, we use genome engineering and quantitative multi-omics approaches to dissect the precise catalytic vs. non-catalytic functions of TET1 in murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Our study identifies TET1 as an essential interaction hub for multiple chromatin modifying complexes and a global regulator of histone modifications. Strikingly, we find that the majority of transcriptional regulation depends on non-catalytic functions of TET1. In particular, we show that TET1 is critical for the establishment of H3K9me3 and H4K20me3 at endogenous retroviral elements (ERVs) and their silencing that is independent of its canonical role in DNA demethylation. Furthermore, we provide evidence that this repression of ERVs depends on the interaction between TET1 and SIN3A. In summary, we demonstrate that the non-catalytic functions of TET1 are critical for regulation of gene expression and the silencing of endogenous retroviruses in mESCs.
Background
Multiple cerebral infarcts are usually secondary to cardiogenic embolism, particularly through atrial fibrillation (AF). The three-territory sign (TTS) is an imaging marker that reflects ...multiple cerebral lesions involving three vascular territories measured by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and the most common etiology is an underlying malignancy. Recent studies have shown that TTS is six times more frequently observed in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with malignancy than in those with AF-related AIS. However, the relevance of TTS to the prognosis of IS patients with malignancy remains unclear.
Methods
Over a 5-year period (May 2016 to 31 June 2021), AIS admissions with DWI were identified from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had malignancy or AF, resulting in a total of 80 patients with known malignancy (malignancy group) and 92 patients with AF (AF group). All DWI images were reviewed to determine the territory lesion count. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, together with radiographic examination data and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score within a year, were collected. The main outcome was the association between TTS and the prognosis of AIS patients with malignancy, analyzed by a multivariate logistic regression model.
Results
A total of 172 patients met the selection criteria, including 17 (21.3%) patients in the malignancy group and 8 (8.7%) patients in the AF group with TTS. Age and sex distributions were similar for AIS patients of malignancy and AF. The TTS was 2.4 times more likely to be observed in AIS patients with malignancy compared to AF-related IS patients. The univariate analysis showed that hypertension (OR = 1.137, 95%CI: 1.002–1.291), D-dimer (OR = 1.328, 95%CI: 1.022–1.726), fibrin degradation product (OR = 1.117, 95%CI: 1.010–1.236), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; OR = 1.007, 95%CI: 1.000–1.015) were the risk factors for the high mortality rate. Multivariate analysis showed that TTS was the independent risk factor for mortality in AIS patients with malignancy (adjusted OR: 6.866, 95% CI: 1.371–34.395).
Conclusion
TTS was more frequently observed in AIS patients with malignancy than AF-related AIS and substantially related to high poor outcome (mRS > 2) in AIS patients with malignancy, indicating diagnostic and prognostic value in malignancy-associated hypercoagulation stroke.
Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S)-responsive theranostic agents have attracted extensive attention due to their specificity for colon cancer. However, the development of such agents with high ...enrichment in tumors and excellent photothermal performance remains challenging. We prepared hyaluronic acid (HA)-coated Bi-doped cuprous oxide (Bi:Cu.sub.2O@HA) via a one-pot method. The HA specifically targets colon cancer tumor cells to improve the enrichment of Bi:Cu.sub.2O@HA at tumor sites, while the doped Bi both enhances the photothermal performance of the H.sub.2S-triggered Cu.sub.2O and serves as an agent for tumor imaging. The results in this work demonstrated that the Bi:Cu.sub.2O@HA nanoparticles exhibit good biocompatibility, target colon cancer tumor cells, facilitate computed tomography imaging, and enhanced H.sub.2S-responsive photothermal therapy performance, resulting in an excellent therapeutic effect in colon cancer. The novel Bi:Cu.sub.2O@HA nanoparticles exhibit excellent tumor targeting and photothermal therapeutic effects, which provide new strategies and insights for colon cancer therapy.
The effects of dynamic high-pressure microfluidization (DHPM at 400 MPa) and heat treatment (HT) on the microbial inactivation, quality parameters, and flavor components of not-from-concentrate (NFC) ...cucumber juice were investigated. Total aerobic bacteria, yeasts and molds were not detected in the 400 MPa-treated cucumber juice. Total phenolic content increased by 16.2% in the 400 MPa-treated cucumber juice compared to the control check (CK). The significant reduction in pulp particle size (volume peak decreasing from 100–1000 μm to 10–100 μm) and viscosity increased the stability of the cucumber juice while decreasing the fluid resistance during processing. HT decreased the ascorbic acid content by 25.9% (p < 0.05), while the decrease in ascorbic acid content was not significant after 400 MPa treatment. A total of 59 volatile aroma substances were identified by gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and a variety of characteristic aroma substances (i.e., valeraldehyde, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-nonenal, and (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, among others) were retained after treatment with 400 MPa. In this study, DHPM technology was innovatively applied to cucumber juice processing with the aim of providing a continuous non-thermal processing technology for the industrial production of cucumber juice. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the application of DHPM technology in cucumber juice production.
Sea buckthorn juice has high nutritional value and a rich flavor that consumers enjoy. Traditional sea buckthorn thermal processing (TP) technology has problems such as low juice yield, poor quality, ...and poor flavor. Sea buckthorn berries are processed using a technique combining pulsed electric field (PEF) and high-pressure processing (HPP) to increase juice yield and study its impact on the quality and volatile aroma of sea buckthorn juice. Results have show that, compared with TP, under the condition of PEF-HPP, the juice yield of sea buckthorn significantly increased by 11.37% (p > 0.05); TP and PEF-HPP treatments could effectively kill microorganisms in sea buckthorn juice, but the quality of sea buckthorn juice decreased significantly after TP treatment (p > 0.05), whereas PEF-HPP coupling technology could maximally retain the nutrients of sea buckthorn juice while inhibiting enzymatic browning to improve color, viscosity, and particle size. The flavor of sea buckthorn juice is analyzed using electronic nose (E-nose) and gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometer (GC–IMS) techniques, and it has been shown that PEF-HPP retains more characteristic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of sea buckthorn while avoiding the acrid and pungent flavors produced by TP, such as benzaldehyde, (E)-2-heptenal, and pentanoic acid, among others, which improves the sensory quality of sea buckthorn juice. PEF-HPP technology is environmentally friendly and efficient, with significant economic benefits. Research data provide information and a theoretical basis for the sea buckthorn juice processing industry.
It is one of the challenges to solve the power quality problems such as voltage fluctuation and voltage exceeding limit caused by the largescale grid connection of distributed photovoltaic (DPV). ...Considering the operation speed of voltage regulation control in distribution network, this paper proposes a voltage hierarchical control method based on multi-agent structure. The mathematical models of this method are divided into dualtime scale global optimization model and event-triggered voltage regional autonomy model, aiming at solving the problem of operation safety of voltage exceeding limit. The method is verified by a specific example. The results show that this method can respond quickly to the change of power grid voltage, and help to reduce the risk of voltage exceeding the limit, and improve the operation economy of distribution network.
Aberrant expression of the heat shock proteins and factors was revealed to be closely associated with male reproduction. Heat shock factor 2 (HSF2) is a transcription factor that is involved in the ...regulation of diverse developmental pathways. However, the role and the corresponding molecular mechanism of
in male cattle-yak sterility are still poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to obtain the sequence and the biological information of the cattle-yak
gene and to investigate the spatiotemporal expression profiles of the locus during the development of cattle-yak testes. Additionally, the differential expression was analyzed between the cattle-yak and the yak, and the methylation of corresponding promoter regions was compared. Our results showed an additional 54 bp fragment and a missense mutation (lysine to glutamic acid) were presented in the cattle-yak
gene, which correlated with enriched expression in testicular tissue. In addition, the expression of the
gene showed dynamic changes during the growth of the testes, reaching a peak in adulthood. The IHC indicated that HSF2 protein was primarily located in spermatocytes (PS), spermatogonia (SP), and Sertoli cells (SC) in cattle-yak testes, compared with the corresponding cells of cattle and the yak. Furthermore, bisulfite-sequencing PCR (BSP) revealed that the methylated CpG sites in the promoter region of the cattle-yak HSF2 were more numerous than in the yak counterpart, which suggests hypermethylation of this region in the cattle-yak. Taken together, the low expression abundance and hypermethylation of
may underpin the obstruction of spermatogenesis, which leads to male cattle-yak infertility. Our study provided a basic guideline for the
gene in male reproduction and a new insight into the mechanisms of male cattle-yak sterility.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
One common complication after joint arthroplasty is venous thromboembolism (VTE). Therefore, it is essential to measure the changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis in order to predict VTE among ...patients who underwent joint arthroplasty. This study aimed to identify potential useful biomarkers for prognosing to VTE. This was a prospective cohort study enrolling 83 patients who underwent joint arthroplasty. The levels of d-dimer, thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT), plasmin–α2-antiplasmin complex (PIC), soluble thrombomodulin, and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor complex were measured on day 0 (before surgery) and days 1, 3, and 6 after surgery. Ultrasound examination was used to diagnose VTE on preoperative day 0 and postoperative day 6. A total of 35 patients developed VTE after surgery. Patients with VTE exhibited significantly higher levels of d-dimer and TAT on postoperative days 3 and 6 (all P < .05). The area under curves (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were 0.65 and 0.68 and 0.68 and 0.74 for d-dimer and TAT levels on postoperative days 3 and 6, respectively. The level of TAT/PIC ratio on postoperative day 6 was significantly increased among patients with VTE compared to non-VTE patients (P < .0001). In addition, the AUC of ROC, cutoff level, sensitivity, specificity, positive-predictive value, and negative-predictive value of TAT/PIC ratio were 0.78, 4.03 ng/TU, 97.14%, 33.33%, 51.52%, and 94.12%, respectively. The high sensitivity and negative predictive value of TAT/PIC ratio make it a potential prognostic index for diagnosing VTE during the early phase of postoperative joint arthroplasty.
In order to further explore the effects of high salt intake on kidney of ordinary mice, C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated into normal control group (NC), 4% high salt intake group (4% group) and ...8% high salt intake group (8% group), which were fed with 0.5%NaCl normal diet, 4% or 8% high salt diet respectively. The renal function index, inflammatory factor secretion, pathological damage and fibrosis degree of mice from different groups were compared. The results indicated that high salt intake led to renal function injury in C57BL/6J mice. The contents of serum creatinine, serum urea nitrogen and urine Na were significantly increased, whereas the content of urine creatinine was significantly decreased. The 8% high salt diet showed further renal damage when compared to the 4% high salt diet, which include further decrease in urine creatinine and an increase in serum urea nitrogen. Compared with NC, 4% and 8% high salt intake also increased the secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α、IL-6 and IL-1β in kid
PDF
