Digitalization and Cyber Risks Khalin, V. G.; Chernova, G. V.
Upravlencheskoe konsulʹtirovanie,
08/2023
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Digitalization, considered in a broad sense as the most important modern trend of social development, is generally accompanied not only by positive consequences for the economy and society, but also ...by challenges, threats, as well as negative consequences of the implementation of these threats. Digitalization, considered in a narrow sense as the transformation of information of any kind into its digital form and involving the use of digital information, can also be described by challenges, threats, negative consequences and risks. Among the latter, a significant role is played by the risks of violating the security of digital information — cyber risks. Since they can have a negative impact on digitalization, considered both in a broad and narrow sense, there is a problem of allocating cyber risks and managing them in order to reduce possible losses and damage caused by the implementation of these cyber risks. The article defines the interrelationships of the concepts of digitalization, challenge, threat, negative consequence and risk; identifies the role and justifies the high importance of a cyber call as a requirement to ensure the security of digital information; determines the factors of influence on cyber risks; suggests a variant of building a cyber risk management program, the implementation of which will contribute to reducing the possible negative consequences of digitalization caused by a violation of the security of digital information.
The heat power system of the Siberian Federal District is almost coal-based: energy generation at coal-fired TPPs makes up 87.2%. But due to low reactivity of coals fed to the pulverized coal ...boilers, expensive high-reactive fuel oil is used to ignite and light the pulverized coal flame, which is a technological and economic problem. To increase the energy efficiency of flame burning of coal, an increase in their reactivity due to mechanochemical activation is considered using the technology developed at IT SB RAS. For several different coals, experimental studies on burning were carried out at a 5 MW pilot setup using mechanochemical activation of coal. These studies showed reliable ignition and stable access to the autothermal coal combustion, which indicates an increase in coal reactivity and the ability to replace fuel oil with coal.
The task of improving business performance always raises the problem of choosing the most effective ways to ensure it. The article is devoted to the substantiation of the business efficiency ...criterion, in accordance with the requirements of which those areas of business development that provide it with the greatest efficiency should be determined. The article puts forward and confirms the hypothesis that, according to the selected criterion the greatest efficiency can be provided not only by the variant of the simultaneous implementation of all possible directions for increasing efficiency, but also by the variant of their implementation in parts — in the form of sets of directions. The authors propose a model for the formation of an effective business, using Pareto optimality and implemented on the basis of two developed Algorithms, which is illustrated by a numerical example.
Five derivatives of neopentanoic acid hydrazide were studied and their physicochemical properties (solubility, protolytic equilibria, hydrolytic stability), which determine the possibility of using ...reagents in the flotation processes of concentrating non-ferrous metals, were characterized. The composition of the complex compounds of the reagents with Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) in solutions was found, their instability constants were calculated, as well as the solubility products of the preparatively isolated and identified complexes. The fundamental possibility of employing reagents as collectors is shown on the example of flotation of sulfide copper-nickel and copper ores.
was to study the effect of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine malate (Ethoxidol) on the concentration of oxidative stress metabolites in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and hypertension.
...126 patients with FC I-III CHF have been examined. In addition to their individual therapy these patients received intravenous infusions of Ethoxidol. Blood content of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), oxygen tension (рО
), pH, concentration of total peroxides, lactate, and aldosterone were identified. 2,3-DPG levels (g/L erythrocytes) in whole blood samples were determined by an enzyme assay using the reagent kit (Rosh, Germany), values of рО
, рСО
, рН, lactate in the venous blood were measured using gas analyzer Stat Profil pHOx Ultra (Nova Biomedical, USA). Indices of oxidative stress, i.e. the concentration of plasma total peroxides, were investigated by ELISA using OxyStat kit (Biomedica, Austria). Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from all patients before and 6 days after the daily intravenous Ethoxidol infusion.
In patients with FC I, II, III CHF, on day 7 after intravenous Ethoxidol infusion at a dose of 100 mg/day, statistically significant growth (p=0.0002) of PaO
level by 15.7, 17.4, and 22.8%, respectively, was noted. In patients with FC I, II, III CHF in the group receiving standard therapy, statistically significant (p=0.002) reduction of 2,3-DPG level by 2.7, 2.4, and 4.0%, respectively, was registered. On day 7 after the infusion of Ethoxidol at a dose of 100 mg/day, its decrease by 5.7, 10.5, and 26.2%, respectively (p<0.0001), was also observed.
The increased concentrations of active oxygen forms have been established to negatively affect various bodily functions and adversely influence the pathophysiology of numerous diseases. Application of antioxidants, including Ethoxidol presented by us in this article, may become a clue to the development of preventive measures for many serious diseases.
Tighter competition of any economic entities leads to the use of such a mechanism to combat it as economic convergence — the rapprochement of the activities of various economic entities, aimed at ...increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of its participants. At the same time, the most important modern trend in social development is digitalization, which also has an impact on convergence processes in the economy. Disclosure of the impact of digitalization on convergence processes includes consideration of the stages of development of digitalization, levels of convergence, their relationship, as well as identifying the directions and results of the impact of the last stage of digitalization on modern economic convergence. The results of the study are the identified parameters of economic convergence and their content, the disclosure of the business model characteristics of entrepreneurial activity within the framework of modern economic convergence, the possibilities of joint business implemented by intersectoral convergence, as well as the prerequisites of joint business due to the influence of the digitalization factor on all these processes. Keywords: economic convergence, convergence parameters, digitalization, business model of entrepreneurial activity within the framework of intersectoral economic convergence, prerequisites for the effectiveness of joint business.
It is established experimentally that noticeable changes in the
I
–
V
characteristics and low-frequency noise in 4
H
-SiC
pin
diodes irradiated by electrons with an energy of 0.9 MeV are observed ...after doses of Φ ≥ 1.4 × 10
15
cm
–2
. The currents in the forward and reverse branches of the
I
–
V
characteristics vary nonmonotonically at voltages lower than 2 V with increasing dose, which is explained by the interaction between the excited electronic subsystem and metastable defects. In this case, a steady increase in the ideality factor and the series resistance of diodes in the region of exponential growth of the
I
–
V
characteristics at voltages exceeding 2 V is observed. The reliable operation of microwave devices with low-noise 4
H
-SiC
pin
diodes under conditions of electron irradiation is possible up to a cumulative dose of Φ ≤ 10
15
cm
–2
. In microwave devices, the level of low-frequency noise in which is irrelevant but the stabile regime of parameters is of importance, the dose can be increased to Φ ≈ 8 × 10
15
cm
–2
.
This paper describes the influence of mechanical activation of coals on ignition and thermal-oxidative degradation using two independent methods: thermogravimetric analysis and ignition of a coal ...suspension in a vertical pipe furnace. It is determined that the ignition temperature of mechanically activated coals decreases and that mechanical activation affects the further process of thermal-oxidative degradation.
This work uses a high-frequency electrochemical ignition device that generates high-frequency cold plasma arcs that ionize the oxidizer, which contributes to the multiple acceleration of ...thermochemical transformations of carbon-containing solid fuels and wastes, and, consequently, to a more complete rapid burning out of the torch. Coal fuel research was carried out at the CDPP-2 station in the city of Ekibastuz, and experiments were conducted on the ignition and combustion of coal fuels using a high-frequency electrochemical ignition device. After the coal fuel was supplied to the street swirler, the combustion chamber was heated for 4 minutes, after reaching 500 ° C, the coal burned in the autothermal regime. These results will be used to design a pilot burner at the station in Ekibastuz, Kazakhstan.
To increase the energy efficiency of coal flaring, a technology with mechanochemical activation of coal by the mills is being developed at the Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS. The technology is ...aimed at increasing coal reactivity and can be used to replace high-reactive expensive and difficult-to-obtain fuel oil for ignition and lighting of pulverized coal boilers of thermal power plants (TPP) using mechanically activated microground coal. A technique for assessing the technical and economic efficiency of using the technology of mechanically activated microground coal is suggested. The investment attractiveness of replacing fuel oil ignition and lighting with mechanically activated microground coal on a number of pulverized coal boilers of thermal power plants of Siberia is presented.
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