Respirology and family medicine Lam, David Chi‐Leung
Respirology (Carlton, Vic.),
January 2024, 2024-Jan, 2024-01-00, 20240101, Letnik:
29, Številka:
1
Journal Article
How I see and read A.P.S.R.? Lam, David Chi‐Leung
Respirology (Carlton, Vic.),
January 2023, 2023-Jan, 2023-01-00, 20230101, Letnik:
28, Številka:
1
Journal Article
World Lung Day 2022—Lung health for all Lam, David Chi‐Leung
Respirology (Carlton, Vic.),
October 2022, 2022-10-00, 20221001, Letnik:
27, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Antiviral activities of whey proteins Ng, Tzi Bun; Cheung, Randy Chi Fai; Wong, Jack Ho ...
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,
09/2015, Letnik:
99, Številka:
17
Journal Article, Book Review
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Milk contains an array of proteins with useful bioactivities. Many milk proteins encompassing native or chemically modified casein, lactoferrin, alpha-lactalbumin, and beta-lactoglobulin demonstrated ...antiviral activities. Casein and alpha-lactalbumin gained anti-HIV activity after modification with 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride. Many milk proteins inhibited HIV reverse transcriptase. Bovine glycolactin, angiogenin-1, lactogenin, casein, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, bovine lactoferrampin, and human lactoferrampin inhibited HIV-1 protease and integrase. Several mammalian lactoferrins prevented hepatitis C infection. Lactoferrin, methylated alpha-lactalbumin and methylated beta-lactoglobulin inhibited human cytomegalovirus. Chemically modified alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin and lysozyme, lactoferrin and lactoferricin, methylated alpha-lactalbumin, methylated and ethylated beta-lactoglobulins inhibited HSV. Chemically modified bovine beta-lactoglobulin had antihuman papillomavirus activity. Beta-lactoglobulin, lactoferrin, esterified beta-lactoglobulin, and esterified lactoferrindisplayed anti-avian influenza A (H5N1) activity. Lactoferrin inhibited respiratory syncytial virus, hepatitis B virus, adenovirus, poliovirus, hantavirus, sindbis virus, semliki forest virus, echovirus, and enterovirus. Milk mucin, apolactoferrin, Fe
3+
-lactoferrin, beta-lactoglobulin, human lactadherin, bovine IgG, and bovine kappa-casein demonstrated antihuman rotavirus activity.
Objective
To identify which patient characteristics and treatments are associated with hearing improvement in patients with pediatric sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).
Methods
PubMed, Web of ...Science, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were systematically searched for articles published before February 5, 2019, and references of relevant articles were screened. Original English‐language case series and cohort studies were included if they addressed SSNHL in patients <20 years of age. Study characteristics, patient demographics, symptoms, treatments, and hearing outcomes were extracted. The primary outcome was hearing improvement.
Results
Thirteen studies were included, totaling 605 patients (670 ears). Hearing did not improve in 46.7% of ears (95% confidence interval CI: 34.4% to 59.0%). Imaging (computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging) results were described in three studies, and 24.2% of ears (95% CI: 7.7% to 40.6%) had abnormal findings. The most common serological finding was cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin (Ig)G or IgM (34.3% of ears tested, 95% CI: −2.9% to 71.6%). Unilateral hearing loss (odds ratio OR:3.85, P < .001), tinnitus (OR: 2.20, P = .003), age >12 years (OR: 2.11, P = .002), and ascending audiogram (OR: 3.66, P = .005), but not systemic or intratympanic steroids, were associated with increased odds of partial or complete improvement. In contrast, profound hearing loss (OR: 0.29, P < .001) and treatment delay of >6 days (OR: 0.27, P < .001) were associated with decreased odds of improvement.
Conclusions
Despite treatment, half of patients had no improvement in hearing. Prognostic factors associated with hearing improvement were generally consistent with those established in the adult population. Further research with consistent definitions for hearing improvement is needed to improve the understanding and treatment of pediatric SSNHL.
Level of Evidence
Laryngoscope, 131:425–434, 2021
Recently, the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 has been identified as an oncogenic gene in multiple cancer types and elevated expression of H19 was tightly linked to tumorigenesis and cancer ...progression. However, the molecular basis for this observation has not been characterized in colorectal cancer (CRC) especially during epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression. In our studies, H19 was characterized as a novel regulator of EMT in CRC. We found that H19 was highly expressed in mesenchymal-like cancer cells and primary CRC tissues. Stable expression of H19 significantly promotes EMT progression and accelerates in vivo and in vitro tumor growth. Furthermore, by using bioinformatics study and RNA immunoprecipitation combined with luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated that H19 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-138 and miR-200a, antagonized their functions and led to the de-repression of their endogenous targets Vimentin, ZEB1, and ZEB2, all of which were core marker genes for mesenchymal cells. Taken together, these observations imply that the lncRNA H19 modulated the expression of multiple genes involved in EMT by acting as a competing endogenous RNA, which may build up the missing link between the regulatory miRNA network and EMT progression.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the commonest bacteria colonizing the airway in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization is associated with poor outcomes ...in patients with bronchiectasis, including rapid decline in lung function, exacerbation frequency and hospitalization.
A cross-sectional study in Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong that included 350 Chinese patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis to investigate the risk factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization and clinical implications on disease outcomes.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization was more commonly found in patients with longer duration of bronchiectasis and those on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) with adjusted ORs of 1.066 (95% CI = 1.036-1.096, p < 0.001) and 2.815 (95% CI = 1.307-6.064, p = 0.008) respectively. Patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization have more extensive lung involvement and higher risks of exacerbation requiring hospitalization with adjusted ORs of 2.445 (95% CI = 1.283-4.657, p = 0.007) and 2.745 (95% CI = 1.012-7.449, p = 0.047) respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization is more common among patients with longer duration of bronchiectasis and those on PPI. Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization is associated with more extensive lung involvement and higher risks of exacerbation requiring hospitalization.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The availability of efficacious anti‐cancer treatments, including oral targeted therapy, do not obviate the need of definitive measures for MPE in newly diagnosed lung cancer. Both early MPE control ...measures and cancer treatments are warranted to minimize the need of pleural re‐interventions in the course of malignancy.
See related Editorial
ABSTRACT
Background and objective
The advent of effective anti‐cancer therapy has brought about uncertainty on the benefit of early definitive measures for newly diagnosed MPE from lung cancer. This study aims to investigate the outcomes of MPE in this setting.
Methods
Lung cancer patients with MPE at first presentation to a tertiary care hospital were followed up till death or censored from 2011 to 2018. Early MPE control measures included chemical pleurodesis or IPC before or shortly after oncological treatment. Predictors of time to MPE re‐intervention were identified with Cox proportional hazard analyses.
Results
Of the 509 records screened, 233 subjects were eligible. One hundred and twenty‐seven subjects received oral targeted therapy as first‐line treatment and 34 (26.8%) underwent early definitive MPE control measures. Early MPE control measures in addition to targeted therapy, as compared to targeted therapy alone, significantly reduced the subsequent need of MPE re‐intervention (23.5% vs 53.8%, P = 0.002). Similar benefits from MPE control measures were found in groups receiving systemic anti‐cancer therapy or best supportive care (0% vs 52%, P = 0.003; 18% vs 56.7%, P = 0.024, respectively). In the group with targetable mutations, both early MPE control measures (HR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.12–0.53, P < 0.001) and the use of targeted therapy (HR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.10–0.46, P < 0.001) were independently associated with longer time to MPE re‐interventions.
Conclusion
Early MPE control measures in lung cancer has additional benefits on reducing the need and prolonging the time to MPE re‐intervention, independent of anti‐cancer therapies.
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