The purpose of this study was to analyze uses of the Graduate Record Examinations® (GRE) General Test in doctoral nursing education.
Doctoral study is a costly (time, money, resources, effort) ...investment for both students and institutions alike, and it is imperative students who are likely to succeed are admitted. Admission criteria such as the GRE General Test must be examined for appropriate use and necessity.
Literature regarding uses of the GRE General Test in doctoral nursing education was analyzed versus GRE General Test publisher evidence-based uses and guidelines while considering test psychometrics.
Although the GRE General Test is widely used in doctoral nursing program admissions, it appears it is often not used according to evidence-based guidelines or uses. Notably, crucial self-validations are infrequent.
Self-validations are essential when determining if doctoral nursing programs should start, stop, continue, or modify their use of the GRE General Test. Admission criteria analyses may help streamline admission processes and remove some unnecessary costs in doctoral education.
Several analog and digital brain-inspired electronic systems have been recently proposed as dedicated solutions for fast simulations of spiking neural networks. While these architectures are useful ...for exploring the computational properties of large-scale models of the nervous system, the challenge of building low-power compact physical artifacts that can behave intelligently in the real world and exhibit cognitive abilities still remains open. In this paper, we propose a set of neuromorphic engineering solutions to address this challenge. In particular, we review neuromorphic circuits for emulating neural and synaptic dynamics in real time and discuss the role of biophysically realistic temporal dynamics in hardware neural processing architectures; we review the challenges of realizing spike-based plasticity mechanisms in real physical systems and present examples of analog electronic circuits that implement them;we describe the computational properties of recurrent neural networks and show how neuromorphic winner-take-all circuits can implement working-memory and decision-making mechanisms. We validate the neuromorphic approach proposed with experimental results obtained from our own circuits and systems, and argue how the circuits and networks presented in this work represent a useful set of components for efficiently and elegantly implementing neuromorphic cognition.
What Joanna Would Have Wanted Chicca, Jennifer
The American journal of nursing,
2019-July, 2019-07-00, 20190701, Letnik:
119, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
To help health care proxies with end-of-life decisions, ask about patients’ former selves.
Nurses interact with a variety of healthcare professionals, including fellow nurses, as part of day-to-day practice. Nurse-to-nurse relationships are an area of concern due to their impact on ...patient, nurse, and organizational outcomes. Though nursing connections and issues occur across the practice spectrum, there is a focus on newly licensed professionals. However, experienced nurses also struggle with nurse-to-nurse relationship issues as they transition from one clinical specialty to another. There is a lack of literature that addresses transitions for this population. Thus, nurses may be ill-prepared to recognize challenges and support healthy nursing relationships and beneficial work environments. This article discusses challenges faced by experienced nurses and offers strategies to support healthy nurse-to-nurse relationships during the transition to new clinical specialties. Nurses, including formal and informal leaders, peers, and individuals transitioning to new specialties, must assess and acknowledge, make individualized plans, and promote positive spaces to support nursing relationships, work environments, and outcomes.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
The balance between the immune/inflammatory and regenerative responses in the diseased pulp is central to the clinical outcome, and this response is unique within the body because of its tissue site. ...Cariogenic bacteria invade the dentin and pulp tissues, triggering molecular and cellular events dependent on the disease stage. At the early onset, odontoblasts respond to bacterial components in an attempt to protect the tooth's hard and soft tissues and limit disease progression. However, as disease advances, the odontoblasts die, and cells central to the pulp core, including resident immune cells, pulpal fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and stem cells, respond to the bacterial challenge via their expression of a range of pattern recognition receptors that identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Subsequently, recruitment and activation occurs of a range of immune cell types, including neutrophils, macrophages, and T and B cells, which are attracted to the diseased site by cytokine/chemokine chemotactic gradients initially generated by resident pulpal cells. Although these cells aim to disinfect the tooth, their extravasation, migration, and antibacterial activity (eg, release of reactive oxygen species ROS) along with the bacterial toxins cause pulp damage and impede tissue regeneration processes. Recently, a novel bacterial killing mechanism termed neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has also been described that uses ROS signaling and results in cellular DNA extrusion. The NETs are decorated with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and their interaction with bacteria results in microbial entrapment and death. Recent data show that NETs can be stimulated by bacteria associated with endodontic infections, and they may be present in inflamed pulp tissue. Interestingly, some bacteria associated with pulpal infections express deoxyribonuclease enzymes, which may enable their evasion of NETs. Furthermore, although NETs aim to localize and kill invading bacteria using AMPs and histones, limiting the spread of the infection, data also indicate that NETs can exacerbate inflammation and their components are cytotoxic. This review considers the potential role of NETs within pulpal infections and how these structures may influence the pulp's vitality and regenerative responses.
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent a novel paradigm in neutrophil-mediated immunity. NETs are believed to constitute a highly conserved antimicrobial strategy comprising decondensed ...nuclear DNA and associated histones that are extruded into the extracellular space. Associated with the web-like strands of DNA is an array of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which facilitate the extracellular destruction of microorganisms that become entrapped within the NETs. NETs can be released by cells that remain viable or following a unique form of programmed cell death known as NETosis, which is dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the decondensing of the nuclear DNA catalyzed by peptidyl arginine deiminase-4. NETs are produced in response to a range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, as well as host-derived mediators. NET release is, however, not without cost, as the concomitant release of cytotoxic molecules can also cause host tissue damage. This is evidenced by a number of immune-mediated diseases, in which excess or dysfunctional NET production, bacterial NET evasion, and decreased NET removal are associated with disease pathogenesis. Periodontitis is the most prevalent infectious-inflammatory disease of humans, characterized by a dysregulated neutrophilic response to specific bacterial species within the subgingival plaque biofilm. Neutrophils are the predominant inflammatory cell involved in periodontitis and have previously been found to exhibit hyperactivity and hyperreactivity in terms of ROS production in chronic periodontitis patients. However, the contribution of ROS-dependent NET formation to periodontal health or disease remains unclear. In this focused review, we discuss the mechanisms, stimuli, and requirements for NET production; the ability of NET-DNA and NET-associated AMPs to entrap and kill pathogens; and the potential immunogenicity of NETs in disease. We also speculate on the potential role of NETs in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
•There is a lack of guidance to foster civility in accreditation activities.•This article provides strategies to improve civility during accreditation.•Promoting civility during accreditation ...enhances educational quality and outcomes.
Nursing accreditation demonstrates that educational programs meet expected quality standards while also helping to ensure programs prepare caring and skilled nurses who positively impact healthcare. However, due to the stressful, high-stakes nature of accreditation processes, as well as factors that influence nursing faculty, activities may lead to aggressive behaviors. Aggressions during accreditation processes contribute to negative outcomes such as adverse accreditation actions that ultimately impact individuals, programs, and organizations. This article offers strategies that nursing faculty, whether participating in accreditation activities at their employing institution or serving as peer reviewers for an accrediting organization, can use to promote civility and community. Respectful, cooperative approaches applied throughout accreditation activities help enhance program outcomes.
PDF
