Jet substructure observables are powerful tools for the identification of boosted heavy particles and for probing QCD at different energy scales in proton-proton collisions at the LHC. In this work ...three recent ATLAS measurements sensitive to soft QCD effects and performed with the use of jet substructures are described. Their are
k
t
splitting scales, soft-drop jet masses and pull-jet angles. Some discrepancies between data and predictions are observed in the non-perturbative regime.
PurposeThis study aims to investigate farmer preferences regarding sales contracts for durum wheat in Italy.Design/methodology/approachThe authors consider that contracts are formed by an ...organisational entity that is in charge of transferring decision and property rights based on reductions in transaction costs. The empirical analysis presents a discrete choice experiment with three distinct models that was performed by a survey of 160 wheat farmers in southern Italy.FindingsThe results show that contractual terms affect the probability of both a contract being signed and allocating decision rights due to their effects on price, technology and quality.Practical implicationsThis study provides some insights on which contractual attributes could support the wider use of contracts along the durum wheat supply chain in Italy.Originality/valueThe paper reveals that contracts are relevant not only to the coordination of agri-food chains because of price stabilisation but also due to their impacts on technology and quality strategies.
Agribusiness firms requiring a consistent supply of high quality agricultural raw materials have increasingly adopted production contracts to coordinate their supply chains. The present work is aimed ...to shed light on the role played by sources of asset specificity and uncertainty related to quality strategies in the diffusion of contractual arrangements within the Italian durum wheat sector. To this purpose, factor analyses and probit regressions are estimated in data collected among durum wheat producers. The findings confirm that the role of asset specificity is negligible in presence of staple crops. Moreover, they reveal that experience, transparency and technological stability are all relevant aspects that reduce uncertainty and, in turn, trigger the adoption of production contracts as a governance solution for durum wheat.
The last reforms of the CAP have promoted the diffusion of new regulatory tools to improve the coordination of decisions along the agri-food supply chain. Interbranch organizations, protection ...consortia, the regulation of the supply for PDO products and the extension of rules represent solutions aimed at fostering the diffusion of institutionalized collective arrangements in the presence of an increasing uncertainty surrounding transactions. In light of New Institutional Economics, this paper describes and evaluates some interesting case studies that refer to some strategic sectors for the primary sectors in Italy: wine, tobacco and cheese. The results highlight that CAP can play a central role in depicting a regulatory framework that provides room for meso-institutions to foster the diffusion of hybrid forms of collective arrangements, especially in sectors that are highly regulated or subsidized. Keywords: CAP, hybrids, NIE, agrifood, Italy JEL codes: D23, Q13, Q18
We measured the radiation tolerance of commercially available diamonds grown by the Chemical Vapor Deposition process by measuring the charge created by a 120 GeV hadron beam in a 50 μm pitch strip ...detector fabricated on each diamond sample before and after irradiation. We irradiated one group of samples with 70 MeV protons, a second group of samples with fast reactor neutrons (defined as energy greater than 0.1 MeV), and a third group of samples with 200 MeV pions, in steps, to (8.8±0.9) × 1015 protons/cm2, (1.43±0.14) × 1016 neutrons/cm2, and (6.5±1.4) × 1014 pions/cm2, respectively. By observing the charge induced due to the separation of electron–hole pairs created by the passage of the hadron beam through each sample, on an event-by-event basis, as a function of irradiation fluence, we conclude all datasets can be described by a first-order damage equation and independently calculate the damage constant for 70 MeV protons, fast reactor neutrons, and 200 MeV pions. We find the damage constant for diamond irradiated with 70 MeV protons to be 1.62±0.07(stat)±0.16(syst)× 10−18 cm2/(p μm), the damage constant for diamond irradiated with fast reactor neutrons to be 2.65±0.13(stat)±0.18(syst)× 10−18 cm2/(n μm), and the damage constant for diamond irradiated with 200 MeV pions to be 2.0±0.2(stat)±0.5(syst)× 10−18 cm2/(π μm). The damage constants from this measurement were analyzed together with our previously published 24 GeV proton irradiation and 800 MeV proton irradiation damage constant data to derive the first comprehensive set of relative damage constants for Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond. We find 70 MeV protons are 2.60 ± 0.29 times more damaging than 24 GeV protons, fast reactor neutrons are 4.3 ± 0.4 times more damaging than 24 GeV protons, and 200 MeV pions are 3.2 ± 0.8 more damaging than 24 GeV protons. We also observe the measured data can be described by a universal damage curve for all proton, neutron, and pion irradiations we performed of Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond. Finally, we confirm the spatial uniformity of the collected charge increases with fluence for polycrystalline Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond, and this effect can also be described by a universal curve.
The Positron Annihilation to Dark Matter Experiment (PADME) uses the positron beam of the DA
\Phi
Φ
NE Beam-Test Facility, at the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF) to search for a Dark Photon ...A’. The search technique studies the missing mass spectrum of single-photon final states in
e^+e^-\rightarrow A'\gamma
e
+
e
−
→
A
′
γ
annihilation in a positron-on-thin-target experiment. This approach facilitates searches for new particles such as long lived Axion-Like-Parti-cles, protophobic X bosons and Dark Higgs. This talk illustrated the scientific program of the experiment and its first physics results. In particular, the measurement of the cross-section of the SM process
e^+e^-\rightarrow \gamma\gamma
e
+
e
−
→
γ
γ
at
\sqrt{s}
s
=21 MeV was shown.
One of the particular characteristics of diamond detectors is their fast charge collection time. This feature makes these detectors very attractive for timing measurements in both nuclear and ...particle physics experiments. The charge collection time in these detectors is of the order of a few hundred ps, therefore the timing performance depends greatly on the electronics readout of the detector. In this work we present comparative measurements made using a single crystal diamond detector and two different electronic readout chains. In particular, we used a charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) with a 100 MHz bandwidth and a voltage amplifier with a 2 GHz bandwidth. In order to evaluate the performance of the detector for charge signals generated by particles with energies below minimum ionizing, measurements were taken using 62 MeV proton beam at the INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud. Another set of measurements was made with a 120 GeV proton beam at FNAL in order to evaluate the performance with MIP. The timing performance depends on the rise time of the signal and the Signal to Noise ratio. Both these characteristics are inversely related to the electronic readout bandwidth. The charge collection with the 62 MeV proton beam was about 130 Ke - . A SIN ratio of about 80 was obtained with the CSA, while the SIN ratio was approximately 4 with the 2 GHz broad-band amplifier. This resulted in a comparable time distribution value of around 70 ps RMS in both cases. However, charge collection is much smaller with minimum ionizing particles, and while it was possible to perform measurements with the CSA, with the broadband amplifier it was not possible to separate signals from the background noise. In this work we present and discuss the set-up used and the complete set of measurements, with final considerations regarding range of use to which these detector can be utilized.
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