Gelatinized adzuki-bean cake (commonly known as Yokan or Yanggaeng) is one of Asia's favorite bean snacks. This product as a continuous phase structure, which is embedded with the dispersed phase ...formed by adzuki bean paste, which is prepared by the combination of agar and sugar. The gel characteristics of gelatinized adzuki-bean cake are influenced by the physical properties of agar, sugar, and the adzuki bean paste and are highly correlated to its product quality. An analysis was carried out using a Rapid Visco Analyzer on the adzuki bean powder to investigate the feasibility of simplifying its preparation process and reducing the amount of agar used in it. The effect of starch contained in the adzuki bean powder on the gelling capacity was also investigated. The gelatinous properties and viscoelasticity of gelatinized adzuki-bean cake were affected by the textural properties of adzuki bean paste, agar, and sugar. The results showed that the structured bean paste particles were distributed in the continuous phase formed by agar and sugar. These particles formed a gelatinous product with a homogeneous dispersion system following a long cooking period and concentration.
•The compositions of Yokan would affect its textural properties.•Agar and concentration-time have multiplicative effects on Yokan properties.•Agar increases the enthalpy (ΔH) of thermal properties during Yokan processing.•The amylose content is an important factor in the gelation of Yokan.•Sugar content would significantly affect the Yokan color.
Snail is primarily known as a transcriptional repressor that induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition by suppressing adherent proteins. Emerging evidence suggests that Snail can act as an activator; ...however, the mechanism and biological significance are unclear. Here, we found that CREB-binding protein (CBP) is the critical factor in Snail-mediated target gene transactivation. CBP interacts with Snail and acetylates Snail at lysine 146 and lysine 187, which prevents the repressor complex formation. We further identified several Snail-activated targets, including TNF-α, which is also the upstream signal for Snail acetylation, and CCL2 and CCL5, which promote the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages. Here, we present our results on the mechanism by which Snail induces target gene transactivation to remodel the tumor microenvironment.
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•TNF-α potentiates CBP-induced acetylation of Snail at lysine 146 and lysine 187•Acetylation of Snail prevents the formation of the Snail repressor complex•Acetylation of Snail induces transcription of TNFA, CCL2, and CCL5•Acetylation of Snail promotes the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages
Hsu et al. report that Snail acetylation by CBP prevents repressor complex formation and allows target gene transactivation. Snail-mediated transactivation of TNFA provides the upstream signal for Snail acetylation, whereas that of CCL2 and CCL5 promotes tumor-associated macrophage recruitment.
Penghu cactus (Opuntia dillenii Ker. Haw) is a cactus plant that commonly grows in Penghu Island, Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC). However, still lack of scientific study on the Opuntia dillenii Ker. ...Haw extract on skin-whitening-associated tyrosinase activity and melanin production. The activities of its extract in melanogenesis were investigated in this article. In this experiment, we used an extract from the Penghu cactus (Opuntia dillenii Ker. Haw) to study its tyrosinase inhibition, anti-melanin generation, UV-protection effects and wound healing capacity in B16-F10 melanocytes. Without reducing cell growth greatly or causing cell death, 20 g/L cactus extract effectively inhibited the melanin production of B16-F10 cells, and melanogenesis was induced by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. The cactus extract could also promote cell proliferation. Cactus extract treatment decreased the mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and increased that of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Thus, it could reduce cell melanin production and promote cell growth but by also reducing IGF-1 and VEGF mRNA expression, may reduce wound scarring and prevent tumor proliferation and swelling. Increasing TGF-β mRNA expression can help increase collagen to remove wrinkles and help in wound healing. Skin patch test results agreed with in vitro results with B16-F10 melanoma cells. The cactus extract significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity and reduced melanin production, showing a whitening effect on skin tests. Cactus may be a good natural candidate for inhibiting melanin production and promoting cell proliferation.
Sacha inchi oil is growing in demand worldwide owing to its high fatty acid content of linolenic acid (44.30%-51.62%) and linoleic acid (34.08%-36.13%). In addition, Sacha inchi oil also contains ...phytosterols, such as stigmasterols (346- 456 μg/g), sitosterols (435-563 μg/g), and campesterols (10.47% ± 4.36%). Its main tocopherol is gamma-tocopherol (120.41-125.69 mg/100 g). The antinutrients in Sacha inchi seeds can be reduced by roasting prior to extraction. Various extractions, including both conventional and novel methods, have been used to extract Sacha inchi oil. However, the variety of extraction methods and origins of the seeds change the nutrient profiles, antinutrient content, and physicochemical properties. Incorporation of Sacha inchi oil into food products can increase its nutritional value, and it works as a moisturizing agent in cosmetic products. To obtain Sacha inchi oil with the desired properties and nutritional profile, this review summarizes the effects of different Sacha inchi seed oil extraction methods and processes on chemical compounds, antinutrient content, and physicochemical properties, including their potential and recent applications in food and cosmetic industries.
The “blue shark”, Prionace glauca (class: Chondrichthyes), is a pelagic shark species commonly found in tropical and temperate oceans. This shark is mainly sold in Asian countries as food and as ...traditional Chinese medicine. According to the Red List of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, P. glauca is classified as low-risk to near endangered. P. glauca cartilage contains collagen type II, which makes it suitable as a bioactive ingredient in cosmeceutical products. This study evaluated the effects of a gel containing various concentrations (0.125–5%) of lyophilized hydrolyzed P. glauca cartilage on the human inner wrist skin compared to a placebo (base). A skin properties evaluation test was conducted before and after applying various concentrations (0.125–5%) of the P. glauca cartilage gel for 10 and 20 min on the inner wrists of participants using a skin analyzer that determined the moisture level, oil level, texture level, complexion level, and the 3D level. Adding lyophilized hydrolyzed shark cartilage (LHSC) significantly improved the moisture, texture, and complexion of the skin while controlling oil and providing a wrinkle-smoothing effect. The result indicated that LHSC formulations were prepared at different concentrations, and they had significantly enhanced effects on skin hydration and elasticity (texture) and the smoothing of wrinkles (3D level). The LHSC also effectively controlled oil secretion and the complexion.
Summary
Our study’s main purpose is to emphasise the significance of medical knowledge of pathophysiology before machine learning. We investigated whether combining domain knowledge with machine ...learning results might increase accuracy and minimise the number of bio‐features used to detect obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The present study analysed data on 36 self‐reported symptoms and 24 clinical features obtained from 3,495 patients receiving polysomnography at a regional hospital and a medical centre. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve was used to evaluate patients with and without moderate or severe OSA using three prediction models on the basis of various estimation methods: the multiple logistic regression (MLR), support vector machine (SVM), and neural network (NN) methods. Odds ratios stratified by gender and age were also measured to account for clinicians’ common sense. We discovered that adding the self‐reported snoring item improved the AUC by 0.01–0.10 and helped us to rapidly achieve the optimum level. The performance of four items (gender, age, body mass index BMI, and snoring) was comparable with that of adding two or more items (neck and waist circumference) for predicting moderate to severe OSA (Apnea–Hypopnea Index ≥15 events/hr) in all three prediction models, demonstrating the medical knowledge value of pathophysiology. The four‐item test sample AUCs were 0.83, 0.84, and 0.83 for MLR, SVM, and NN, respectively. Participants with regular snoring and a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 had a greater chance of moderate to severe OSA according to the stratified adjusted odds ratios. Combining domain knowledge into machine learning could increase efficiency and enable primary care physicians to refer for an OSA diagnosis earlier.
(
) is a plant belonging to the Cactaceae family that is abundant in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide.
is consumed as a local delicacy and has no other current use. To understand the ...nutritional value of
in human health and its application in the food, cosmetic, and drug industries, this review summarizes information on the chemical compounds (pure α-pyrone compounds, flavonoids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides, minerals, fatty acids, and betalains) and biological properties (anti-diabetic, anti-hyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-spermatogenic, anticancer, antilarval, anti-angiogenic, and antioxidant) of extracts from each part of the plant (fruit juice, fruit peel, cladode, and seeds) (aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic), and seed oil. In addition, data related to the recent applications of
in various industries (e.g., edible coatings, food supplements, cosmetics, nanoparticles, and wastewater treatment) are provided.
Marine collagen can be extracted from marine by-products such as skin, scale, bone, and swim bladder which cause enormous waste problems worldwide (20–80%). In recent years studies of collagen ...extraction methods have developed from conventional methods (acid extraction and pepsin extraction method) to a novel method (ultrasound-assisted extraction method) to increase the quality and quantity of collagen. In this review paper, the methods of collagen extraction and analysis are compared to understand the effect on its physicochemical properties. Marine collagen can be used in the food, cosmetic and medical industries. The results show that marine collagen extracted using conventional methods assisted with ultrasonication results in a higher yield percentage and better quality compared to the extraction process without ultrasonication.
•Marine by-products are low in value and cause enormous waste problems worldwide.•Ultrasound-assisted extraction has been used to improve the quality of collagen yield and quality.•Biological activities of ultrasound-extracted collagen from marine by-products.•Marine collagen can be applied on pharmaceutical, biomedical, food and cosmetic industries.
Abstract
The discharge of atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) applied on the water was studied by varying an air gap between a powered electrode and the water, and the alternating current power. ...It was found that the streamers were converged by the air flow to form a streamer bridge to allow current flow across the air gap to transition from a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) mode to a streamer mode. Because the AC power alternates periodically, this study proposed an analysis without the parameter of time by the voltage amplitude to power characteristic. It was found that the longer distance required higher voltage amplitude and power to transition. Prior research of plasma rarely mentioned the real power and the reactive power, which are essential for electric devices. Because different discharge mode produces different species, this study proposed a simple method to analyze and predict discharge modes based on the power factor, which presents the relationship of the real power and the reactive power. It was found that the streamer mode had a higher power factor than the DBD mode, and thus the power factor decides the discharge mode. Therefore, a power factor analysis can be a systematic basis to produce the required discharge by changing the equivalent capacitance and resistance to change the reactive power and real power. This study proposed a simple method to analyze periodic discharge by the intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD). A period of the AC was divided into twelve timings. For each timing, each shot was configured to have the minimum exposure time to avoid the afterimage. Thousands of shots were overlapped into one snapshot to increase the fluorescence and make such snapshot more representative for the timing. Snapshots show that the streamer bridge was only formed in specific timings periodically.
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