The OPERA neutrino detector in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory (LNGS) was designed to perform the first detection of neutrino oscillations in appearance mode through the study of ...$\nu_\mu\to\nu_\tau$ oscillations. The apparatus consists of an emulsion/lead target complemented by electronic detectors and it is placed in the high energy long-baseline CERN to LNGS beam (CNGS) 730 km away from the neutrino source. Runs with CNGS neutrinos were successfully carried out in 2007 and 2008 with the detector fully operational with its related facilities for the emulsion handling and analysis. After a brief description of the beam and of the experimental setup we report on the collection, reconstruction and analysis procedures of first samples of neutrino interaction events.
The neutrino oscillation OPERA experiment Target Tracker Baussan, E.; Borer, K.; Campagne, J.-E. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
10/2007, Letnik:
581, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The main task of the Target Tracker of the long baseline neutrino oscillation OPERA experiment, is to locate in which of the target elementary constituents, the lead/emulsion bricks, the neutrino ...interactions have occurred and also to give calorimetric information about each event.
The technology used consists in walls of two planes of long plastic scintillator strips, one per transverse direction. Wavelength shifting fibres collect the light signal emitted by the scintillator strips and guide it to both ends where it is read by multi-anode photomultiplier tubes. The Target Tracker is composed of 62 scintillating walls of a total surface of about
6000
m
2
. Each wall is made by assembling 4 horizontal and 4 vertical modules of 64.7
m long, scintillating strips. This detector has observed the first neutrino interactions during August 2006.
In this paper we will describe all elements used for the construction and operation of this detector and we will also give its main characteristics.
The AMADEUS system described in this article is integrated into the ANTARES neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea and aims at the investigation of techniques for acoustic detection of neutrinos ...in the deep sea. Installed at water depths between 2000 and 2400m, its acoustic sensors employ piezo-electric elements for the broad-band recording of signals with frequencies ranging up to 125 kHz with typical sensitivities around −145 dB re. 1V/μPa (including preamplifier). Completed in May 2008, AMADEUS consists of six "acoustic clusters", each comprising six acoustic sensors that are arranged at distances of roughly 1m from each other. Three acoustic clusters each are installed along two vertical mechanical structures (so-called lines) of the ANTARES detector at a horizontal distance of 240m. Vertical spacings within a line range from 15m to 125m. Each cluster contains custom-designed electronics boards to amplify and digitise the acoustic data from the sensors. The data transmission to shore is done via optical fibres, using the TCP/IP protocol. An on-shore computer cluster, currently consisting of four dedicated servers, is used to process, filter and store the selected data. The daily volume of recorded data is about 10 - 20 GByte. The system is operating continuously and automatically, requiring only little human intervention. AMADEUS allows for extensive studies of both transient signals and ambient noise in the deep sea as well as signal correlations on several length scales and localisation of acoustic point sources. Thus the system is excellently suited to assess the background conditions that affect the measurement of bipolar pulses expected to originate from neutrino interactions. This in turn allows for feasibility studies of a future large-scale acoustic neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea.
The OPERA neutrino oscillation experiment is based on the use of the Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC). In the OPERA ECC, nuclear emulsion films acting as very high precision tracking detectors are ...interleaved with lead plates providing a massive target for neutrino interactions. We report on studies related to the effects occurring from the contact between emulsion and lead. A low radioactivity lead is required in order to minimize the number of background tracks in emulsions and to achieve the required performance in the reconstruction of neutrino events. It was observed that adding other chemical elements to the lead, in order to improve the mechanical properties, may significantly increase the level of radioactivity on the emulsions. A detailed study was made in order to choose a lead alloy with good mechanical properties and an appropriate packing technique so as to have a low enough effective radioactivity.
This project, initiated by Alcatel concerns the creation of a teleteaching room for surgical applications. It is meant for the Institute of Research into Cancer of the Digestive System (IRCAD) in ...Strasbourg, France and takes place within the study program of a French engineering school, the ENSPS. It aims at enabling a surgeon teacher to communicate in real-time with his students through an Ethernet-based network. The surgeon in charge can perform his operation and send the video in real-time to his students working in different places. He can also send PowerPoint lectures, look after his students' work and correct them. This project has been divided into three parts: the compression and decompression of the video stream, the transfer in real-time of data between several computers with switch possibilities and the implementation of a graphical interface meant for worldwide surgeons. The issues at stakes are important. Two years ago, such technologies gave birth to the "Lindbergh's project". From New-York, Pr. J. Marescaux, founder of IRCAD, performed for the first time ever a surgical operation on a patient based in Strasbourg. This project follows the track of this achievement.
The AMADEUS (ANTARES Modules for the Acoustic Detection Under the Sea) system which is described in this article aims at the investigation of techniques for acoustic detection of neutrinos in the ...deep sea. It is integrated into the ANTARES neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea. Its acoustic sensors, installed at water depths between 2050 and 2300 m, employ piezo-electric elements for the broad-band recording of signals with frequencies ranging up to 125 kHz. The typical sensitivity of the sensors is around -145 dB re 1V/muPa (including preamplifier). Completed in May 2008, AMADEUS consists of six "acoustic clusters", each comprising six acoustic sensors that are arranged at distances of roughly 1 m from each other. Two vertical mechanical structures (so-called lines) of the ANTARES detector host three acoustic clusters each. Spacings between the clusters range from 14.5 to 340 m. Each cluster contains custom-designed electronics boards to amplify and digitise the acoustic signals from the sensors. An on-shore computer cluster is used to process and filter the data stream and store the selected events. The daily volume of recorded data is about 10 GB. The system is operating continuously and automatically, requiring only little human intervention. AMADEUS allows for extensive studies of both transient signals and ambient noise in the deep sea, as well as signal correlations on several length scales and localisation of acoustic point sources. Thus the system is excellently suited to assess the background conditions for the measurement of the bipolar pulses expected to originate from neutrino interactions.
Future high energy physics (HEP) experiments require detectors with unprecedented performances for track and vertex reconstruction. These requirements call for high precision sensors, with low ...material budget and short integration time. The development of CMOS sensors for HEP applications was initiated at IPHC Strasbourg more than 10 years ago, motivated by the needs for vertex detectors at the International Linear Collider (ILC) R. Turchetta et al, NIM A 458 (2001) 677. Since then several other applications emerged. The first real scale digital CMOS sensor MIMOSA26 equips Flavour Tracker at RHIC, as well as for the microvertex detector of the CBM experiment at FAIR. MIMOSA sensors may also offer attractive performances for the ALICE upgrade at LHC. This paper will demonstrate the substantial performance improvement of CMOS sensors based on a high resistivity epitaxial layer. First studies for integrating the sensors into a detector system will be addressed and finally the way to go to a 10
μs readout sensor will be discussed.
The development of ultra-light pixelated ladders is motivated by the requirements of the ILD vertex detector at ILC. This paper summarizes three projects related to system integration. The PLUME ...project tackles the issue of assembling double-sided ladders. The SERWIETE project deals with a more innovative concept and consists in making single-sided unsupported ladders embedded in an extra thin plastic enveloppe. AIDA, the last project, aims at building a framework reproducing the experimental running conditions where sets of ladders could be tested.
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