Monolithic 3-D stacked Ge0.9Sn0.1 nanosheet and Ge0.75Si0.25 nanosheet complementary FETs with multiple P/N junction isolation by in-situ doped CVD epitaxy are experimentally demonstrated. ...Heterogeneous channels with common single work function metal (WFM) gate structure are fabricated as a CMOS inverter with the matched <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{V}_{\text {T}} </tex-math></inline-formula> and good voltage transfer characteristics (VTCs). <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{V}_{\text {T}} </tex-math></inline-formula> tuning is achieved individually by the band alignment of GeSi and GeSn for n-channel and p-channel, respectively, for the first time. The Hf0.2Zr0.8O2 gate stacks with extremely high <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\boldsymbol {\kappa } </tex-math></inline-formula> of 47 are integrated to enhance the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{I}_{\text {ON}} </tex-math></inline-formula> of complementary FET (CFET) for high performance. The monolithic stacked heterogeneous CFETs without the need of wafer bonding, dielectric isolation, selective epitaxial growth, and dual WFM can simplify the process for transistor 3-D stacking.
Monolithic 3-D stacked Ge0.9Sn0.1 nanosheet and Ge0.75Si0.25 nanosheet complementary FETs with multiple P/N junction isolation by in-situ doped CVD epitaxy are experimentally demonstrated. ...Heterogeneous channels with common single work function metal (WFM) gate structure are fabricated as a CMOS inverter with the matched Formula Omitted and good voltage transfer characteristics (VTCs). Formula Omitted tuning is achieved individually by the band alignment of GeSi and GeSn for n-channel and p-channel, respectively, for the first time. The Hf0.2Zr0.8O2 gate stacks with extremely high Formula Omitted of 47 are integrated to enhance the Formula Omitted of complementary FET (CFET) for high performance. The monolithic stacked heterogeneous CFETs without the need of wafer bonding, dielectric isolation, selective epitaxial growth, and dual WFM can simplify the process for transistor 3-D stacking.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-protein-coding RNAs. miRNA genes need several biogenesis steps to form function miRNAs. However, the precise mechanism and biology involved in the mature miRNA ...molecules are not clearly investigated. In this study, we conducted in-depth analyses to examine the arm selection and isomiRs using NGS platform.
We sequenced small RNAs from one pair of normal and gastric tumor tissues with Solexa platform. By analyzing the NGS data, we quantified the expression profiles of miRNAs and isomiRs in gastric tissues. Then, we measured the expression ratios of 5p arm to 3p arm of the same pre-miRNAs. And, we used Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test to examine isomiR pattern difference between tissues.
Our result showed the 5p arm and 3p arm miRNA derived from the same pre-miRNAs have different tissue expression preference, one preferred normal tissue and the other preferred tumor tissue, which strongly implied that there could be other mechanism controlling mature miRNA selection in addition to the known hydrogen-bonding selection rule. Furthermore, by using the KS test, we demonstrated that some isomiR types preferentially occur in normal gastric tissue but other types prefer tumor gastric tissue.
Arm selections and isomiR patterns are significantly varied in human cancers by using deep sequencing NGS data. Our results provided a novel research topic in miRNA regulation study. With advanced bioinformatics and molecular biology studies, more robust conclusions and insight into miRNA regulation can be achieved in the near future.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The intracellular microRNAs that negatively regulate Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, that ...the distribution of these microRNAs in exosomes could be a biomarker of central nervous system diseases is just beginning to be explored. In the present study, we isolated serum exosomes from patients with MDD and healthy controls to explore the levels of exosomal microRNAs, including let-7e, miR-21-5p, miR-223, miR-145, miR-146a, and miR-155. We also investigated the changes of these exosomal microRNAs after antidepressant treatment and their association with clinical changes in scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. An ANCOVA adjusted by age, sex, BMI, and smoking showed higher expression levels of miR-146a (p = 0.006) in patients with MDD compared to controls. Patients who achieved remission showed significantly lower let-7e, miR-21-5p, miR-145, miR-146a, and miR-155 levels before treatment and increased levels after antidepressant treatment compared with the non-remission group. Through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, let-7e, miR-145, and miR-146a showed acceptable discrimination between the remission and non-remission groups, whereas miR-21-5p and miR-155 showed poor discrimination. These findings demonstrate that exosomal microRNAs may play essential roles in predicting antidepressants response.
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most common somatic discomfort in patients with gynecological cancers. CRF is often overlooked; however, it can impair the patients' quality of life considerably. ...This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of CRF in gynecological cancer patients. Questionnaires and the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) criteria were used to identify CRF. The enrolled patients were further categorized according to the amount of fatigue-related management received. Of the enrolled 190 patients, 40.0% had endometrial cancer, 28.9% had cervical cancer, and 31.1% had ovarian cancer. On the basis of the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria, 42.6% had non-cancer-related fatigue, 10% had CRF, and 51% had BFI-T questionnaire-based fatigue. Moreover, 77.9% of the study cohort had ever received fatigue-related management. Further analysis showed that patients with endometrial/cervical cancer, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage >1, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score ≥1, inadequate cancer treatment response, and receiving cancer treatment in the past week had a higher probability of receiving more fatigue-related management. The five-item predictive model developed from these factors may help physicians recognize patients seeking more fatigue-related management more efficiently. This is important as they may suffer from a more profound CRF.
The step-by-step strain evolution in the channel during the SiGe nanosheet (NS) integration process flow for pFETs is demonstrated using finite element analysis (FEA). The effect of device dimensions ...and defective source/drain (S/D) is studied. After fin formation, the 0.77% compressive biaxial strain resulting from the lattice mismatch between Si0.8Ge0.2 and Si substrate is observed. However, the strain<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">_{\textit {xx}} </tex-math></inline-formula> is gradually relaxed during the S/D recess and the inner spacer cavity formation. A large strain<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">_{\textit {xx}} </tex-math></inline-formula> is obtained on the channel along the current direction after Si0.6Ge0.4 S/D regrowth, increasing from 0.21% to 1.50% for defect-free S/D epitaxy. The compressive strain along the channel remains similar for different shapes of the S/D regrowth, with small variations between every channel. Decreasing the NS width only leads to an insignificant increase in channel strain<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">_{\textit {xx}} </tex-math></inline-formula> until the nanowire structure is formed. Nevertheless, the scaled body thickness can enhance the channel strainxx substantially with the 21.2% compressive strain<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">_{\textit {xx}} </tex-math></inline-formula> increase from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{t}_{\text {body}} </tex-math></inline-formula> = 5 nm to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{t}_{\text {body}} </tex-math></inline-formula> = 1 nm. The defective S/D is also simulated with air gaps between the merged epitaxes, where compressive strain in the channel is totally relaxed and further turns into tensile-strained. The hole mobility is expected to have a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">3.6\times </tex-math></inline-formula> enhancement with 1.5% compressive strain<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">_{\textit {xx}} </tex-math></inline-formula>.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are suggested to be closely linked based on microbial dysbiosis, but limited subgingival bacteria have been proven in the pathogenesis of RA. We enrolled ...30 RA patients and 25 controls and divided them into three groups with matched age, gender, and diabetes statuses: group AM (all of the matched participants), group PD (periodontally diseased), and group PH (periodontally healthy). Their subgingival microbial composition was determined by V3–V4 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Significant differences in subgingival microbial clustering between the RA patients and controls were observed in groups AM and PD. Among the taxa enriched in RA, Aminipila butyrica and Peptococcus simiae were the only two species displaying positive correlation to the level of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) in both of the groups. Surprisingly, the median of relative abundances of A. butyrica and P. simiae were 0% in the controls of group PD. Furthermore, a gene encoding arginine deiminase with the capability to produce citrulline was addressed in the complete genome sequence of A. butyrica. This is the first study to elucidate the important roles of A. butyrica and P. simiae as periodontal bacteria leading to RA possibly through the induction of ACPA production.
ObjectivesBleeding is a common problem during adult extracorporeal membranes oxygenation (ECMO) support, requiring blood transfusion for correction of volume depletion and coagulopathy. The goal of ...this study is to investigate the long-term outcomes for adults under support of ECMO with massive blood transfusion (MBT).DesignRetrospective nationwide cohort study.SettingData were provided from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD).Participants and interventionsTotally 2757 adult patients were identified to receive MBT (red blood cell ≥10 units) during ECMO support from 2000 to 2013 via Taiwan NHIRD.Main outcome measuresThe outcomes included in-hospital major complications/mortality, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, newly onset end-stage renal disease and respiratory failure during the follow-up period.ResultsPatients with MBT had higher in-hospital mortality (65.6% vs 52.1%; OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.53 to 1.98) and all-cause mortality during the follow-up (47.0% vs 35.8%; HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.25 to 1.71) than those without MBT. Not only higher incidences of post ECMO sepsis, respiratory failure and acute kidney injury, but also longer duration of ECMO support, ventilator use and intensive care unit stay were demonstrated in the MBT group. Moreover, a subdistribution hazard model presented higher cumulative of respiratory failure (19.8% vs 16.2%; subdistribution HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.73) for the MBT cohort. Positive dose–dependent relationship was found between the amount of transfused red blood cell product and in-hospital mortality. In the MBT subgroup analysis for the impact of transfused ratio (fresh frozen plasma/packed red blood cell) on in-hospital mortality, ratio ≥1.0 had higher mortality.ConclusionsPatients with MBT during ECMO support had worse long-term outcomes than non-MBT population. The transfused amount of red blood cell had positive dose–dependent effect on in-hospital mortality.
This article reports diastereoselective cyclization with chiral sulfinamides as nucleophiles in two reaction pathways: (1) intramolecular allylic substitution and (2) sequential aerobic oxidation ...with aza-Michael addition. These reactions were enabled by synergistic palladium and Brønsted acid catalysis and produced chiral isoindolines with good yields of 55–92% and high diastereoselectivities of 10:1 to >20:1 dr.
Purpose
Treating pelvic fractures remains a challenging task for orthopaedic surgeons. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility, accuracy, and effectiveness of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology ...and computer-assisted virtual surgery for pre-operative planning in anterior ring fractures of the pelvis. We hypothesized that using 3D printing models would reduce operation time and significantly improve the surgical outcomes of pelvic fracture repair.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the records of 30 patients with pelvic fractures treated by anterior pelvic fixation with locking plates (14 patients, conventional locking plate fixation; 16 patients, pre-operative virtual simulation with 3D, printing-assisted, pre-contoured, locking plate fixation). We compared operative time, instrumentation time, blood loss, and post-surgical residual displacements, as evaluated on X-ray films, among groups. Statistical analyses evaluated significant differences between the groups for each of these variables.
Results
The patients treated with the virtual simulation and 3D printing-assisted technique had significantly shorter internal fixation times, shorter surgery duration, and less blood loss (− 57 minutes, − 70 minutes, and − 274 ml, respectively;
P
< 0.05) than patients in the conventional surgery group. However, the post-operative radiological result was similar between groups (
P
> 0.05). The complication rate was less in the 3D printing group (1/16 patients) than in the conventional surgery group (3/14 patients).
Conclusion
The 3D simulation and printing technique is an effective and reliable method for treating anterior pelvic ring fractures. With precise pre-operative planning and accurate execution of the procedures, this time-saving approach can provide a more personalized treatment plan, allowing for a safer orthopaedic surgery.
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