A capacitive coupled radio frequency (RF) plasma system has been developed for producing tungsten coated graphite tiles using plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD) technique. To ...characterize the deposition chamber for optimal plasma parameters, small amount of air is released into the hydrogen plasma purposefully to measure its gas temperature using spectral bands of nitrogen molecule. Optical emission spectra in the wavelength range 350 to 900 nm have been recorded with a miniature spectrometer. Molecular spectral bands of N2 (B3Πg-A3 Σu+ ) have been observed and identified as three bands from the nitrogen 1PS (Δν = 2, 3 & 4). These bands are simulated using MATLAB code developed in-house by considering Boltzmann distribution of particles in the vibrational states. The experimental spectra have been modelled with the simulated spectrum through the best-fit technique by iterating the latter one with different temperature values. Boltzmann plot method is also utilized to evaluate plasma gas temperature using identified vibrational bands. The estimated temperature using spectral modelling method matches fairly well with Boltzmann plot method. The estimated vibrational temperatures are in the range of ∼7000 - 8000 K, an order higher than the room temperature ∼300 K.
Data security and sensitivity have become significant challenges for organizations worldwide in the digital transformation era. Protecting sensitive user data from cyber-attacks, breaches, and ...information exposure is of utmost concern. This research paper explores the potential of integrating blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML) technologies to enhance data protection and ensure confidentiality. The introduction provides an overview of data sensitivity and the growing importance of data security in the digital age. It delves into blockchain technology, emphasizing its decentralized, immutable ledger for secure authentication, access control, and tamper-proof data storage. The paper presents various use scenarios, illustrating how blockchain safeguards sensitive user data, including medical records, financial information, and personal identifiers. It further examines AI's role in data security, showcasing its capability to detect threats, analyze anomalies, and authenticate users, thereby blocking unauthorized access to confidential information. Additionally, the study explores machine learning for data sensitivity management, highlighting its prowess in formulating access control policies and data categorization. The research underscores how blockchain, AI, and machine learning synergize to create a comprehensive data security architecture, enabling businesses to leverage the immutability of blockchain and the intelligent data protection of AI/ML. Real-world examples demonstrate the effectiveness of this synergy in enhancing data security and safeguarding against modern threats.
Reliability of News Harjule, Priyanka; Sharma, Akshat; Chouhan, Sachin ...
2020 3rd International Conference on Emerging Technologies in Computer Engineering: Machine Learning and Internet of Things (ICETCE),
2020-Feb.
Conference Proceeding
In modern times, because of the the advancement of social media platforms, fake news relating to different purposes has been increasing day by day. Fake News on the internet is defined as a ...fabricated article with the intention to mislead, usually for profiting. Fake news and hoaxes have been there since before the advent of the Internet. Hoaxes have existed for a long time, since the "Great moon hoax" published in 1835. Along with the increase in the use of social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter etc. news spreads rapidly among millions of users within a very short span of time. This paper's purpose is to investigate the concepts, approaches and algorithms for identifying fake news articles and their creators from online social media platforms and assessing their performance. This paper introduces two models for detection of fake news. First by text classification where different classifier models were applied and it was found that RNN(LSTM) gave the best accuracy of 93 %. Second by crowd analysis where Parameter tuning method gave the best accuracy of 80 %.
Monitoring water flow helps to identify leaks and wastage, leading to better management of water resources and conservation of this precious resource. To address this challenge, there is a need for ...an efficient and sustainable water management system. This paper presents an Internet of Things (IoT) based solution that involves retrofitting existing analog water meters using readily available off-the-shelf electronic components. Real-time data collection and analysis are performed through edge computation, which locally processes water meter images captured by the camera and extracts water meter readings. These readings are transmitted to the cloud for storage and further analysis. Various strategies have been implemented to optimize supply-current usage, preserving charge-discharge cycles of solar-powered batteries even in adverse environmental conditions. To streamline the firmware update process for multiple connected devices, a broadcasting technique is employed, offering the benefits of reduced manual labor and time savings. To assess the reliability and performance of developed solution, field deployment is conducted over several months, enabling the characterization of water usage patterns across different locations. Integrating energy harvesting capabilities into system reduces maintenance costs and promotes eco-friendly energy practices. Overall, this solution offers an effective and comprehensive approach towards achieving efficient and sustainable water management.
Viruses cause a variety of diseases in the human body. Antiviral agents are used to prevent the production of disease-causing viruses. These agents obstruct and kill the virus's translation and ...replication. Because viruses share the metabolic processes of the majority of host cells, finding targeted medicines for the virus is difficult. In the ongoing search for better antiviral agents, the USFDA approved EVOTAZ, a new drug discovered for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It is a once-daily (OD) fixed-dose combination of Cobicistat, a cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme inhibitor, and Atazanavir, a protease inhibitor. The combination drug was created in such a way that it can inhibit both CYP enzymes and proteases at the same time, resulting in the virus's death. The drug is not effective in children under the age of 18; however, it is still being studied for various parameters. This review article focuses on EVOTAZ's preclinical and clinical aspects, as well as its efficacy and safety profiles.
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•Smokeless tobacco poses a significant public health concern due to its genotoxic effects.•Conducted an extensive investigation involving rats exposed to ST and head and neck cancer ...patients.•Identified 17 significant DNA adducts through LC-MS/MS, neutral loss scan.•higher DNA adduct levels in ST users and cancer patients.•Providing insights for risk assessment, early detection, and environmental exposure evaluation.
The genotoxicity of smokeless tobacco (ST) remains an essential public health issue. We conducted a comprehensive study of rats exposed to ST and head and neck cancer patients to elucidate the DNA adduct profiles. ST exposure assessment used alkaloids and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in rat urine. High ST doses led to significantly elevated nicotine, cotinine, N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) levels, indicating substantial exposure. DNA adductomics identified 17 significant DNA adducts using a neutral loss scan in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in rat urine samples upon ST exposure, highlighting the intricate landscape of DNA modifications associated with ST using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis and accurate mass measurements of DNA adducts unveiled specific adducts upregulated in response to ST exposure, particularly those associated with methylation and NNK release. Intriguing correlations emerged between DNA adducts and alkaloids-TSNA in ST-exposed rat urine. Nicotine correlated positively with N2-paraldol-dG and O2/O4-4-(3-Pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl thymidine in high-dose rats. NNK correlated with 6O-methylgaunine, while NNN correlated with 6-hydroxy-1-N2-propanodeoxyguanosine and 7-methylguanine. With this aim, we also applied analysis to human samples, where we observed specific DNA adducts for ST users, controls, and subjects with HNC. Two-way ANOVA showed that ST users and cancer patients had higher DNA adduct levels in human urine, which aids cancer risk assessment, early detection, and environmental exposure evaluation. This comprehensive study explores DNA adducts caused by ST exposure across rats and head and neck cancer patients, illuminating genotoxic mechanisms and health risks and providing valuable insights for future preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Accurate whole-body staging following biochemical relapse in prostate cancer is vital in determining the optimum disease management. Current imaging guidelines recommend various imaging platforms ...such as computed tomography (CT), Technetium 99 m (
Tc) bone scan and
F-choline and recently
Ga-PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) for the evaluation of the extent of disease. Such approach requires multiple hospital attendances and can be time and resource intensive. Recently, whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) has been used in a single visit scanning session for several malignancies, including prostate cancer, with promising results, providing similar accuracy compared to the combined conventional imaging techniques. The LOCATE trial aims to investigate the application of WB-MRI for re-staging of patients with biochemical relapse (BCR) following external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy in patients with prostate cancer.
The LOCATE trial is a prospective cohort, multi-centre, non-randomised, diagnostic accuracy study comparing WB-MRI and conventional imaging. Eligible patients will undergo WB-MRI in addition to conventional imaging investigations at the time of BCR and will be asked to attend a second WB-MRI exam, 12-months following the initial scan. WB-MRI results will be compared to an enhanced reference standard comprising all the initial, follow-up imaging and non-imaging investigations. The diagnostic performance (sensitivity and specificity analysis) of WB-MRI for re-staging of BCR will be investigated against the enhanced reference standard on a per-patient basis. An economic analysis of WB-MRI compared to conventional imaging pathways will be performed to inform the cost-effectiveness of the WB-MRI imaging pathway. Additionally, an exploratory sub-study will be performed on blood samples and exosome-derived human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) dimer measurements will be taken to investigate its significance in this cohort.
The LOCATE trial will compare WB-MRI versus the conventional imaging pathway including its cost-effectiveness, therefore informing the most accurate and efficient imaging pathway.
LOCATE trial was registered on ClinicalTrial.gov on 18th of October 2016 with registration reference number NCT02935816.
Gastrointestinal follicular lymphoma (GI‐FL) is a rare extranodal variant of follicular lymphoma (FL) that has been increasingly reported in the literature. An especially indolent course is linked to ...the disease after a lack of observed patient death in past studies. However, overall survival (OS) and associated prognostic factors remain unclear. A large population‐based database was utilized to identify demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of GI‐FL, along with survival differences among primary sites. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Registry was used to identify GI‐FL cases between the years of 1973 and 2012. Kaplan–Meier curves compared OS differences and Cox proportional hazard models analyzed prognostic factors. Final analysis included 1109 cases. Small intestinal cases, which included those with single‐site and multi‐segment involvement, were most common (63.6%) followed by gastric (18.2%) and colorectal cases (18.2%). Small intestinal GI‐FL presented more frequently with grade I histology, and less often with grade III histology (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Small intestinal cases had better outcomes (5‐year OS = 80.9%, P < 0.001) compared to cases involving the stomach (5‐year OS = 52.7%) and colorectum (5‐year OS = 71.5%). On multivariate analysis for predictors of mortality, small intestinal involvement predicted for better survival; hazard ratio (HR) 0.66 (95% CI: 0.51–0.85). Advanced age (≥66), grade (grade III), and stage (Ann Arbor Stage III/IV) predicted for mortality with HR 5.46 (95% CI: 3.80–7.84), 1.42 (95% CI: 1.10–1.83), 1.57 (95% CI: 1.15–2.16), respectively. GI‐FL has poorer outcomes than previously suggested. Small intestinal involvement has a better prognosis. A possible biological basis for this will require further investigations in the future.
Gastrointestinal follicular lymphoma (GI‐FL) has been characterized as a rare extranodal variant of follicular lymphoma with an especially indolent course; however, long‐term outcomes are relatively unknown. Utilizing a large population‐based database, we found cases of GI‐FL to have poorer outcomes than previously suggested. Additionally, small intestinal primary site involvement may serve prognostic significance and predict for longer survival.
In unconventional material removal process powder mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM) is the new development of machining features such as material removal rate, tool wear ratio and surface ...roughness, when the profitable powder additives in a liquefied and gaseous dielectric fluid are supplied in the procedure. By electrolysis formed the pre-breakdown stage in water is considered by the creation of several little hydrogen bubbles. In a gasiform medium the streamers flow very much easily and at that moment these bubbles may be able the infringement method. In oil medium, no bubbles are detected. Therefore, in the space of tools and job some elements augmented cause of the breakdown progression in oil.
Background: It was explained that there are very few studies that exist in the literature that assessed the reaction time in young adults.
Aims and Objectives: The primary objective of the present ...study was to assess and compare the auditory and visual reaction time among male and female young adults. The secondary objective was to compare auditory and visual reaction time’s right- and left-hand responses.
Materials and Methods: A total of 120 male and female young adults were part of the study after obtaining informed consent. Auditory and visual reaction time was assessed using the RT apparatus manufactured by Anand Agencies, Pune. The instrument can assess visual reaction time for the green and red light and auditory reaction time for tone and click sounds of both right- and left-hand responses.
Results: Age and weight were significantly different between males and females, whereas height was not significant. The auditory and visual reaction times were not significantly different between the male and female participants.
Conclusion: The present study reveals that there is no significant difference between the auditory and visual reaction time among male and female young adults. There is a need for more detailed studies to testify to the results.
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