Introduction
We report a child with Prader Willi syndrome who developed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This patient underwent surgical treatment for OSA. There was improvement not only on her OSA but ...in her quality of life score as well. This report highlights the need for a comprehensive assessment in the management of patients with Prader Willi syndrome.
Abstract Objective To determine if watching a videotape that shows features of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) will improve the accuracy of a verbally administered questionnaire in the prediction of ...OSA in pediatric snorers. Patients and methods In a prospective single-blinded, randomized, controlled study at a pediatric clinic for sleep-disordered breathing, we studied children aged 0–18 years, who had been referred to a sleep laboratory for overnight polysomnography (PSG), and their parents from November 1999 to November 2000. The parents were randomized to answer a standard verbally administered panel of three questions (SQ) or a verbally administered panel of questions assisted by videotape (VQ). Results The parents of 52 and 56 pediatric snorers were assigned to answer SQ and VQ, respectively. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic ROC curves (AUCs) for screening of OSA in patients were similar at 0.709 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.561–0.851) for SQ and 0.714 (95% CI = 0.571–0.858) for VQ. The two questionnaires had a reasonable negative predictive value to rule out the presence of OSA (VQ = 0.816 and 95% CI = 0.726–0.885, SQ = 0.828, 95% CI = 0.714–0.913). Conclusion The addition of a videotape showing important features of OSA achieved no better accuracy than a standard questionnaire.
The Chinese term "Hot Qi" is often used by parents to describe symptoms in their children. The current study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of using the Chinese term "Hot Qi" to describe ...symptoms in children by their parents and the symptomatology of "Hot Qi".
A cross sectional survey by face-to-face interview with a semi-structured questionnaire was carried out in a public hospital and a private clinic in Hong Kong. The parental use of the term "Hot Qi", the symptoms of "Hot Qi" and the remedies used for "Hot Qi" were asked.
1060 pairs of children and parents were interviewed. 903 (85.1%) of parents claimed that they had employed the term "Hot Qi" to describe their children's symptoms. Age of children and place of birth of parents were the predictors of parents using the term "Hot Qi". Eye discharge (37.2%), sore throat (33.9%), halitosis (32.8%), constipation (31.0%), and irritable (21.2%) were the top five symptoms of "Hot Qi" in children. The top five remedies for "Hot Qi" were the increased consumption of water (86.8%), fruit (72.5%), soup (70.5%), and the use of herbal beverages "five-flower-tea" (a combination of several flowers such as Chrysanthemum morifolii, Lonicera japonica, Bombax malabaricum, Sophora japonica, and Plumeria rubra) (57.6%) or selfheal fruit spike (Prunella vulgaris) (42.4%).
"Hot Qi" is often used by Chinese parents to describe symptoms in their children in Hong Kong. Place of birth of parents and age of the children are main factors for parents to apply the term "Hot Qi" to describe symptoms of their children. The common symptoms of "Hot Qi" suggest infections or allergy.
To estimate the prevalence of snoring, witnessed sleep apnea, teeth grinding, primary and secondary nocturnal enuresis, and sleep duration in Hong Kong primary school children.
Cross-sectional ...telephone questionnaire survey in a community.
A total of 3,047 6-to 12-year-old apparently healthy children.
Those who agreed to the study were contacted by telephone. Survey questions were asked about the symptoms of the different sleep disorders, and the frequency of each positive symptom was noted for the preceding 1 week.
Prevalence and risk factors of sleep disorders in Hong Kong primary school children.
The prevalence of the following sleep symptoms was listed as follows: habitual snoring (10.9%), witnessed sleep apnea (1.5%), nocturnal enuresis (5.1%), and sleep teeth grinding (20.5%). Significant risk factors for habitual snoring included witnessed sleep apnea, mouth breathing during sleep, snoring in first-degree relatives, headache on rising, male gender, allergic rhinitis, and sleep teeth grinding. Significant risk factors for witnessed sleep apnea included habitual snoring, allergic rhinitis, tiredness on rising, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Poor academic results were associated with present of witnessed sleep apnea and absence of sleep teeth grinding. None of the sleep problem was associated with poor conduct results. The mean sleep duration was 8.79 h (SD 0.96).
This study provides epidemiologic data of sleep-disordered breathing, enuresis, sleep teeth grinding, and duration of sleep in Chinese primary school children in Hong Kong.
We described a case of obstructive sleep apnea secondary (OSAS) to pharyngomalacia and laryngomalacia in a neonate with Down syndrome. She presented with oxygen requirement and paradoxical breathing ...without stridor. Sleep polysomnography revealed obstructive apnea (obstructive apneic index of 14
h
−1). Flexible bronchoscopy revealed collapsed velopharynx and omega-shaped larynx leading to the diagnosis of pharyngolaryngomalacia. She was treated with nasal prong continuous positive airway pressure. On this treatment, repeat polysomnography revealed abolition of obstructive apnea. Our case leads us to speculate that pharyngomalacia is an under-recognized condition in Down syndrome because this is expected to occur as part of generalized floppiness of airway of Down syndrome. In fact pharyngomalacia is a newly described clinical entity, which if unnoticed is associated with failure of supraglottoplasty in relieving symptoms of airway obstruction of laryngomalacia.
PDF
