Studies of radiation induced defects continue to be relevant as they find an ever greater application due to the increasing radiation doses to which semiconductor detectors are exposed. Efforts of ...figuring out the changes due to high radiation doses provide the fundamental motivation for this type of experiments. The PIN diode is described, and a developmental disorder caused thereto by 60Co source gamma quanta ranging from 100kGy to 1MGy. The calibration curve shows the effect of disturbances on the volt-ampere characteristics as a function of the dose of gamma radiation. The results are compared with earlier published data.
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•We have studied Si PIN diode dosimeters irradiated by gamma.•We measured DLTS spectra and calculated energy traps caused by gamma irradiation.•Increasing dose caused creation of new traps and disappearance of others.
Characterization of radiation defects is still ongoing and finds greater application in the increasing radiation doses on semiconductor detectors in experiments. Studying the changes of silicon PIN ...diode for high doses of radiation is the fundamental motivation for our measurements. In this article we describe the behavior of the PIN diode and development of the disorder caused by neutrons from a 252Cf and doses up to 8 Gy. The calibration curve for PIN diode shows the effect of disorders as the changes of the voltampere characteristics depending on the dose of neutron irradiation. The measured values for defects are in good agreement with created energy traps.
The level of defects in a semiconductor silicon detector diode made of high resistivity N type material and exposed to neutrons in a research nuclear reactor was examined by measuring the thermally ...stimulated current (TSC). A modified TSC method was employed where the released charge was measured in the reverse direction on a diode with zero bias voltage. Electrons captured in cooled traps due to the photoelectric effect are released when the material is heated. The detector was irradiated with an integral neutron flux of 7.63 x 10 super(15) n/cm super(2).
We have measured the radiation tolerance of poly-crystalline and single-crystalline diamonds grown by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process by measuring the charge collected before and after ...irradiation in a 50 m pitch strip detector fabricated on each diamond sample. We irradiated one group of sensors with 800 MeV protons, and a second group of sensors with 24 GeV protons, in steps, to protons cm−2 and protons cm−2 respectively. We observe the sum of mean drift paths for electrons and holes for both poly-crystalline CVD diamond and single-crystalline CVD diamond decreases with irradiation fluence from its initial value according to a simple damage curve characterized by a damage constant for each irradiation energy and the irradiation fluence. We find for each irradiation energy the damage constant, for poly-crystalline CVD diamond to be the same within statistical errors as the damage constant for single-crystalline CVD diamond. We find the damage constant for diamond irradiated with 24 GeV protons to be and the damage constant for diamond irradiated with 800 MeV protons to be . Moreover, we observe the pulse height decreases with fluence for poly-crystalline CVD material and within statistical errors does not change with fluence for single-crystalline CVD material for both 24 GeV proton irradiation and 800 MeV proton irradiation. Finally, we have measured the uniformity of each sample as a function of fluence and observed that for poly-crystalline CVD diamond the samples become more uniform with fluence while for single-crystalline CVD diamond the uniformity does not change with fluence.
Diamond detector technology, status and perspectives Alexopoulos, A.; Artuso, M.; Bachmair, F. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
04/2019, Letnik:
924, Številka:
C
Journal Article
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Detectors based on Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) diamond have been used extensively and successfully in beam conditions/beam loss monitors as the innermost detectors in the highest radiation areas ...of Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments. The startup of the LHC in 2015 brought a new milestone where the first polycrystalline CVD (pCVD) diamond pixel modules were installed in an LHC experiment and successfully began operation. The RD42 collaboration at CERN is leading the effort to develop polycrystalline CVD diamond as a material for tracking detectors operating in extreme radiation environments. The status of the RD42 project with emphasis on recent beam test results is presented.
•Successful operation of the first pCVD diamond planar pixel detector in the ATLAS experiment at the LHC.•Demonstration that the average signal pulse height of pCVD diamond detectors irradiated up to 5×014n∕cm2 is independent of the particle flux up to ∼20 MHz/cm2.•Successful fabrication and operation of the first pCVD diamond 3D pixel detector with 50 micron × 50 micron cells read out with CMS pixel electronics with 3 cell × 2 cell ganging into pixels to match the electronics.•Demonstration that in the pCVD diamond 3D pixel device the efficiency for a MIP was 99% when operating with a 1500 e threshold.
Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) diamond is being considered as a material for particle detectors in a harsh radiation environment. This article presents beam test results of 3D pixel detectors ...fabricated with poly-crystalline CVD diamonds. The cells of the devices had a size of 50µm×50µm with columns 2.6µm in diameter. The cells were ganged in a 3×2 and 5×1 pattern to match the layouts of the pixel read-out electronics currently used in the CMS and ATLAS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider, respectively. In beam tests, using tracks reconstructed with a high precision tracking telescope, a tracking efficiency of 99.3% was achieved. The efficiency of both devices plateaus at a bias voltage of 30V. Also irradiated poly-crystalline CVD diamond pad detectors were investigated. In high rate beam tests with particle fluxes up to 20MHz/cm2 and irradiations up to 8 ⋅ 1015n/cm2 it was shown that the pulse height of irradiated poly-crystalline CVD diamonds does not depend on flux to the O2%.
Results on radiation tolerance of diamond detectors Venturi, N.; Alexopoulos, A.; Artuso, M. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
04/2019, Letnik:
924, Številka:
C
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In sight of the luminosity increase of the High Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC), most experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are planning upgrades for their innermost layers in the next 5–10 ...years. These upgrades will require more radiation tolerant technologies than exist today. Usage of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) diamond as detector material is one of the potentially interesting technologies for the upgrade. CVD diamond has been used extensively in the beam condition monitors of BaBar, Belle, CDF and all LHC experiments. Measurements of the radiation tolerance of the highest quality polycrystalline CVD material for a range of proton energies, pions and neutrons obtained with this material are presented. In addition, new results on the evolution of various semiconductor parameters as a function of the dose rate are described.
Radiation tolerance of diamond detectors Bäni, L; Artuso, M; Bachmair, F ...
Journal of physics. Conference series,
11/2022, Letnik:
2374, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Diamond is used as detector material in high energy physics experiments due to its inherent radiation tolerance. The RD42 collaboration has measured the radiation tolerance of chemical vapour ...deposition (CVD) diamond against proton, pion, and neutron irradiation. Results of this study are summarized in this article. The radiation tolerance of diamond detectors can be further enhanced by using a 3D electrode geometry. We present preliminary results of a poly-crystalline CVD (pCVD) diamond detector with a 3D electrode geometry after irradiation and compare to planar devices of roughly the same thickness.
Skindex-29 and Skindex-16 are validated measures of the effects of skin diseases on patients' quality of life. This article reviews the development of both versions of Skindex, discusses their ...measurement properties and interpretability, and gives examples of how they have been used and adapted for dermatologic research internationally. Studies of quality of life in patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer are described to illustrate the use of Skindex to understand quality of life and to compare effectiveness of different treatments for this highly prevalent condition.
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