Objective
To assess the accuracy of dynamic computer‐assisted implant surgery.
Materials and methods
An electronic search up to March 2020 was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central ...Register of Controlled Trial to identify studies using dynamic navigation in implant surgery, and additional manual search was performed as well. Clinical trials and model studies were selected. The primary outcome was accuracy. A single‐arm meta‐analysis of continuous data was conducted. Meta‐regression was utilized for comparison on study design, guidance method, jaw, and systems.
Results
Ten studies, four randomized controlled trials (RCT) and six prospective studies, met the inclusion criteria. A total of 1,298 drillings and implants were evaluated. The meta‐analysis of the accuracy (five clinical trials and five model studies) revealed average global platform deviation, global apex deviation, and angular deviation were 1.02 mm, 95% CI (0.83, 1.21), 1.33 mm, 95% CI (0.98, 1.67), and 3.59°, 95% CI (2.09, 5.09). Meta‐regression shown no difference between model studies and clinical trials (p = .295, 0.336, 0.185), drilling holes and implant (p = .36, 0.279, 0.695), maxilla and mandible (p = .875, 0.632, 0.281), and five different systems (p = .762, 0.342, 0.336).
Conclusion
Accuracy of dynamic computer‐aided implant surgery reaches a clinically acceptable range and has potential in clinical usage, but more patient‐centered outcomes and socio‐economic benefits should be reported.
The main purpose of the paper is to investigate the relationship between technological innovation and income inequality for China based on the financial Kuznets curve (FKC) hypothesis. The study uses ...time-series data from 1985 to 2019. We employ the Johansen cointegration, ARDL model and VECM Granger causality techniques to analyze the links between the variables. We also use the DOLS, FMOLS and CCR mechanisms to estimate the long-run parameters. The paper finds that the FKC is valid for China's economy in the long run. Technological innovation positively affects the urban-rural income gap, while there is an inverted-U shaped between financial development and the urban-rural income gap. The relationship between financial development and the urban-rural income gap is bi-directional causality. Technological innovation and the urban-rural income gap cause each other. Empirical results suggest a twofold policy meaning: i) to further the financial system and ii) to eliminate the adverse impacts of technological innovations on income distribution.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Few studies have investigated current English-medium Instruction (EMI) programmes for international students studying in universities in China's mainland. The present study applies Spolsky's language ...policy framework to analyze Chinese EMI programmes in terms of language ideology, language management, and language practices on the national level, the university level and the individual level. Data are collected from policy statements, interviews, and questionnaires. This study finds that in EMI programmes for international students, language belief lays the foundation for meso-level language management. Guided by macro beliefs, meso institutions use the management tools of curriculum design, instructional staff management, and evaluation to implement EMI programmes. Language practice is influenced by and modifies beliefs and management. In practice, professional learning is prioritised, and a slight mismatch between the language support provided by the institutions and international students' actual expectations is found. This study contributes to the development and implementation of EMI in Chinese higher education.
Etomidate is a sedative and hypnotic drug through intravenous administration that act on the central nervous system through GABA (Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid) receptors, which is widely used in ...anesthesia induction and maintenance and long-term sedation in severe patients. The study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of two etomidate fat emulsions after administration through the intravenous infusion pump in healthy Chinese subjects. A randomized, open-label, 2-period crossover study was performed in 52 healthy subjects. The wash-out period was 7 days. Blood samples and pharmacodynamic index values were collected at the specified time points. Etomidate concentrations were measured using validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed using a non-compartment model method. Pharmacodynamic parameters were calculated using pharmacodynamic index values. The study also evaluated the safety of the etomidate. Both the pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamic parameters result of the test and reference formulation were very similar. The 90% confidence intervals (CI) of the geometric least-squares mean (GLSM) ratios of the test to reference formulation were 91.33-104.96% for the maximum plasma concentration (C
), 97.21-102.03% for the area under the plasma concentration time curve from time 0 to the time of the last measurable concentration (AUC
), and 97.22-102.33% for the area under the plasma concentration time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC
). Meanwhile, the 90% CI of the GLSM ratios of the test to reference formulation were 102.28-110.69% for the minimal BIS value (BIS
), 99.23-101.17% for the area under the BIS time curve from time 0-60 min after administration (BISAUC
), respectively. The 90% CI of these pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters all fall in the accepted bioequivalence range of 80.00-125.00%. No serious adverse events occurred during the study. This study has shown that the etomidate fat emulsion test and reference formulation had similar pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics in vivo. The two formulations exhibited good safety and well-tolerance.Clinical trials registration number: http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/index.html . # CTR20191836.
Under the background of "the Belt and Road" and "the economic corridor of China, Mongolia and Russia" initiatives, it is of great significance to study the temporal and spatial economic pattern in ...the Russian Federation. Based on the economic development difference index, regional economic grade index, global trend analysis tool and spatial autocorrelation model, this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial pattern evolution characteristics of Russian economic differences from 2002 to 2020. The results are as following. First, although the economic imbalance among various federal subjects has been decreasing, the economic polarization has been still severe between the prosperous developed regions and the stagnant backward regions during 2002-2020. Russia's economy shows a trend of changing from significant positive correlation in strong agglomeration space to positive correlation in weak agglomeration space, and then to random distribution. Second, there has been great differences of the economic development among various federal subjects. The economic grade of the Russian federal subjects presents a significant spatial differentiation pattern. The Russian Federation's economic resources are concentrated in the first-class federal subject (Moscow City), second-class federal subjects (Tumen Region, Moscow Region and Saint-Petersburg city) and a few third-class federal subjects (Yamalo-Nenetsky Autonomous Area, Khanty-Mansiysky Autonomous Area, Republic of Tatarstan, Krasnodar Territory, Sverdlovsk Region, etc). Third, the Russian Federation's economy presents "High Core, Low Periphery", "High West, Low East" and "High south, Low north" spatial differentiation pattern. The economic hot regions coincide with the high-class economic regions, which are mainly distributed in the contiguous areas of Ural Federal District and Volga Federal District, as well as the Moscow City, Moscow Region, Saint-Petersburg city, Krasnodar Territory and Rostov Region. The economic cold regions coincide with the low-class economic regions, which are mainly located in the Far East Federal District, the east of Siberian Federal District, the north of North West Federal District and the south of North-Caucasian Federal District. Finally, we suggest the recommendation for policy makers in Russia. And we propose the future research ideas.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Under the background of “the Belt and Road” and “the economic corridor of China, Mongolia and Russia” initiatives, it has great value to study the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of ...the coordinated development between the urbanization and ecological environment in eastern Russia (the Siberian Federal District and the Far East Federal District). In this paper, we studied the urbanization development level, eco-environment development level, and their coupling coordinated development degree during 2005–2018 in the eastern Russia from the perspectives of the 3D global trend and 2D plane analysis. First, combining with the Population-Economic-Sociology and Pressure-State-Response models, the urbanization development level and eco-environment development level were calculated by the comprehensive weighting method of entropy weight and variation coefficient for eastern Russia. Second, the coupling coordinated development degree of the urbanization development level and eco-environment development level was measured by the coupling coordination model for eastern Russia. Finally, the spatial differentiation of the urbanization development level, the eco-environment development level and their coupling coordinated development degree was performed respectively by the 3D global trend and 2D plane analysis using ArcGIS. The results are as following. First, the comprehensive urbanization development level of eastern Russia has increased from 2005 to 2018, and the economic urbanization is the main factor that affects the urbanization development in eastern Russia. The comprehensive eco-environment development level of eastern Russia has decreased from 2005 to 2018, and the eco-environment pressure is the main factor that affects the eco-environment development in eastern Russia. The coupling coordination degree of the urbanization development and eco-environment development has increased from 2005 to 2018. However, it is still in the uncoordinated stage. Second, from 2005 to 2018, the urbanization development level of the Siberian Federal District is higher than that of the Far East Federal District. The eco-environment development level of the Siberian Federal District is balanced to that of the Far East Federal District. The coupling coordination degree of the Siberian Federal District is higher than that of the Far East Federal District. Among the Siberian and Far East Federal Districts, most of the federal subjects belong to the uncoordinated stage of the urbanization development and the eco-environment development. Third, the urbanization development level, the eco-environment development level, and their coupling coordinated development level are all spatially imbalanced in the eastern Russia, which show the “High West, Low East” and “High Center, Low North and Low South” spatial pattern from the perspectives of the 3D global trend and 2D plane analysis. The areas with high levels are concentrated in the Novosibirsk Region, Altay Territory, Kemerovo Region, Krasnoyarsk Territory, and Irkutsk Region. The areas with low ones are mostly in the Republic of Altay and Chukotka Autonomous Area. Finally, we suggest policies and strategies that can boost the growth and development of the urbanization and the eco-environment in the Sino-Russian border areas.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The titanium (Ti) implant is widely used in implant dentistry; yet peri‐implantitis has always been one of the most common and serious complications. Here, we demonstrated that magnesium‐doping would ...be an effective way of enhancing the integration between implant surfaces and gingival tissues, which is critical to peri‐implant health. The magnesium (2.76–6.35 at %) was immobilized onto the titanium substrate by a magnesium plasma immersion ion implantation (Mg‐PIII) technique. Mg‐PIII treatments did not alter surface topographies of the original titanium substrate but improved its hydrophilicity. The in vitro study including cell viability, adhesion, proliferation, migration, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction assays disclosed improved adhesion, proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix remodeling abilities of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) on the magnesium‐doped titanium. The results of western blot suggested that the Mg‐modified titanium induced the phosphorylation of AKT through the activation of PI3K. Our results revealed that magnesium‐doping would potentially enhance soft tissue sealings by promoting cellular functions of HGFs in a dose‐dependent manner, boding well for its applications on surfaces of implant necks in early peri‐implant soft tissue integrations.
A novel template-free electrochemical approach is developed to fabricate Ni(OH)2/NiO/Ni composite nanotube arrays. The as-fabricated Ni(OH)2/NiO/Ni composite nanotube array electrodes show prominent ...pseudocapacitance properties, especially at high current rates.
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•Ni(OH)2/NiO/Ni composite nanotube arrays are fabricated by an electrochemical method.•The inner diameter of the composite nanotube arrays can be conveniently tuned.•The composite nanotube arrays show high electrochemical cycling stability.•The composite nanotube arrays exhibit large capacitances at high current rates.
Transition metal oxide nanostructures are one of current investigation focuses for energy storage applications. We herein report a novel template-free electrochemical approach to fabricate Ni(OH)2/NiO/Ni composite nanotube array films on the nickel substrate. The inner diameter of the composite nanotubes can be effectively tuned by tailoring the concentration of Cu2+ in the precursor solutions. The as-constructed composite nanotube array film electrode, which is fabricated by the electrochemical approach using the 0.1M Cu2+ containing precursor solution, delivers the specific capacitance of 1070Fg−1 at the current density of 15Ag−1 after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles. The specific capacitance of the cycled electrode at 150A g−1 is as much as 79.3% of that at 15Ag−1, demonstrating its excellent rate capability. The cycled electrode presents a high specific energy density of 31.4 Wh kg−1 at a larger power density of 11.1kWkg−1. The excellent pseudocapacitive performance of the Ni(OH)2/NiO/Ni composite nanotube array electrodes can be attributed to their unique structure characteristics.
We have successfully fabricated the thin Co3O4 nanosheet arrays on 3D porous graphene/nickel foam by a novel and facile strategy. The as-constructed thin Co3O4 nanosheet array electrode with a 3D ...hierarchically porous architecture shows the superior pseudocapacitive performance with a high specific capacitance of 2459Fg⿿1 after 2000 cycles at the current density of 8Ag⿿1.
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Thin Co3O4 nanosheet arrays are fabricated by a novel and facile strategy.Thin Co3O4 nanosheet arrays have a 3D hierarchically porous architecture.The introduction of graphene layer improves the pseudocapacitive performance.The thin Co3O4 nanosheet arrays deliver high specific capacitances.The thin Co3O4 nanosheet arrays show excellent cycling stability.
Transition metal oxide nanostructures are one of current investigation focuses for supercapacitors. We herein report a novel and facile approach to fabricate Co3O4 nanosheet arrays on 3D porous graphene/nickel foam. A graphene layer with the sharp edges and wrinkles is obtained on nickel foam by an electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The 2D thin Co3O4 nanosheets are further grown on the 3D porous graphene/nickel foam substrate through a hydrothermal synthesis, forming a 3D hierarchically porous architecture. The as-fabricated thin Co3O4 nanosheet array on graphene/nickel foam delivers a high specific capacitance of 3533Fg⿿1 at a current of 1Ag⿿1. The array electrode still shows a specific capacitance of 2222Fg⿿1 even at a high rate (20Ag⿿1), demonstrating its prominent rate capability. Furthermore, the array electrode also exhibits the excellent electrochemical cycling stability with a specific capacitance of 2459Fg⿿1 after 2000 cycles at a current of 8Ag⿿1. The superior pseudocapacitive performance of the array electrode can be attributed to its unique structure characteristics. The thin Co3O4 nanosheet array electrode with superior pseudocapacitive performance reveals the promising potential as a high-performance electrode for supercapacitors.
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•Wetland vegetation response to seasonal lake hydrological conditions was conducted.•Long-term vegetation monitoring in wetlands can be facilitated by GEE.•A significant increase in ...Carex occurred in Dongting Lake after TGD.•Wetland vegetation responded differently to water levels.
Periodic hydrological processes of seasonal lakes are the dominant factors leading to the development of vegetation communities and ecological processes. Dongting Lake is a typical seasonal lake in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its hydrological conditions have changed significantly due to the construction of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD). However, there are knowledge gaps in the responses of wetland vegetation dynamics to the changes of hydrological conditions, especially in cloudy and rainy regions, where continuous large-scale monitoring is still challenging. In this study, by using time series of Landsat data on Google Earth Engine, a long-term cloudless remote sensing images dataset of Dongting Lake during the dry season was constructed. The multi-year wetland vegetation from 2003 to 2020 was mapped using the random forest model. Relationships between wetland vegetation dynamics and hydrological conditions (e.g., water level and inundation character) were examined using correlation and linear analysis. Results revealed that wetland vegetation in the Dongting Lake experienced significant inter-annual spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamic equilibrium with a slight increase during the post-TGD period. Only Carex communities at elevations above 28 m and below 26 m displayed apparent changes. Reed communities have relatively high selectivity to inundation frequency, and are affected mainly by changes in water levels during the dry season of the current year. Hydrological conditions during the rising period have an important impact on the first growth and reproduction stage of Carex, while higher water levels or more rapid surface submergence lead to a decrease in seed density in the soil of low-elevation floodplains. This study deepens our knowledge of changes of wetland vegetation and their response to hydrological conditions, and is of great significance to the ecological protection and restoration of Dongting Lake.
