GATA-binding factor (GATA) proteins are the transcription factor (TF) family that are commonly involved in plant growth and development. The GATA TF family has been successfully identified and ...characterized for various higher plant species, but there is little research on the GATA TF family in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). In this present study, a total of 32 CqGATA genes were identified and analyzed in the quinoa genome. While the general features of the CqGATA TFs in quinoa were slightly variable, the majority of genes encoding the CqGATA TFs contained two and three exons. Our phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the CqGATA TFs could be classified into four different groups. Gene expression analysis indicated that the expression profiles of the CqGATA genes varied in different tissues. Overall, our study could provide a reference for further functional characterization of the CqGATA genes in quinoa.
Due to the extremely complex geological conditions in the Bohai Strait, active faults is very developed and earthquake activity occurs frequently. It is of great importance to evaluate the regional ...crustal stability for the planning and construction of the Trans-straits Passage. In this study, the authors carry out the evaluation by means of buffer analysis, topology analysis and overlay analysis based on ArcGIS software. The evaluation mainly analyzed six assessment factors of Bohai Strait including neotectonic activity, active faults distribution, seismicity, tectonic stress fields, Bouguer gravity anomaly and geological disasters. In brief, the crustal stability of the eastern North Yellow Sea Basin is best, while that of the Bohai Basin and southwest Bohai Strait is poor. Meanwhile, small and frequent earthquakes in the southern Strait and geological disasters developed in the northern and central Strait such as tidal ridge and shallow gas which may adversely impact on the Trans-straits Passage construction.
The research was conducted to complete technological protocol of biomass production of algae Nannochloropsis oculata with both culture methods in plastic bags and photo-bioreactor systems. The ...results show that in the nylon bag system, algae reached a peak of biomass density at day-8 of culture with 80 million cells per ml. In the photo-bioreactor systems, algae were higher density (180 million cells per ml), and longer period of culture (15 days of culture) than in plastic bags. The total products of 404.4 kg of fresh concetrated algae and 57.6 kg of dried algae powder which were suitable produced under climate conditions in Nghe An. All the algae products met the quality and requirements for use as food for aquatic animals as well as raw materials for the production of functional foods for humans.
We determined species diversity, seasonal reproduction, and echolocation patterns in the bat community of Bidoup Nui Ba National Park (BNBNP), Lam Dong Province, on the Dalat Plateau of the Central ...Highlands of Vietnam. We documented 27 species with 211 individuals captured in 26 994 m2 mist-net-hours and 3015 m2 harp-trap-hours of effort. We found five species of pteropodids and 22 species of insectivorous bats in four families, including regional records and species seldom captured in Vietnam. Bat species richness at BNBNP is now known to be 33 species, including six found in a prior study. Based on the inverse Simpson Index of Diversity, evenness of captures was low, reflecting the high abundance of a few species with many species documented by just one or two individuals. Insectivorous bats were pregnant in the late dry season, but not during the wet season when lactation occurred and volant juveniles were captured. Echolocation call characteristics were determined for 19 species of insectivorous bats. Call patterns were consistent with some but not all reports in the literature from elsewhere in southeast Asia. This suggests the existence of cryptic species or geographic and habitat variability in echolocation calls of southeast Asian bats that requires further study.
Plant trehalose has been regarded to play a key role in various biological processes during the growth and development stages. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate ...phosphatase (TPP) are two important enzymes for the synthesis of plant trehalose. Up till now, the TPS and TPP gene families have been identified and characterized in numerous higher plant species, but are rarely recorded in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea). In this study, a comprehensive search was performed to identify all putative TPS and TPP proteins in the peanut genome using Arabidopsis TPS and TPP proteins as queries. We then analyzed the characteristics of TPS and TPP members, including physic-chemical parameters, subcellular localization, phylogeny relationships, gene duplication, and expression patterns by various computational tools. As a result, a total of 17 ArahyTPS and 15 ArahyTPP genes were identified and annotated in the peanut genome, which was expanded by segmental duplication events. Our Neighbor-Joining based phylogenetic tree indicated that the ArahyTPS and ArahyTPP proteins could be categorized into three and two major branches. Gene structures and protein features analysis exhibited that the ArahyTPS and ArahyTPP proteins shared high structural and functional similarities. Based on previous RNA-Seq datasets, a majority of the ArahyTPS and ArahyTPP genes were found to specifically express in at least one major organ/tissue during the growth and development. This work will not only lead to a solid foundation on reveal the potential roles of ArahyTPS and ArahyTPP gene families in peanuts but also provide evidence to related trehalose research in other higher plant species.
Anoikis is defined as apoptosis, which is induced by inappropriate cell–matrix interactions. Cancer cells with anoikis resistance tend to undergo metastasis, and this phenomenon has been reported to ...be associated with integrin and FAK activity. HPW-RX40 is a derivative of 3,4-methylenedioxy-β-nitrostyrene, which is known to prevent platelet aggregation by inhibition of integrin. In the present study, we investigated the effect of HPW-RX40 on an anoikis-resistant human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. HPW-RX40 inhibited cell aggregation and induced cell death in suspending MDA-MB-231 cells, but had only little effect on the monolayer growth of adherent cells. Analysis of caspase activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage confirmed anoikis in HPW-RX40-treated suspending cancer cells. HPW-RX40 also affected the Bcl-2 family proteins in detached cancer cells. Furthermore, HPW-RX40 inhibited detachment-induced activation of FAK and the downstream phosphorylation of Src and paxillin, but did not affect this pathway in adherent cancer cells. We also found that the expression and activation of β1 integrin in MDA-MB-231 cells were reduced by HPW-RX40. The combination of HPW-RX40 with an EGFR inhibitor led to enhanced anoikis and inhibition of the FAK pathway in breast cancer cells. Taken together, our results suggest that HPW-RX40 restores the anoikis sensitivity in the metastatic breast cancer cells by inhibiting integrin and subsequent FAK activation, and reveal a potential strategy for prevention of tumor metastasis.
•The β-nitrostyrene derivative, HPW-RX40, induces anoikis in human breast cancer cells.•HPW-RX40 inhibits the integrin/FAK signaling pathway.•The combination of HPW-RX40 with an EGFR inhibitor leads to enhanced anoikis.•HPW-RX40 may have a potential to prevent the spread of metastatic breast cancer.
Camellia L. is a precious medicinal plant with 16 different species and high economic value. In Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc, Camellia L. is rich in ingredients. Anthracnose is a severe disease ...caused by fungi on the leaves of Camellia L., however, research of the fungus causing anthracnose on leaves of Camellia L. in Vietnam remains limited. In this study, anthracnose-infected leaves of Camellia tamdaoensis Ninh et Hakoda in Tam Dao National Park were collected, and the causative agent was isolated. Eleven fungal strains that cause anthracnose were obtained through gene sequence identification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. One fungal strain was selected to isolate DNA and determine the gene sequence of the ITS region. Based on this ITSsequence, the causative agent on leaves of C. tamdaoensis Ninh et Hakodawas Colletotrichum siamense TD1. The ITS sequence was determined to be 522 bp in length, 52.30% of guanine-cytosine (GC) content, and was registered on GenBank with accession number OK560718. Pathogenicity tests were conducted to fulfil Koch’s postulates. This is the first report of anthracnose leaf spots of C. tamdaoensis Ninh et Hakodacaused by C. siamense TD1in Vietnam. The results of anthracnose fungi provide helpful information for disease management and are necessary for future studies on selecting disease-resistant varieties of Camellia L.
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