A future electron ion collider (EIC) will be able to provide collisions of polarized electrons with protons and heavy ions over a wide range of center-of-mass energies (20 GeV to 140 GeV) at an ...instantaneous luminosity of 1033−1034 cm−2 s−1. One of its promising physics programs is the study of the partonic structure of quasireal photons. Measuring dijets in quasireal photoproduction events, one can effectively access the underlying parton dynamics of the photons. In this paper, we discuss the feasibility of tagging resolved photon processes and measuring the dijet cross section as a function of jet transverse momentum in the range of 0.01<xγrec<1 at an EIC. It will be shown that both unpolarized and polarized parton distributions in the photon can be extracted, and that the flavor of the parton can be tagged at an EIC.
Recent studies have shown that the ambient plasma in the near-Earth magnetotail can be compressed by the arrival of a dipolarization front (DF). In this paper we study the variations in the ...characteristics of currents flowing in this compressed region ahead of the DF, particularly the changes in the cross-tail current, using observations from the THEMIS satellites. Since we do not know whether the changes in the cross-tail current lead to a field-aligned current formation or just form a current loop in the magnetosphere, we thus use redistribution to represent these changes of local current density. We found that (1) the redistribution of the cross-tail current is a common feature preceding DFs; (2) the redistribution of cross-tail current is caused by plasma pressure gradient ahead of the DF and (3) the resultant net current redistributed by a DF is an order of magnitude smaller than the typical total current associated with a moderate substorm current wedge (SCW). Moreover, our results also suggest that the redistributed current ahead of the DF is closed by currents on the DF itself, forming a closed current loop around peaks in plasma pressure, what is traditionally referred to as a banana current.
The International Transporter Consortium (ITC) organized a second workshop in March 2012 to expand on the themes developed during the inaugural ITC workshop held in 2008. The final session of the ...workshop provided perspectives from regulatory and industry‐based scientists, with input from academic scientists, and focused primarily on the decision trees published from the first workshop. These decision trees have become a central part of subsequent regulatory drug–drug interaction (DDI) guidances issued over the past few years.
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2013); 94 1, 113–125. doi:10.1038/clpt.2013.77
The capability to embed self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) at predefined positions in nanophotonic structures is key to the development of complex quantum-photonic architectures. Here, we demonstrate ...that QDs can be deterministically positioned in nanophotonic waveguides by pre-locating QDs relative to a global reference frame using micro-photoluminescence (μPL) spectroscopy. After nanofabrication, μPL images reveal misalignments between the central axis of the waveguide and the embedded QD of only (9 ± 46) nm and (1 ± 33) nm for QDs embedded in undoped and doped membranes, respectively. A priori knowledge of the QD positions allows us to study the spectral changes introduced by nanofabrication. We record average spectral shifts ranging from 0.1 nm to 1.1 nm, indicating that the fabrication-induced shifts can generally be compensated by electrical or thermal tuning of the QDs. Finally, we quantify the effects of the nanofabrication on the polarizability, the permanent dipole moment, and the emission frequency at vanishing electric field of different QD charge states, finding that these changes are constant down to QD-surface separations of only 70 nm. Consequently, our approach deterministically integrates QDs into nanophotonic waveguides whose light-fields contain nanoscale structure and whose group index varies at the nanometer level.
Please cite this paper as: Yang X‐Y, Yu H, Li K‐M, Chu Y‐X, Zheng A. Uterine artery embolisation combined with local methotrexate for treatment of caesarean scar pregnancy. BJOG 2010;117:990–996.
...Objective The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of uterine artery embolisation (UAE) combined with local methotrexate (MTX) for the treatment of caesarean scar pregnancy, compared with other traditional modalities, and to investigate the complications associated with this treatment.
Design A retrospective cohort study.
Setting A large obstetrics and gynaecology unit within a university hospital in China.
Sample Women who were diagnosed with a caesarean scar pregnancy between January 2003 and December 2008, and who had informative case records, were included in the study.
Methods We reviewed the results for all women who received one of three treatments: dilation and curettage (D&C) (11 patients; group A), systemic MTX (17 patients; group B), and UAE and local MTX (38 patients; group C).
Main outcome measures The main outcome measures were success rate, blood loss, time for β human chorionic gonadotrophin (β‐hCG) to decline to normal values, and the duration of hospital stay. Success was defined as a complete recovery with no severe complications and with the preservation of fertility.
Results A total of 66 women diagnosed with caesarean scar pregnancy between January 2003 and December 2008 were identified, and their data were analysed. The success rate in group C was significantly higher than that in groups A and B after adjusting for β‐hCG level (89.5 versus 27.3 and 58.8%, respectively; P < 0.001). The mean blood loss in group C was lower than in the other two groups (240.5 versus 855.5 and 639.4 ml, respectively; P = 0.008 and 0.009, respectively). The average time for β‐hCG to decline to normal values was significantly shorter in group C than in group B (28.1 versus 44.3 days; P = 0.021). A significantly shorter duration of hospital stay was observed in group C compared with group B (12.5 versus 22.0 days; P = 0.024).
Conclusions UAE combined with local MTX is of benefit to women wishing to preserve fertility, and is suitable for use as the primary treatment for caesarean scar pregnancy.
We have studied the relay propagation of a partially coherent cosh–Gaussian–Schell beam in turbulent atmosphere. Analytical expressions for both the cross-spectral density at the relay system and ...average intensity at the target are derived. By using the analytical expressions some special cases are studied and some numerical simulation comparisons are made, especially the effects of the coherence of the beam, turbulence strength, aperture and its size on the relay propagation. Our study shows that the effects of diffraction and coherence of initial beam on the intensity profiles at the relay system are so small that they can be neglected when the effects due to turbulence are large enough. Even though the correction to the receiving beam at relay system is important, it is not necessary to improve the receiving beam when the effect of turbulence over the travel path is strong. A high peak intensity at target can be obtained by optimizing these factors, such as propagation distance, aperture and spatial correlation length.
When graphite is present, carbon‐bearing species dissolve in the C‐O‐H fluid and lower the activity of water (aH2O). Accordingly, metamorphic reactions that involve water, namely dehydration and ...partial melting reactions, adjust their P–T positions to accommodate the change of aH2O. In this modelling study, pseudosections are calculated for graphite‐bearing systems that are either closed or that progressively lose fluid and/or melt. The diagrams incorporate a new model of CO2 solubility in felsic melts that we derived to be compatible with a recently published melt model. As the result of the lowered aH2O in the carbon‐bearing systems, the temperature displacements of the solidus can be as large as 50 °C at low pressures in cordierite‐bearing zones (<4 kbar), but are smaller than 15 °C at mid‐pressure P–T conditions (4–9 kbar). In the supersolidus region, the phase relations among silicate minerals + melt are very close to those in carbon‐free systems. The fluid CO2 content increases as temperature increases in the supersolidus assemblages. The CO2‐rich fluid can be stable in granulite facies conditions in an oxidized system. In graphitic systems, melt and/or cordierite dominate the CO2 budget of high‐grade rocks. During cooling, the fluid that exsolves from such crystalizing melt is CO2‐rich. In addition to the phase relations, the pseudosections presented in this study enable researchers to quantitatively investigate the evolution of phase modes, including graphite, along specific metamorphic P–T paths. At low pressures in the cordierite stability field, graphite is predicted to precipitate as the pressure increases or temperature decreases in the subsolidus assemblages, or temperature increases in the region of melt + fluid coexistence. On the other hand, the graphite abundance remains nearly constant along the mid‐pressure P–T series, but the graphite mode in the supersolidus region may increase due to residual enrichment if the melt is extracted. The modelling results show that metamorphic processes in closed systems lead to only small changes in graphite mode (a few tenths of a per cent). This strongly suggests that open‐system behaviours are required for large amounts of graphite deposition, including fluid infiltration and mixing or residual enrichment processes in high‐grade rocks. In addition to P–T pseudosections, P/T–XO diagrams (XO = O/(H + O) in the fluid) illustrate the thermodynamic features of internal buffering from another perspective, and explore the dependence of phase relations on the externally imposed redox state. If the system is equilibrated with CO2 or CH4‐rich infiltrating fluid, the temperature displacements of metamorphic reactions can be larger than 50 °C, compared with carbon‐free systems.
To use statistical process control for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) quality assurance (QA) and improve tolerance limits and action limits.
An electronic portal imaging device (EPID) ...was selected to verify IMRT QA. The I-chart and the exponentially weighted moving averages (EWMA) chart were used to analyze the corresponding results.
Twenty samples were used to enable the sampling requirements for building the control limits to be met. The I-chart showed that isolated data points beyond the control limits were mainly derived from complex plans. The EWMA made predictions of systematic errors earlier than the I-chart. Systematic errors primarily originated from the dose calibration on the EPID, and recalibrating the EPID could eliminate such errors.
Statistical process control is an effective tool to detect controllable and can be used in IMRT QA. After calibrating the EPID, the tolerance and action limits all improved and satisfied the requirements/recommended values of the AAPM TG-218 report.
Il vise à utiliser le contrôle de processus statistique pour l’assurance qualité (AQ) de la radiothérapie conformationnelle avec modulation d’intensité (RCMI) et d’améliorer les limites de tolérance et les limites d’action.
Un dispositif d’imagerie portale électronique a été sélectionné pour vérifier l’AQ de la RCMI. L’I-chartet le graphique exponentiel des moyennes mobiles pondérées ont été utilisés pour analyser les résultats correspondants.
Vingt échantillons ont été appliqués pour répondre aux exigences d’échantillonnage pour l’établissement des limites de contrôle. L’I-chart montrait que les points de données isolés en dehors de la plage de contrôle provenaient principalement de plans complexes. Le graphique exponentiel des moyennes mobiles pondérées prédisait les erreurs système plus tôt que l’I-chart. Les erreurs du système provennaient principalement de l’étalonnage de la dose sur le dispositif d’imagerie portale électronique, et le recalibrage du dispositif d’imagerie portale électronique peut éliminer ces erreurs.
Le contrôle statistique des processus s’agit d’un outil efficace pour détecter la contrôlabilité et peut être utilisé pour l’AQ de la RCMI. Après étalonnage du dispositif d’imagerie portale électronique, les limites de tolérance et d’action ont toutes été améliorées et ont satisfait aux exigences/valeurs recommandées du rapport de l’American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) TG-218.
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