To evaluate the impact of poor sleep quality on occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in trauma patients.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the impact of poor sleep quality on occurrence of ...post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in trauma patients.We prospectively recruited 256 trauma patients hospitalized in 4 general hospitals in Zunyi during the period from October, 2021 to November, 2022, and 226 of the participants completed the PTSD survey and assessment. The patients' sleep quality within a month before trauma was estimated using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and their sleep quality within 7 days after admission was monitored by smart bracelet sleep monitoring; the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) was used to detect the occurrence of PTSD during the follow-up.METHODSWe prospectively recruited 256 trauma patients hospitalized in 4 general hospitals in Zunyi during the period from October, 2021 to November, 2022, and 226 of the participants completed the PTSD survey and assessment. The pat
When graphite is present, carbon‐bearing species dissolve in the C‐O‐H fluid and lower the activity of water (aH2O). Accordingly, metamorphic reactions that involve water, namely dehydration and ...partial melting reactions, adjust their P–T positions to accommodate the change of aH2O. In this modelling study, pseudosections are calculated for graphite‐bearing systems that are either closed or that progressively lose fluid and/or melt. The diagrams incorporate a new model of CO2 solubility in felsic melts that we derived to be compatible with a recently published melt model. As the result of the lowered aH2O in the carbon‐bearing systems, the temperature displacements of the solidus can be as large as 50 °C at low pressures in cordierite‐bearing zones (<4 kbar), but are smaller than 15 °C at mid‐pressure P–T conditions (4–9 kbar). In the supersolidus region, the phase relations among silicate minerals + melt are very close to those in carbon‐free systems. The fluid CO2 content increases as temperature increases in the supersolidus assemblages. The CO2‐rich fluid can be stable in granulite facies conditions in an oxidized system. In graphitic systems, melt and/or cordierite dominate the CO2 budget of high‐grade rocks. During cooling, the fluid that exsolves from such crystalizing melt is CO2‐rich. In addition to the phase relations, the pseudosections presented in this study enable researchers to quantitatively investigate the evolution of phase modes, including graphite, along specific metamorphic P–T paths. At low pressures in the cordierite stability field, graphite is predicted to precipitate as the pressure increases or temperature decreases in the subsolidus assemblages, or temperature increases in the region of melt + fluid coexistence. On the other hand, the graphite abundance remains nearly constant along the mid‐pressure P–T series, but the graphite mode in the supersolidus region may increase due to residual enrichment if the melt is extracted. The modelling results show that metamorphic processes in closed systems lead to only small changes in graphite mode (a few tenths of a per cent). This strongly suggests that open‐system behaviours are required for large amounts of graphite deposition, including fluid infiltration and mixing or residual enrichment processes in high‐grade rocks. In addition to P–T pseudosections, P/T–XO diagrams (XO = O/(H + O) in the fluid) illustrate the thermodynamic features of internal buffering from another perspective, and explore the dependence of phase relations on the externally imposed redox state. If the system is equilibrated with CO2 or CH4‐rich infiltrating fluid, the temperature displacements of metamorphic reactions can be larger than 50 °C, compared with carbon‐free systems.
To use statistical process control for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) quality assurance (QA) and improve tolerance limits and action limits.
An electronic portal imaging device (EPID) ...was selected to verify IMRT QA. The I-chart and the exponentially weighted moving averages (EWMA) chart were used to analyze the corresponding results.
Twenty samples were used to enable the sampling requirements for building the control limits to be met. The I-chart showed that isolated data points beyond the control limits were mainly derived from complex plans. The EWMA made predictions of systematic errors earlier than the I-chart. Systematic errors primarily originated from the dose calibration on the EPID, and recalibrating the EPID could eliminate such errors.
Statistical process control is an effective tool to detect controllable and can be used in IMRT QA. After calibrating the EPID, the tolerance and action limits all improved and satisfied the requirements/recommended values of the AAPM TG-218 report.
Il vise à utiliser le contrôle de processus statistique pour l’assurance qualité (AQ) de la radiothérapie conformationnelle avec modulation d’intensité (RCMI) et d’améliorer les limites de tolérance et les limites d’action.
Un dispositif d’imagerie portale électronique a été sélectionné pour vérifier l’AQ de la RCMI. L’I-chartet le graphique exponentiel des moyennes mobiles pondérées ont été utilisés pour analyser les résultats correspondants.
Vingt échantillons ont été appliqués pour répondre aux exigences d’échantillonnage pour l’établissement des limites de contrôle. L’I-chart montrait que les points de données isolés en dehors de la plage de contrôle provenaient principalement de plans complexes. Le graphique exponentiel des moyennes mobiles pondérées prédisait les erreurs système plus tôt que l’I-chart. Les erreurs du système provennaient principalement de l’étalonnage de la dose sur le dispositif d’imagerie portale électronique, et le recalibrage du dispositif d’imagerie portale électronique peut éliminer ces erreurs.
Le contrôle statistique des processus s’agit d’un outil efficace pour détecter la contrôlabilité et peut être utilisé pour l’AQ de la RCMI. Après étalonnage du dispositif d’imagerie portale électronique, les limites de tolérance et d’action ont toutes été améliorées et ont satisfait aux exigences/valeurs recommandées du rapport de l’American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) TG-218.
A strategy for toughening epoxy thermosets via topological rearrangement of cross-linked networks is presented. Amine-cured epoxy systems were modified by mixing partially reacted substructures ...(mPRS), which were synthesized by partially curing tetraglycidyl ether of diaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM) and polyether monoamine (Jeffamine M1000) to provide free unbound surfaces that enhance protovoid formation during deformation. The influence of mPRS conversion and weight ratio on the properties of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and TGDDM systems cured with Jeffamine D230 was investigated. Adding mPRS resulted in high Tg systems capable of exceptional strain at failure in tension: 43% for the DGEBA (Tg = 75 °C) and 20% for the TGDDM (Tg = 135 °C). The addition of mPRS, however, decreases Tg relative to unmodified systems. SEM and SAXS characterization provide evidence of protovoid (18–34 nm) formation. Quasi-static compressive tests conducted at testing temperatures selected to maintain a constant (Tg - Ttest) reveal the protovoid opening mechanism plays a dominant role in enhanced ductility.
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•Control of network topology was used to toughen cross-linked epoxy systems.•Partially reacted substructures based on long-chain monoamines (mPRS) were used.•Epoxies networks with exceptional ductility were created.•Failure tensile strain up to 43% for DGEBA epoxies (Tg = 75 °C) was achieved.•Failure tensile strain up tp 20% for TGDDM (Tg = 135 °C) was obtained.
All known types of auroral zone magnetic activity are associated with closure of open magnetic flux in the magnetotail. As closure is caused by magnetic reconnection we expect to observe fast flows ...during geomagnetic activity. We have scanned the ion flow data during the first pass of the THEMIS D spacecraft through the tail (December 2007 to May 2008), identifying all flows with ∣V⊥x∣ > 150 km/s. These flows generally occur in a sequence of several short bursts (bursty bulk flows). Earthward flows are much more common than tailward flows and are faster than tailward flows. Earthward flows have a longer duration; tailward flows are seen alone or after an earthward flow. Both directions of flow are associated with an increase in tail Bz (dipolarization). Fast flows in either direction are rarely seen inside of 9 RE. Earthward flows are strongly localized in the local time sector 2100–0100 and have a probability distribution identical to that seen in auroral substorm expansions by the IMAGE spacecraft. Tailward flows are also localized but with a peak shifted to 2330 LT. Very close to midnight the flows are slowed and reflected. At other local times they appear to be deflected around the Earth. Fast flows often follow a reduction in Es (GSM VBs) and occur close to the time of a sudden decrease in the AL index. Generally, the first flow burst in a sequence is most closely associated with the AL onset, and its peak follows the AL onset by about 2 min. The probability of observing a fast flow at THEMIS D during steady magnetospheric convection (SMC) events is quite low compared with the probability during an interval before the SMC. Since most of the fast flows carry magnetic flux earthward and are associated with substorm onset seen in the aurora by IMAGE and in the AL index, we interpret them as evidence that magnetic reconnection has occurred in the tail. Near 30 RE in the tail plasmoid ejection has also been associated with substorm onset, so we conclude that the fast flows are created by a new X line formed outside the 11.9 apogee of THEMIS D some time earlier than they are seen at THEMIS D. During SMC it appears that fast flows due to reconnection are deflected around the Earth outside the apogee of the satellite.
Key Points
Fast plasma flows are associated with substorm onsets
Fast flows pileup near midnight but are diverted around Earth elsewhere
Fast flow cause field dipolarization and substorm current wedge
Summary
Bone mineral density (BMD) is an independent risk factor of osteoporosis-related fractures. We performed gene-based burden tests to assess the association between rare variants and BMD, and ...identified several BMD candidate genes.
Purpose
BMD is highly heritable and a major predictor of osteoporotic fractures, but its genetic basis remains unclear. We aimed to identify rare risk variants contributing to BMD.
Methods
Utilizing the newly released UK Biobank 200,643 exome dataset, we conducted a gene-based exome-wide association study in males and females, respectively. First, 100,639 males and 117,338 females with BMD values were included in the polygenic risk scores (PRS) analysis. Among individuals with lower 30% PRS, cases were individuals with top 10% BMD, and individuals with bottom 10% BMD were the controls. Considering the effects of vitamin D (VD), individuals with the highest 30% VD concentration were selected for VD-BMD analysis. After quality control, 741 males and 697 females were included in the BMD analysis, and 717 males and 708 females were included in the VD-BMD analysis. The variants were annotated by ANNOVAR software, then BMD and VD-BMD qualified variants were imported into the SKAT R-package to perform gene-based burden tests, respectively.
Results
The gene-based burden test of the exonic variants identified genome-wide candidate associations in
ANKRD18A
(
P
= 1.60 × 10
−5
,
P
Bonferroni adjust
= 2.11 × 10
−3
),
C22orf31
(
P
= 3.49 × 10
−4
,
P
Bonferroni adjust
= 3.17 × 10
−2
), and
SPATC1L
(
P
= 1.09 × 10
−5
,
P
Bonferroni adjust
= 8.80 × 10
−3
). For VD-BMD analysis, three genes were associated with BMD, such as
NIPAL1
(
P
= 1.06 × 10
−3
,
P
Bonferroni adjust
= 3.91 × 10
−2
).
Conclusions
Our study suggested that rare variants contribute to BMD, providing new sights for broadening the genetic structure of BMD.
As the backbone force of China's social and economic construction, the health status of workers is closely related to the nation's productivity and social development. Currently, cancers have become ...one of the major diseases threatening the health of workers. However, there are still many shortcomings in the cancer screening services for the workers. To standardize cancer screening services for workers, ensure the quality of screening services, and improve the overall screening effectiveness, 19 institutions, including Peking Union Medical College Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, have jointly formulated the Group Standard "Specification for service of cancer screening for workers (T/CHAA 023-2023)". This standard follows the principles of "legality, scientific rigor, advancement, and feasibility" and combines the frontier scientific advances in cancer screening. It clarifies the relevant requirements for service principles, service design, service delivery, service management, service eval
The spatial patterns of earthquake ground motion amplitudes are commonly represented using a double‐couple model that corresponds to shear slip on a planar fault. While this framework has proven ...largely successful in explaining low‐frequency seismic recordings, at higher frequencies the wavefield becomes more azimuthally isotropic for reasons that are not yet well understood. Here, we use a dense array of nodal seismometers in Oklahoma to study the radiation patterns of earthquakes in the near‐source region where the effects of wavefield scattering are limited. At these close distances, the radiation pattern is predominantly double couple at low frequencies (<15 Hz). At higher frequencies, the recorded wavefield contains significant isotropic and residual components that cannot be explained as path or site effects, implying complexity in the rupture process or local fault zone structure. These findings demonstrate that earthquake source complexity can drive variability in the ground motions that control seismic hazard.
Plain Language Summary
The amplitude of the ground motions produced by an earthquake is not constant in all directions, but instead varies systematically in relation to the orientation of the fault on which the earthquake occurs. Here, we study these directional variations in ground motions, known as the seismic radiation pattern, using a large data set of thousands of closely spaced seismometers recording nearby earthquakes. Our focus is on understanding how the spatial pattern of ground motions depend on their frequency of vibration. We find that at low frequencies, a simplified and widely used four‐lobed model of earthquake ground motions does a good job describing the observed seismic wavefield. At higher frequencies, however, this four‐lobed radiation pattern becomes less clear, deteriorating due to complexity in earthquake source processes and fault zone structure. Understanding the physical mechanisms driving spatial variations in ground motion will help create more accurate earthquake hazard forecasts for communities living near active faults.
Key Points
We study the frequency dependence of earthquake radiation patterns in the near‐source region using a dense seismometer array
At low frequencies (<15 Hz), radiation patterns show excellent agreement with the double‐couple model
At high frequencies, the double‐couple radiation pattern deteriorates, likely due to source and fault zone complexity
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