Government trust is known to be associated with preventive practices during pandemics, but few studies have explored the roles of knowledge and negative emotion in conditioning the relationship ...between trust and preventive behaviors. The aim of this study was to explore the roles of knowledge and negative emotion in conditioning the relationship between trust and preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Data from a cross-sectional survey of 3000 Chinese adults mean (SD) age 36.93 (12.11) years; 52.4% male, conducted using quota-sampling method (March 2–2020 to March 23–2020), were analyzed. Overall, respondents performed recommended preventive measures more frequently (3.21 out of 4) than excessive preventive measures (2.11 out of 4). Government trust was positively associated with both officially recommended (b = 0.12; 95%CI = 0.18, 0.25) and excessive preventive behaviors (b = 0.07; 95%CI = 0.03, 0.10). The positive relationship between trust and excessive preventive behaviors was found to be statistically significant only among those with low levels of COVID-19 knowledge. Officially recommended preventive behavior is most likely to happen when there is a combination of high levels of government trust and low levels of negative emotion. Therefore, government trust increases both official and excessive (sometimes unscientific) preventive behaviors. Interventions shall aim to enhance people's COVID-19 knowledge and to reduce negative emotions.
•We studied the effects of government trust on preventive behaviors during COVID-19.•Government trust increased both officially recommended and excessive prevention.•Knowledge of COVID-19 and emotion moderated the link between trust and prevention.•Trust was related to higher excessive prevention among people with less knowledge.•Trust was related to higher recommended prevention among people with less negative emotion.
The influence of hydrogen on the mechanical response of Ni-based superalloy Inconel 625 fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) was investigated via slow strain rate tensile tests at ...room temperature. The results indicate that the WAAM superalloy just suffered from a slight necking deformation but still reached a high strain value in the presence of hydrogen. H promotes the fracture of the WAAM superalloy from ductile microvoid coalescence change to brittle quasi-cleavage. The γ-matrix/Laves phase interfaces served as the preferred cracking sites in the alloy. However, the initiation of voids at the interface was not hydrogen-induced, which may be attributed to the strong hydrogen capture ability of the Laves phase, resulting in less hydrogen segregated to the interface. In the formation of voids in the interface at high stress, hydrogen accumulates at the interface through dislocation transport and stress-induced, weakening the interface binding force by hydrogen enrichment. Hydrogen enrichment at the crack tip diminished the stress field and thus reduced the energy required for crack cracking during cracking propagation.
Graphic Abstract
The global outbreak of COVID-19 has become an international public health crisis. Specific antiviral treatments for COVID-19 are not yet available, and prevention is of particular importance to fight ...the virus. This study tends to explore and compare the roles of cognitive and affective factors in predicting preventive behavior adoption during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.
An online survey using a quota sampling method to collect responses from 3000 Chinese adults was conducted from March 2, 2020 to March 23, 2020. Questions included sociodemographic features, coronavirus knowledge, negative emotion, risk perception, and behavioral responses. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the predictors of behavioral responses toward COVID-19.
On average, respondents had low levels of knowledge about COVID-19 (the overall correct response rate was 7.5%). Most respondents reported moderate to strong negative emotions towards the virus (3.47 out of 5). The average reported perceived chance of infection was 23.89%. For behavioral responses, respondents reported low frequencies of going out for activities (1.98 out of 4) and high frequencies of taking preventive measures (3.22 out of 4). Behavioral responses toward COVID-19 were found to be determined by cognitive and affective variables. Knowledge was negatively related to frequency of going out for activities (β = - 0.11, p < .001). Negative emotion (β = 0.34, p < .001), and risk perception (β = 0.05, p = .007) were positively associated with going out for activities. The explanatory power of affective variables (ΔR
= 12.1%) was greater than cognitive variables (ΔR
= 1.0%). For preventive behaviors, knowledge was positively associated with preventive behaviors (β = 0.22, p < .001). Negative emotion (β = - 0.28, p < .001) and risk perception (β = - 0.05, p = .002) were all negatively associated with preventive measures. Affective variables still showed stronger explanatory power (ΔR
= 8%) than cognitive variables (ΔR
= 4.4%) in predicting preventive behaviors.
After the rising period of the COVID-19 outbreak in mainland China, cognitive and affective variables still played important roles in predicting behavioral responses. Compared with cognitive factors, affective factors demonstrated stronger explanatory power in predicting behavioral responses toward COVID-19. The findings may have implications for enhancing individual compliance with guidelines of adopting preventive behaviors in response to COVID-19.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A investigation was done to determine the effect of post-weld heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ERNiCrMo-3 weld metals produced by metal inert gas shielded welding. ...The microstructure investigation revealed that the elements were irregularly distributed and severely segregated between the interdendritic region and dendrite core. Along the interdendritic region, a sizable number of secondary phases are also observed. The dissolution of Laves phase during the post-weld heat treatment would promote the precipitation of the M
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carbide along the grain boundaries. The post-weld heat treatment seemly deteriorated the tensile properties of weld metal and changed the fracture mode from transgranular to a mixed mode of transgranular and intergranular fracture. The M
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carbide precipitation at the grain boundaries during the aging heat treatment may be blamed for the decline in mechanical properties.
The hot corrosion behavior of the austenitic heat-resistant steel weld metal produced by multi-pass gas tungsten arc welding was investigated. A bilayer oxide scale formed on the surface of the weld ...metal by the selective oxidation of the element Cr and Fe, and the dissolution of the oxide film occurred at elevated temperatures due to the existence of the molten salt. Morphologies and structures of the oxide scale were characterized by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques, and then the underlying reason for the hot corrosion of the nonequilibrium weld metal was identified. The interdendritic region could act as the shortcut path for the oxygen, which promotes the internal oxide distribution in chains, and a large internal oxidation zone appears under the bilayer oxide scale.
P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1), as a member of the PAK family, has been implicated in various functions during somatic mitosis; however, less is known about its role during oocyte meiosis. Herein, we ...highlight the indispensable role of PAK1 in regulating spindle assembly and cell cycle progression during the first meiotic division of porcine oocytes. First, we found that the activated PAK1 expressed dynamically, and its subcellular localization was tightly associated with the spindle dynamics during meiosis in porcine oocytes. Specific inhibition of PAK1 activity by inhibitor targeting PAK1 activation-3 (IPA-3) led to impaired extrusion of the first polar body (PB1); with most of the IPA-3-treated oocytes arrested at germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and subjected to failure of bipolar spindle formation. However, the adverse effects caused by IPA-3 on oocytes could be restored by reducing disulfide bonds between PAK1 and IPA-3 with dithiothreitol (DTT) treatment. Furthermore, the co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that PAK1 interacted directly with Aurora A and transforming acidic coiled coil 3 (TACC3), providing an additional explanation for the similar localization of Aurora A and activated PAK1. Additionally, inhibiting the activity of PAK1 decreased the expression of p-Aurora A and p-TACC3; however, the reduced activity of Aurora A and TACC3 could be restored by DTT. In conclusion, PAK1 plays a crucial role in the proper assembly of the spindle during the first meiotic division of porcine oocytes, and the regulation of PAK1 is associated with its effects on p-Aurora A and p-TACC3 expression.
Abstract Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) treatment with various voltages was carried out on Ti alloys in 10% H2SO4 aqueous solution to enhance surface wettability for biological application. The effects of ...applied voltage on the surface morphology, phase constituents, functional group, roughness and wettability of the MAO coatings were investigated comprehensively. Increasing applied voltages significantly change phase constituents, surface morphology and wettability of the MAO coatings. Higher applied voltages are favorable to form higher fraction of rutile phase, larger micro-pores and higher surface roughness. The apparent contact angle decreases slightly after treated at 80 V but it decreases sharply after treated at 160 V or 200 V. The significant change in wettability of MAO coatings is attributed to hydroxyl group content and morphology of the MAO coatings. Differences in hydroxyl group content and surface morphology result in different contact interface types between water and MAO coatings, which is attributed to air captured or no air captured interface models.
The chemical composition of NiCoCrAlHfYSi with a suitable particle size, deposited using an activated combustion-high velocity air fuel (AC-HVAF) spray, is a potentially promising process because ...dense, continuous and pure alumina can be formed on the surface of the MCrAlY metallic coatings after isothermal oxidation exposure. The NiCoCrAlHfYSi (Amdry386) and NiCoCrAlTaY (Amdry997) coatings were produced using AC-HVAF and APS, respectively. Isothermal oxidation was subsequently conducted at 1050 °C in air for 200 h. This paper compares the characteristics of four coated samples, including the surface roughness, elastic modulus, hardness, oxide content, microstructural characteristics and phase evolution of thermally grown oxides (TGO). The growth of both the TGO and alumina scales in the TGO of the HVAF386 coating was relatively rapid. The θ- to α-alumina phase transformation was strongly determined by the Hf and Si dopants in the HVAF386 coating. Finally, the extent of grain refinement and deformation storage energy in the HVAF997 coatings were determined to be significantly crucial for the θ- to α-alumina phase transformation.
Abstract The mechanical properties and corrosion performance of the N10276 alloy welded joint were investigated with nano-hardness testing and electrochemical measurement. The results showed that ...solidification mode changes from equiaxed crystal to columnar crystal from the center of the weldment to the fusion zone. With the increase of immersion times, the diameter of capacitance arc and the impedance modulus increase, and the corrosion resistance of HAZ decreases. The strengthening effect of welded metal was more obvious than that of heat affected zone for the nickel-based welded joint and especially in coarse grained heat affected zone, the hardening resulted from overheating was not apparent. Nickel-based weld metal with high content of alloying elements were often segregated at interdendritic regions or precipitated in grain interior under nonequilibrium solidification, which differ from conventional low alloy steel welded joint.
Based on a nationwide survey, this study examines the mediated constructions of political ideology and its antecedents in contemporary China. The empirical findings offer insights into China’s future ...by examining political beliefs in the country. Our study found that most of the respondents share an inclination toward Liberalism, indicating that the general public harbors expectations not only for expansion of market competition to ensure the country’s successful entry into the world economic system in the age of globalization, but also for deepening political reforms, increased supervision of political power, and growing access to democratic participation. The study also investigated the relationship between media use and political ideology, as the former, together with new technology, predicts the latter to varying degrees. In addition, social psychological factors such as the motivation to use the Internet and trust in media were found to play significant roles in these complex relationships. Individuals’ social interactions and their political cognitions also help to explain the complexity of political ideology in a transitional society.
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