This study developed and tested the effectiveness of an app-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program in alleviating anxiety among adolescents and adults with autism without co-occurring ...intellectual disability. Thirty participants from 15 to 35 years old were randomly assigned to either the intervention or waitlist control group, and self- and caregiver proxy report questionnaires were administered, accompanied by direct behavior observation before and after the intervention period. There was a significant decrease in anxiety level, an increase in positive affect, and a decline in stereotypic behaviors, hyperactivity, noncompliance, and inappropriate speech in proxy reports for the intervention group, compared to the control group. A significant rise in passive response in the direct observation was also seen in the intervention group.
It has recently been reported that identifying the depression severity of a person requires involvement of mental health professionals who use traditional methods like interviews and self-reports, ...which results in spending time and money. In this work we made solid contributions on short-term depression detection using every-day mobile devices. To improve the accuracy of depression detection, we extracted five factors influencing depression (symptom clusters) from the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), namely,
,
,
,
, and
and extracted features related to each symptom cluster from mobile devices' sensors. We conducted an experiment, where we recruited 20 participants from four different depression groups based on PHQ-9 (the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the 9-item depression module from the full PHQ), which are
,
,
, and
and built a machine learning model for automatic classification of depression category in a short period of time. To achieve the aim of short-term depression classification, we developed Short-Term Depression Detector (STDD), a framework that consisted of a smartphone and a wearable device that constantly reported the metrics (sensor data and self-reports) to perform depression group classification. The result of this pilot study revealed high correlations between participants` Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) self-reports and passive sensing (sensor data) in physical activity, mood, and sleep levels; STDD demonstrated the feasibility of group classification with an accuracy of 96.00% (standard deviation (SD) = 2.76).
As an essential component of social cognition, emotion recognition is closely related to psychosocial adjustment. Particularly, the usefulness of the assessment of complex emotion recognition has ...been emphasized in that complex rather than basic emotions reflect the complicated and wide-ranging social cognition of individuals. In this study, the Yonsei-Cambridge Mindreading Face Battery (Y-CAM) was developed based on the Cambridge Mindreading Face Battery to assess complex emotion recognition among Korean adults (age range = 20-27 years). For this, 18 complex emotions from the original tool were selected, and 113 initial items were developed by generating video stimuli. Then, item difficulty and discrimination, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity of the developed items were tested by administering the items to 342 participants. The results yielded 16 complex emotions with 3 items having the highest fit for each emotion; consequently, there were 48 final items. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the final version were acceptable. The Y-CAM total scores were significantly negatively correlated with symptoms of autism, state anxiety, and experience of being bullied, thus establishing the convergent validity of the instrument. Based on the findings, the academic and clinical implications and limitations of the current work were discussed.
Public Significance Statement
This study demonstrated that the Y-CAM is a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing complex emotion recognition in Korean adults. The Y-CAM could serve as a useful tool to investigate emotion recognition deficits of individuals with social difficulties in clinical settings. Similar facial features and cultural values among Asians suggest the use of the Y-CAM in the East Asian populations; although, empirical validation is necessary.
Many higher-education institutions have endeavored to understand students' characteristics in order to improve the quality of education. To this end, demographic information and questionnaire surveys ...have been used, and more recently, digital information from learning management systems and other sources has emerged for students' profiling. This study adopted a novel approach using semantic trajectory data created from smart card logs of campus buildings and class attendance records to investigate the relationship between students' trajectory patterns and academic performance. More than 4000 freshmen were observed per semester at the Songdo International Campus, Yonsei University, in South Korea during four semesters in 2016 and 2017. Dynamic time warping was newly adopted to calculate the similarities among student trajectories, and the similarities of students' trajectories were grouped by hierarchical clustering. Average grade point averages (GPAs) of the groups were evaluated and compared by major and gender. The results showed that the average GPAs were statistically different from each other in general, which confirmed the hypothesis that a student's trajectory differentiates a student's GPA. Furthermore, GPA was positively associated with students' degree of activeness in movement — the more accesses to campus facilities, the better the GPA. Besides, the differences in the average GPAs of the male groups were clearer than was the case for females, and the trajectory of the second semester better characterized an individual student. The study shows that a semantic trajectory pattern generated from location logs is a new and influential factor that can be utilized to understand students' characteristics in higher education and to predict their academic performances.
•The authors proposed students' semantic trajectory for student profiling.•Large datasets were collected from over 4000 students for two school years.•Dynamic time warping, hierarchical clustering, and ANOVA tests were conducted.•Students' semantic trajectory was proved to be a new and influential factor associated with academic performance.
Psychological status affects dietary intake, and recognizing genetic information can lead to behavior changes by influencing psychological factors such as anxiety or depression. In this study, we ...examined the effects of disclosing genetic information on anxiety or depression levels and the association between these psychological factors and dietary intake. A total of 100 healthy adults were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 65) informed about their genetic test results regarding body mass index and lipid profiles (triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations) and a not-informed control group (CON, n = 35). Based on polygenic risk scores, participants in the intervention group were subclassified into an intervention-low risk (ILR, n = 32) and an intervention-high risk (IHR, n = 33) group. Nutrient and food intakes were assessed via a 3-day dietary record at baseline and at 3 and 6 months. Depression and anxiety levels were measured using PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaires, and the relative levels of blood metabolites were measure using GC-MS/MS analysis. Noticeable changes in dietary intake as well as psychological factors were observed in male subjects, with those perceiving their genetic risks as low (ILR) showing a significant increase in protein intake at 3 months compared to baseline (ILR: 3.9 ± 1.4, p<0.05). Meat intake also increased significantly in males in the ILR group at 3 months, but not in the IHR and CON groups (ILR: 49.4 ± 30.8, IHR: -52.2 ± 25.4, CON: -5.3 ± 30.3 g/d). ILR group showed a significant decrease in anxiety levels at 3 months, and their anxiety scores showed a negative association with meat intake (standardized beta = -0.321, p<0.05). The meat intake at 3 months was associated with the relative levels of arginine and ornithine (standardized beta = 0.452, p<0.05 and standardized beta = 0.474, p<0.05, respectively). Taken together, anxiety levels were decreased in male subjects who perceived their genetic risk to be low, and the decrease in anxiety levels was associated with an increase in meat intake. This suggests that recognizing genetic information may affect psychological factors and dietary intake.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This is a pilot study that investigated differences in effectiveness, maintenance of effectiveness, cost-efficiency, satisfaction, and usability of a lottery incentive via mobile devices to promote ...walking, depending on the chance of winning the lottery, the amount of the prize, and gender. Sixty-six college students (male = 26) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 10% chance of a big prize (10% + B), 50% chance of a medium prize (50% + M), and 100% chance of a small prize (100% + S). Step counts were collected through mobile devices before and after the intervention, as well as at the 2-month follow-up. The results showed significant increases in the step counts among males after the intervention in the 10% + B and the 50% + M groups, and females in the 100% + S group. Only males in the 50% + M group exhibited maintenance in effectiveness during follow-up. With regard to cost-efficiency, the 10% + B and the 50% + M male groups, which showed significant differences in effectiveness, were compared, and no significant difference was found. With regard to intervention satisfaction, satisfaction of the 10% + B group was lower than that of the 100% + S group. There were no significant interactions or main effects regarding the usability of the intervention. The results suggest that a lottery incentive is effective only for men to promote walking when a medium size prize is given with a 50% of chance of winning the lottery.
We examined the relative effectiveness of a college-level self-management (SM) course and a physical exercise (PE) course on improving self-control. In Study 1, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) ...and general regulatory behavior questionnaire were administered before and after the courses to students from an SM course (experimental group 1; n = 87), a PE course (experimental group 2; n = 22), and a liberal arts course (control group; n = 28). There was a significant decrease in impulsivity and improvement in daily self-control behaviors in the SM group only. In Study 2, the same tests were administered before, after, and 3 months after the courses to the SM (n = 47) and PE groups (n = 20). Impulsivity and daily self-control behaviors were improved only in the SM group and maintained after 3 months. Thus, self-control can be improved and stabilized by teaching and directing self-control behaviors among college students.
The purposes of this study were to develop the Yonsei Face Database (YFace DB), consisting of both static and dynamic face stimuli for six basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, ...and disgust), and to test its validity. The database includes selected pictures (static stimuli) and film clips (dynamic stimuli) of 74 models (50% female) aged between 19 and 40. Thousand four hundred and eighty selected pictures and film clips were assessed for the accuracy, intensity, and naturalness during the validation procedure by 221 undergraduate students. The overall accuracy of the pictures was 76%. Film clips had a higher accuracy, of 83%; the highest accuracy was observed in happiness and the lowest in fear across all conditions (static with mouth open or closed, or dynamic). The accuracy was higher in film clips across all emotions but happiness and disgust, while the naturalness was higher in the pictures than in film clips except for sadness and anger. The intensity varied the most across conditions and emotions. Significant gender effects were found in perception accuracy for both the gender of models and raters. Male raters perceived surprise more accurately in static stimuli with mouth open and in dynamic stimuli while female raters perceived fear more accurately in all conditions. Moreover, sadness and anger expressed in static stimuli with mouth open and fear expressed in dynamic stimuli were perceived more accurately when models were male. Disgust expressed in static stimuli with mouth open and dynamic stimuli, and fear expressed in static stimuli with mouth closed were perceived more accurately when models were female. The YFace DB is the largest Asian face database by far and the first to include both static and dynamic facial expression stimuli, and the current study can provide researchers with a wealth of information about the validity of each stimulus through the validation procedure.
Depression is a significant mental health issue that profoundly impacts people’s lives. Diagnosing depression often involves interviews with mental health professionals and surveys, which can become ...cumbersome when administered continuously. Digital phenotyping offers an innovative approach for detecting and monitoring depression without requiring active user involvement. This study contributes to the detection of depression severity and depressive symptoms using mobile devices. Our proposed approach aims to distinguish between different patterns of depression and improve prediction accuracy. We conducted an experiment involving 381 participants over a period of at least three months, during which we collected comprehensive passive sensor data and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) self-reports. To enhance the accuracy of predicting depression severity levels (classified as none/mild, moderate, or severe), we introduce a novel approach called symptom profiling. The symptom profile vector represents nine depressive symptoms and indicates both the probability of each symptom being present and its significance for an individual. We evaluated the effectiveness of the symptom-profiling method by comparing the F1 score achieved using sensor data features as inputs to machine learning models with the F1 score obtained using the symptom profile vectors as inputs. Our findings demonstrate that symptom profiling improves the F1 score by up to 0.09, with an average improvement of 0.05, resulting in a depression severity prediction with an F1 score as high as 0.86.
We conducted a comprehensive review of behavioral and educational interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The most prominent type of intervention, Comprehensive Early ...Intervention, often referred to as Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI), has been found to be particularly effective in improving intelligence and adaptive behaviors. The naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention, designed to enhance social and communication abilities, showed effectiveness in improving language, cognitive function, and social initiation. However, more studies are needed to examine its effectiveness. Intensive individualized intervention, which provides a tailored intervention for a specific target behavior, was effective in improving social skills and communication, as well as reducing sleep, eating, and toileting problems. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most effective method for dealing with emotional difficulties, but it has not been widely used because of the shortage of trained experts. Parent-mediated intervention (PMI) involves parents acquiring knowledge and specific skills to improve their child's functioning or reduce challenging behaviors. Speech and language therapy, sensory integration, Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communications Handicapped Children, developmental approaches, and social stories are frequently used interventions. However, evidence of their effectiveness has yet to be well established. Based on these findings, intervention recommendations for autism include EIBI, Early Start Denver Model, intensive individualized intervention, CBT, and PMI. The choice of intervention should be tailored to the individual's needs and delivered by qualified professionals with expertise in the specific intervention.
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