Solar Hydrogen Li, Zhongxiao; Fang, Shi; Sun, Haiding ...
Advanced energy materials,
02/2023, Letnik:
13, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Hydrogen, produced through a zero‐pollution, sustainable, low‐cost, and high‐efficiency process, is regarded as the “ultimate energy” of the 21st century. Solar water‐splitting techniques have ...immense potential to make the idea a reality. Two promising approaches, photovoltaic‐electrolysis (PV‐EC) and photoelectrochemistry (PEC), have demonstrated solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency over 10%, which is the minimum required for competitively priced, large‐scale systems. Extensive studies of PV‐EC and PEC devices reported within the past five decades show increasing design complexity. To accurately describe the gap between laboratory research and practical application, the basic principles and concepts of PV‐EC and PEC are elaborated and clarified. The history of these developments is systematically summarized, and a comprehensive techno‐economic analysis of PV‐EC and PEC solar hydrogen production of 10 000 kg H2 day−1 is performed. The analysis shows that no solar hydrogen system is currently competitive with production methods based on fossil fuels, but the development of high‐efficiency water‐splitting electrolyzers with cost‐competitive components (especially for cation/anion exchange membranes) can accelerate progress.
Photovoltaic‐electrolysis (PV‐EC) and photoelectrochemistry (PEC) have immense potential to establish an economically competitive large‐scale green hydrogen production system pursued by the entire energy sector. This review systematically elaborates the fundamental principles and the development history of PEC and PV‐EC, and evaluates the techno‐economic analysis of the scale‐up applications, pointing out the current situation and future development direction for both technologies.
Rapid, accurate, and sensitive insulin detection is crucial for managing and treating diabetes. A simple sandwich‐type electrochemical immunosensor is engineered using gold nanoparticle ...(AuNP)‐adhered metal–organic framework‐derived copper–zinc hollow porous carbon nanocubes (Au@Cu5Zn8/HPCNC) and AuNP‐deposited nitrogen‐doped holey graphene (NHG) are used as a dual functional label and sensing platform. The results show that identical morphology and size of Au@Cu5Zn8/HPCNC enhance the electrocatalytic active sites, conductivity, and surface area to immobilize the detection antibodies (Ab2). In addition, AuNP/NHG has the requisite biocompatibility and electrical conductivity, which facilitates electron transport and increases the surface area of the capture antibody (Ab1). Significantly, Cu5Zn8/HPCNC exhibits necessary catalytic activity and sensitivity for the electrochemical reduction of H2O2 using (i–t) amperometry and improves the electrochemical response in differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimal conditions, the immunosensor for insulin demonstrates a wide linear range with a low detection limit and viable specificity, stability, and reproducibility. The platform's practicality is evaluated by detecting insulin in human serum samples. All these characteristics indicate that the Cu5Zn8/HPCNC‐based biosensing strategy may be used for the point‐of‐care assay of diverse biomarkers.
Metal–organic framework‐derived bimetallic Cu5Zn8 hollow porous carbon nanocubes anchored gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are used as signal labels and improve the surface area, and catalytic active sites to load the detection antibody. Electrodeposited AuNPs on nitrogen‐doped holey graphene are utilized as substrates to enhance the capture antibody immobilization and quicken the electron transfer rate for insulin detection.
The field of next‐generation microdisplays is flourishing. Relevant display technologies, such as mini‐light emission diodes (mini‐LEDs), micro‐organic light emission diodes (micro‐OLEDs), and ...micro‐light emission diodes (micro‐LEDs) are thus in the urgent stage of development. From this perspective, comprehensive and systematical analyzes are conducted for the aforesaid microdisplay configurations. A holistic view of microdisplay technologies is developed with the corresponding performance metrics, providing a path for miscellaneous scenarios. Among these scenarios, the applications in augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), wearable devices, and head‐up displays (HUD) are currently attracting considerable attention for deeper human‐digital interactions. However, there is a multiplicity of obstacles and challenges hindering such development. Nevertheless, recent advances in microdisplay technologies hold tremendous promise for the paradigms of these applications, taking a leap forward for next‐generation microdisplays. This review presents perspectives, relevant materials, and the technology landscape for such ongoing display technologies, offering guidance on the design of advanced microdisplays.
The demand for augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), wearables, and head‐up display (HUD) technology has fueled the rapid growth of next‐generation microdisplays. Despite their promise, challenges remain. This review analyzes performance metrics across various scenarios and provides valuable materials and technology perspectives for ongoing display technology. Our guidance for advanced microdisplay design aims to overcome obstacles and improve the field.
Tartrazine (TRZ) is a synthetic food dye considered noxious to human health and a toxic environmental contaminant owing to the presence of a harmful azo group (-N&z.dbd; N-) in its chemical ...structure. The global necessity to prevent food contamination has led scientific researchers to develop disposable sensing platforms. This study aims to integrate nanotechnology with electrochemistry to fabricate a disposable screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with a nanocomposite composed of gadolinium molybdate (Gd
2
MoO
6
) nanoflowers decorated on an enmeshed matrix of acid-functionalized carbon nanofibers (f-CNF). The hierarchal arrangement of distinct components in the nanocomposite is promoted by synergism through the formation of a hybrid heterojunction. This heterojunction in the electrode modifier activates the electrode to sense TRZ with a remarkable limit of detection (0.8 nmol L
−1
) and quantification (2 nmol L
−1
) over a broad linear range of 0.025 μM to 216.45 μM. Furthermore, the functional sensing ability of the proposed sensor was analyzed in various commercial food products.
Preparation and fabrication of a Gd
2
MoO
6
/f-CNF nanocomposite for the electro-oxidation of TRZ in food samples.
The poor permeability of therapeutic agents across the blood–brain barrier and blood-tumor barrier is a significant barrier in glioma treatment. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein ...(LRP-1) recognises a dual-targeting ligand, angiopep-2, which is overexpressed in the BBB and gliomas. Here, we have synthesized Ti@FeAu core–shell nanoparticles conjugated with angiopep-2 (Ti@FeAu–Ang nanoparticles) to target glioma cells and treat brain cancer via hyperthermia produced by a magnetic field. Our results confirmed that Ti@FeAu core–shell nanoparticles were superparamagnetic, improved the negative contrast effect on glioma, and exhibited a temperature elevation of 12° C upon magnetic stimulation, which implies potential applications in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hyperthermia-based cancer therapy. Angiopep-2-decorated nanoparticles exhibited higher cellular uptake by C6 glioma cells than by L929 fibroblasts, demonstrating selective glioma targeting and improved cytotoxicity up to 85% owing to hyperthermia produced by a magnetic field. The in vivo findings demonstrated that intravenous injection of Ti@FeAu–Ang nanoparticles exhibited a 10-fold decrement in tumor volume compared to the control group. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of Ti@FeAu–Ang nanoparticles showed that coagulative necrosis of tumor tissues and preliminary safety analysis highlighted no toxicity to the haematological system, after Ti@FeAu–Ang nanoparticle-induced hyperthermia treatment.
Cadmium-free quantum dots (QDs) are attracting considerable research attention because of their low toxicity. However, the bandgap of most cadmium-free QDs avoids the pure-blue region, which leads to ...difficulty in realizing pure-blue quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). In this work, we successfully tuned the emission wavelength of ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots from the violet region (∼420 nm) to the pure-blue region (450-460 nm) by doping Te into the ZnSe core. The ZnSe:0.03Te/ZnSeS/ZnS QD sample with emission at 450 nm and a quantum yield of 30% was the most balanced formula. To overcome the energy gap between the hole-transfer layer and QD layers, a specific hole-transfer layer was developed for normal-structure QLEDs. A QLED with such a structure with ZnSe:0.03Te/ZnSeS/ZnS QDs achieved the pure-blue light emission at 455 nm, a low turn-on voltage of 4.4 V, and an external quantum efficiency of 0.33%. Overall, our cadmium-free QLED achieved pure-blue emission, revealing the potential of ZnSe-based pure-blue QLEDs for future displays.
The emission wavelength of ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots was successfully tuned from the violet (∼420 nm) to pure-blue (∼455 nm) region by doping Te into the ZnSe core. A specific structure QLED fabricated with ZnSe:0.03Te/ZnSeS/ZnS QDs realized pure-blue emission.
Infrared luminescent materials have evoked much attention from chemists and material scientists. Although substantial progress is made in materials design, the luminescent mechanism remains ambiguous ...in the complex structures, presenting major barriers to developing novel infrared luminescent materials. Herein, this study aims to deliberate a complete discussion on infrared phosphors with concentration‐induced hetero‐valent partial‐inverse occupation. High‐resolution synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy reveal the subtle structural change in LiGa5(1−x)O8:5xCr3+. Besides, Cr K‐edge wavelet analysis and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure illustrate the impact of Cr in the second shell of another Cr ion and the practical coordination of Ga and Cr ions. Furthermore, unexpected two‐center Cr3+ emissions and the Cr–Cr pair emission are observed at high Cr concentrations. Variation between the zero‐phonon line and N‐line at different temperatures is demonstrated. Finally, the structural and luminescent properties are comprehensively discussed, providing the origin of the unexpected Cr2 emission. This study not only provides insight into the hetero‐valent partial‐inverse occupation process in inorganic materials but also sheds light on developing novel infrared luminescent materials.
Herein, complete discussion on infrared phosphors with concentration‐induced hetero‐valent partial‐inverse occupation is deliberated. High‐resolution synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and Cr K‐edge wavelet analysis reveal the subtle structural and luminescent change under different Cr concentrations. This study sheds light on developing infrared luminescent materials.
In this study, a novel electrochemical sensor was created by fabricating a screen-printed carbon electrode with diamond nanoparticles (DNPs/SPCE). The successful development of the sensor enabled the ...specific detection of the anti-cancer drug flutamide (FLT). The DNPs/SPCE demonstrated excellent conductivity, remarkable electrocatalytic activity, and swift electron transfer, all of which contribute to the advantageous monitoring of FLT. These qualities are critical for monitoring FLT levels in environmental samples. Various structural and morphological characterization techniques were employed to validate the formation of the DNPs. Remarkably, the electrochemical sensor demonstrated a wide linear response range (0.025 to 606.65 μM). Additionally, it showed a low limit of detection (0.023 μM) and high sensitivity (0.403 μA μM
cm
). Furthermore, the practicability of DNPs/SPCE can be successfully employed in FLT monitoring in water bodies (pond water and river water samples) with satisfactory recoveries.
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•Innovative, non-toxic and sonochemical synthesis of Sr@La2S3 electrode materials without any toxic reducing agents.•The morphological, spectral and electrochemical characterization ...of the Sr@La2S3 electrode platform was carried out.•Sr@La2S3/GCE and Sr@La2S3/RDE platforms are exhibits excellent electrochemical properties for MTO detection.•Sonochemically fabricated modified electrode platform is successfully applied to practicality test.
Herbicides are used constantly in agriculture to enhance productivity across the globe. This herbicide monitoring requires utmost importance since its high dose leads to ecological imbalance and a negative impact on the environment. Moreover, a quantification of toxic herbicide is one of the important problems in the food analysis. In this work, deals with the development of a simple, and facile one-pot sonochemical synthesis of strontium doped La2S3 (Sr@La2S3). Morphological and structural characterization confirms the doping of Sr@La2S3 to generate a hierarchical layered structure. The electrochemical performance of modified with rotating disk electrode (RDE) using Sr@La2S3 composite is high, compared to La2S3 and bare electrodes towards the quantitative detection of mesotrione (MTO) in phosphate buffer. Sr@La2S3/RDE showed good sensitivity for MTO detection and it exhibit a range of 0.01–307.01 μM and limit of detection of 2.4 nM. Besides, the selectivity of fabricated electrode is high as it can electrochemically reduce MTO particularly, even in the presence of other chemicals, biological molecules and inorganic ions. The repeatability of MTO detection is high even after 30 days with a lower RSD values. Hence, simple fabrication of Sr@La2S3/RDE could be a novel electrode for the sensitive, selective, and reproducible determination of herbicides in real-time applications.
Detecting pesticides using techniques that involve simple fabrication methods and conducting the detection at very low levels are challenging. Herein, we report the detection of acetamiprid at the ...quadrillionth level using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The SERS chip comprises Ag nanoparticles deposited on a tetrapod structure of ZnO coated onto indium tin oxide glass (denoted as Ag@ZnO-ITO). Controlled Ag decoration of ZnO occurs via irradiation-induced synthesis. The morphology of the surface plays a significant role in achieving an enhanced SERS performance for acetamiprid detection. 4,4′-Dipyridyl (DPY) is used to investigate synthesis conditions for the chip, leading to an optimal irradiation time of 60 min. Furthermore, the enhancement factor for acetamiprid on Ag@ZnO-ITO is higher than 107. These results demonstrate that SERS sensors have the potential for practical use in acetamiprid detection.
