Volcanoes in Italy and the role of muon radiography D'Alessandro, Raffaello; Ambrosino, F; Baccani, G ...
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences,
12/2018, Letnik:
377, Številka:
2137
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Cosmic-ray muon radiography (muography), an imaging technique that can provide measurements of rock densities within the top few 100 m of a volcanic cone, has now achieved a spatial resolution of the ...order of 10 m in optimal detection conditions. Muography provides images of the top region of a volcano edifice with a resolution that is considerably better than that typically achieved with other conventional methods (i.e. gravimetric). We expect such precise measurements, to provide us with information on anomalies in the rock density distribution, which can be affected by dense lava conduits, low-density magma supply paths or the compression with the depth of the overlying soil. The MUon RAdiography of VESuvius (MURAVES) project is now in its final phase of construction and deployment. Up to four muon hodoscopes, each with a surface of roughly 1 m
, will be installed on the slope of Vesuvius and take data for at least 12 months. We will use the muographic profiles, combined with data from gravimetric and seismic measurement campaigns, to determine the stratigraphy of the lava plug at the bottom of the Vesuvius crater, in order to infer potential eruption pathways. While the MURAVES project unfolds, others are using emulsion detectors on Stromboli to study the lava conduits at the top of the volcano. These measurements are ongoing: they have completed two measurement campaigns and are now performing the first data analysis.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Cosmic-ray muography'.
Abstract Transmission muography is a non-invasive imaging technique that exploits the penetrating power of atmospheric muons into matter to obtain two-dimensional and three-dimensional density images ...of the monitored structure. The detectors used are particle trackers. Muography enables the monitoring of large structures and it is also particularly useful in the archaeological field for a mapping of low-density underground anomalies potentially related to unknown or inaccessible tombs or tunnels. The Palazzone necropolis, located south of Perugia (Italy), dating back to Etruscan period, contains about 200 known tombs, some of which, such as the Volumni Hypogeum, can be visited thanks to a touristic route. The eastern area of the necropolis, on the other hand, does not have a touristic path and is partially unknown. The objective of the muographic measurement campaign is to support the re-evaluation of this archaeological area by searching for new anthropic cavities and identifying them three-dimensionally. One of the goals of this study is to obtain a three-dimensional localization of cavities starting from a single muographic measurement by exploiting an image focusing algorithm. For this purpose, an area that contains a known cavity was used as the reference cavity for the test of the three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm.
The purpose of the MU-RAY project is to develop an innovative approach to the study of volcanoes and their monitoring based on a particle physics approach. The test site is Vesuvio: one of the higher ...risk volcanoes in the world. In this context, muon radiography is an innovative method of enormous impact. This is an imaging technique which relies on the measurement, by means of a cosmic ray telescope, of the absorption in the volcano of muons with near-horizontal trajectories, produced by the interactions of cosmic rays with the atmosphere. Since 2003 this technique has been successfully used on volcanoes in Japan, providing pictures of their vertices with resolutions much better than those obtained with the traditional techniques based on gravimeters. Researchers from Naples and Florence are currently involved in the construction and testing of a prototype telescope based on the use of bars of plastic scintillator with a triangular section whose scintillation light is collected by special fibres (wave length shifters) and transported to SiPM (Silicon photomultipliers). A complete prototype telescope, consisting of three xy scintillation planes and 1m2 active area has been assembled and is now under test.
The Muon Imaging for Mining and Archaeology (MIMA) project aims at the development of a non-invasive technique for imaging dense structures or cavities, hidden in the underground or anyway surrounded ...by huge volumes of matter, based on Muon Absorption Radiography. Given its natural multidisciplinary, the final purpose is the validation of this methodology for applications in different fields, like Archaeology, Geology, mining, Civil Engineering and Civil Protection, in close cooperation with team in these fields. In this paper we report on the design, construction and performance of a compact and lightweight muon telescope designed mainly for archaeological investigation and geophysical prospections in general. The MIMA detector is also used currently as a test instrument to study different hardware solutions to optimize the global performance in these types of applications.
Muon radiography is a technique based on the measurement of absorption profiles of muons as they pass through matter. This measurement allows to obtain an image of the inner structure of large volume ...objects and is suitable to be applied in several fields, such as volcanology, archaeology and civil engeneering. One of the main applications concerns the study of volcanic structures; indeed it is possible to use this technique to measure the mass distribution inside the edifice of a volcano providing useful information to better understand the possible eruption mechanisms. The MURAVES (MUon RAdiography of VESuvius) project aims to the study of the summital cone of Mt. Vesuvius near Naples in Italy, one of the most dangerous active volcanoes in the world. The MURAVES apparatus is a modular, robust muon hodoscope system with a low power consumption, optimized to be used in inhospitable environments like the surroundings of volcanoes. The complete detection system is an array of identical tracking modules, each with an area of 1 m2, based on the use of plasic scintillators. The technologies, the status and the data analysis strategy of the experiment will be presented in this paper.
The MU-RAY detector for muon radiography of volcanoes Anastasio, A.; Ambrosino, F.; Basta, D. ...
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment,
12/2013, Letnik:
732
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
The MU-RAY detector has been designed to perform muon radiography of volcanoes. The possible use on the field introduces several constraints. First the electric power consumption must be reduced to ...the minimum, so that the detector can be solar-powered. Moreover it must be robust and transportable, for what concerns the front-end electronics and data acquisition. A 1m2 prototype has been constructed and is taking data at Mt. Vesuvius. The detector consists of modules of 32 scintillator bars with wave length shifting fibers and silicon photomultiplier read-out. A dedicated front-end electronics has been developed, based on the SPIROC ASIC. An introduction to muon radiography principles, the MU-RAY detector description and results obtained in laboratory will be presented.
NA62 RICH performance: measurement and optimization Anzivino, G.; Barbanera, M.; Bizzeti, A. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2020, Letnik:
952
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector of the NA62 experiment at CERN SPS was commissioned in 2014, but the optimal performance was achieved in 2016 after the precise mirror alignment with reconstructed ...tracks. The measurement and monitoring of basic performance parameters is discussed: ring radius resolution, ring centre resolution, single hit resolution and mean number of hits per ring. The performance is measured with 2016 data on the positron sample. Different contributions to the resolutions are calculated.
The role of the NA62 RICH in the BR(K+→π+νν̄) measurement Volpe, R.; Anzivino, G.; Aisa, D. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2020, Letnik:
952
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The NA62 experiment aims to measure the BR(K+→π+νν̄) with a 10% precision. One of the main backgrounds comes from the decay K+→μ+ν, therefore a highly powerful pion/muon separation is needed. The ...NA62 RICH, together with the calorimeter system, provides an accurate particle identification which has been essential to obtain the first results of the NA62 K+→π+νν̄ analysis, based on 2016 data. Two different algorithms have been exploited which, used in combination, allowed to get a pion reconstruction and identification efficiency of 75%, with a muon suppression factor of about 500, in the momentum range 15–35 GeV/c.
Muon Radiography or muography is based on the measurement of the absorption or scattering of cosmic muons, as they pass through the interior of large scale bodies, In particular, absorption muography ...has been applied to investigate the presence of hidden cavities inside the pyramids or underground, as well as the interior of volcanoes’ edifices. The MURAVES project has the challenging aim of investigating the density distribution inside the summit of Mt. Vesuvius. The information, together with that coming from gravimetric measurements, is useful as input to models, to predict how an eruption may develop. The MURAVES apparatus is a robust and low power consumption muon telescope consisting of an array of three identical and independent muon trackers, which provide in a modular way a total sensitive area of three square meters. Each tracker consists of four doublets of planes of plastic scintillator bars with orthogonal orientation, optically coupled to Silicon photomultipliers for the readout of the signal. The muon telescope has been installed on the slope of the volcano and has collected a first set of data, which are being analyzed.
A novel algorithm developed within muon radiography to localize objects or cavities hidden inside large material volumes was recently proposed by some of the authors (Bonechi
2015
, P02003 ...(doi:10.1088/1748-0221/10/02/P02003)). The algorithm, based on muon back projection, helps to estimate the three-dimensional position and the transverse extension of detected objects without the need for measurements from different points of view, which would be required to make a triangulation. This algorithm can now be tested owing to the availability of real data collected both in laboratory tests and from real-world measurements. The methodology and some test results are presented in this paper.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Cosmic-ray muography'.
PDF
