Cereals are a staple food in both developed and developing countries, and are considered to be the best vehicle for iron and calcium fortification, as an important strategy for combating dietary ...deficits. Inadequate dietary intake of iron and calcium is related to a number of disease conditions such as anemia, osteoporosis, hypertension, and different cancers. From a nutritional point of view, it is interesting to know not only the amount of minerals consumed, but also their bioavailability. The present study reviews the current knowledge on the in vitro bioavailability of iron and calcium in cereals, placing emphasis on the methodologies used and on the influence of dietary factors and food processing.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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•COPs mixture, at optimized conditions, can be use as suitable oxidative stress model C. elegans.•COPs mixture has a toxic action, and this effect requires daf-16 transcriptional ...factor.•Beverages protect against oxidative stress through daf-16 transcriptional factor.•Beverages extend nematode lifespan probably by inhibition of insulin-IGF-1 pathway.
This study evaluates the impact of two plant sterol (PS) enriched fruit beverages (0.6 g /100 ml), without (MfB) or with GOS (MfB-G) (1.2 g/100 ml) on the resistance against oxidative stress induced by non-conventional (cholesterol oxidation products (COPs)) and conventional (H2O2) oxidant compounds, as well as their impact on C. elegans longevity. Nematodes fed with both beverages (0.005–0.25%, v/v) showed similar improved oxidative stress resistance against COPs and H2O2. This effect was dependent on daf-16 transcription factor, although GOS showed an additional beneficial effect independent to daf-16. In addition, both beverages extended nematode lifespan, independently of the presence of GOS. Longevity assays using daf-16 and daf-2 mutant strains revealed that the observed effect was potentially linked to the insulin-IGF-1 pathway. These results provide new in vivo evidence for the potential use of PS enriched fruit beverages in the prevention of oxidative stress underlying many diseases.
► CPPs can be used as functional food ingredients due their antioxidant capacity. ► Pool B of CPPs showed the highest antioxidant capacity (TEAC and ORAC). ► CPPs protected Caco-2 cells against ...H2O2-induced oxidative stress. ► However, they failed to exert protection at mitochondrial level. ► Mechanism of action: metal chelation and modulation of intracellular signaling cascades.
Caseinophosphopeptides can sequester prooxidant metals and scavenge free radicals, and may thus be used as functional food ingredients. The total antioxidant capacity (TEAC and ORAC) of two pools of caseinophosphopeptides (1–3mg/ml), obtained from casein subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion (at two different pH values) and selective precipitation, was evaluated to determine dose–response activity. Pool B (which showed the highest antioxidant capacity due to the presence of more antioxidant amino acids) was used to test its cytoprotective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. Caseinophosphopeptides protected the cells against oxidative damage by preserving cell viability, increasing GSH content, inducing catalase enzyme activity, diminishing lipid peroxidation and maintaining a correct cell cycle progression. However, they failed to exert protection at a mitochondrial level (ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential), implying a partial and site-specific effect. Thus, their mechanism of action is not only related to free radical scavenging activity, but also to metal chelation and the modulation of intracellular signaling cascades.
Recent studies have expanded the appreciation of the roles of oxysterols triggering inflammatory, immune cytotoxic and apoptotic processes, but have not been considered for proteome analysis. A ...comparative proteomic study in intestinal epithelial cell cultures incubated (60 μM/24 h) with 7keto-cholesterol or 7keto-stigmasterol was performed. The influence of both compounds was studied following the nLC-TripleTOF analysis. Findings were compared to results for control cultures. In the principal component analysis (PCA) of proteome patterns, two components were extracted accounting for 99.8% of the variance in the protein expression. PCA analysis clearly discriminated between the perturbations in the proteome of cell cultures incubated with 7keto-cholesterol and 7keto-stigmasterol. These proteins participate in mitochondrial function, lipid homeostasis, inflammation and immunity and cell proliferation. Remarkable differences between proteome patterns in cell cultures exposed to 7keto-cholesterol and 7keto-stigmasterol affect macrophage migration inhibitory factor, apolipoprotein E, Bcl-2-associated transcription factor and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein. Besides, exposure to 7keto-stigmasterol increased the concentration of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 and the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase protein. Such findings raise new questions about safety studies and the regulatory potential of oxysterols in the differentiation and function of intestinal and associated immune cells, their response to environmental stimuli and impairment of absorption processes.
•7keto-stigmasterol altered proteins that participate in the immune response(s) and fat partitioning.•7keto-stigmasterol altered Bcl-2 and Cdk1 in a contrasting proteome pattern to that induced by 7keto-cholesterol.•7keto-stigmasterol seems to impair the interaction of the LXRs with their ligands.
Most of the initiation and maintenance pediatric formulas commercialized in Spain contain prebiotics and/or nucleotides aiming at achieving beneficial effects on prevention of different pathologies ...and immune protection, similar to human breast milk. However, according to the current legislation, its inclusion is optional since sufficient scientific evidences supporting its mandatory inclusion is lacking.
To systematically review the scientific evidence from randomized clinical studies with a control group allowing determining the beneficial role for infant health derived from the inclusion of prebiotics and/or nucleotides in pediatric formulas.
We looked for and selected both original papers and reviews in Spanish and English language of placebo controlled randomized clinical studies published in the databases MEDLINE/PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct, and Scopus, until October of 2011.
We found 43 randomized clinical trials meeting the inclusion criteria.
More long-term randomized studies with higher number of patients, and standardized supplemental amounts and experimental conditions are needed to establish healthy statements with stronger scientific support regarding the addition of a mixture of prebiotics (GOS/FOS) and/or nucleotides in pediatric formulas. The current trend to include them in pediatric formulas may be justified based on the currently available evidence, as well as their safety and their presence in human breast milk.
Colorectal cancer risks could be reduced by polyphenol-rich diets that inhibit tumour cell growth.
To determine the polyphenolic profile of four fruit beverages (FbZn, FbZnFe, FbZnM and FbZnFeM) as ...affected by the presence of Zn with/without Fe and with/without skimmed milk, and the digestion conditions. To evaluate the antiproliferative activity of bioaccessible fractions against Caco-2 and HT-29 cells. To clarify whether cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis is involved in their possible antiproliferative activity.
The polyphenolic profiles were analyzed by RP-HPLC-DAD before and after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Cell proliferation and viability were measured using Trypan blue test, mitochondrial enzyme activity by means MTT test, cell cycle distribution using flow cytometry and apoptosis by means Hoechst dye.
The presence of zinc, iron and/or milk decreased the soluble extractable phenolic content before digestion probably by chelate formation, FbZn and FbZnFe being the samples with the highest soluble extractable phenolics. After digestion, a decrease in phenolics was observed in all zinc-fortified samples (up to 32% with respect to the original fruit beverages) - the FbZnFeM sample showing the lowest soluble extractable phenolic content, though with the lowest percentage decrease in phenolics (14%). FbZnM digest (approximately 50 microM total soluble extractable phenolics) was the sample that most inhibited Caco-2 and HT-29 cell proliferation after 24 h of incubation, without cytotoxicity. The specific combination of phytochemicals in FbZnM digest proved cytostatic and significantly suppressed proliferation through cell cycle arrest in the S-phase in both cell lines, without apoptosis.
Fruit beverages are commonly supplemented with milk, vitamins and/or minerals in order to improve their healthy effects by providing some bioactive components that can act additively or ...synergistically against oxidative stress.
To test whether iron, zinc, and milk added to fruit beverages do not affect the cytoprotective effect against oxidative damage to Caco-2 cells through GSH-related enzymes induction and cell cycle progression preservation, in comparison with non-supplemented fruit beverage.
Caco-2 cells were incubated 24 h with the bioaccessible fraction (BF) of eight fruit beverages with/without iron and/or zinc, and/or milk, and then challenged with H2O2 (5 mmol L-1 -2 h). Mitochondrial enzyme activities (MTT test), GSH-Rd and GSH-Px enzyme activities, cell cycle progression and caspase-3 activity were measured.
Fruit beverages prevented the deleterious effect of H2O2 on cell viability, with almost all samples reaching control basal levels. Only independent iron or zinc supplementation with/without milk exerted positive effects upon GSH-Rd activity. Both minerals with milk, afforded improved preservation of GSH-Px activity. All samples prevented the decrease in the G1 phase of cell cycle induced by H2O2, except iron supplemented samples with/without milk, but none of them avoided the increase in sub-G1 phase. However, this fact was not associated to caspase-3 activity, with a probable positive effect of zinc upon this parameter.
Mineral and/or milk supplementation of fruit beverages helps in the prevention of oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells based on cell viability maintenance, GSH-related enzymes activation, cell cycle distribution preservation and inhibition of caspase-3 activation.
This work evaluates the effect of bioaccessible fractions from fruit beverages against oxidative stress (OS) in Caco-2 cells. A fruit beverage (grape + orange + apricot) (with/without milk and/or ...iron/zinc) was subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, and bioaccessible fractions were incubated with Caco-2 cell cultures. Following preincubation, OS was induced with 5 mM H₂O₂. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial potential (Δψm), mitochondrial metabolism (MTT test), intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured. The data evidenced viable cultures with increased mitochondrial metabolism and GSH-Rd activities, without alteration in SOD activity. Accordingly, more preserved mitochondrial integrity was also evidenced, allowing the action of antioxidant systems in preincubated cultures. Based on these data, we can conclude that a cytoprotective effect is derived from bioaccessible fractions of fruit beverages, though this effect failed to prevent intracellular ROS accumulation in Caco-2 cell cultures exposed to 5 mM H₂O₂.
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