This paper presents the analysis of CAN communication protocol operation which actually is a communication between the nodes utilizing different types of sensors. The system consists of multiple ...nodes with microcontrollers of different architectures. One node is a control node and other nodes send data to it. The system is implemented and checked in the laboratory. For signal analysis, a digital oscilloscope and logic analyzer are used. Also, the obtained results and signal diagrams are presented as well.
The increased production of biodiesel as an alternative fuel involves the
simultaneous growth in production of crude glycerol as its main by-product.
Therefore, the feasibility and sustainability of ...biodiesel production
requires the effective utilization of crude glycerol. This review describes
various uses of crude glycerol as a potential green solvent for chemical
reactions, a starting raw material for chemical and biochemical conversions
into value-added chemicals, a substrate or co-substrate in microbial
fermentations for synthesis of valuable chemicals and production of biogas
and biohydrogen as well as a feedstuff for animal feed. A special attention
is paid to various uses of crude glycerol in biodiesel production.
Current measurement in power electronic systems is a necessary part of the measurement process. There are different ways for current measurement like using current transformers or using the Rogowski ...coils which are not precise enough in many applications and not suitable for use in power electronic measurement systems. For that reason, the Hall effect-based sensor can be used as a very precise alternative with minimum external components. Presented in this paper is utilizing the Hall effect current sensor ACS712 for current measurement with a microcontroller system. The measurement with the Hall effect sensor is described with an appropriate comparison of the measurement values on a microcontroller system and multimeter and high precision power analyzer Chauvin Arnoux 8335.
Waste glycerol from biodiesel production is a valuable raw material that has been used to produce valuable microbial metabolites. In this work, the possibility of microbial utilization of waste ...glycerol obtained as a by-product in biodiesel production from sunflower and rapeseed oil by the lactic acid bacterium Enterococcus faecalis MK3-10A on a laboratory level was studied. For comparison, pure glycerol and glucose were used as carbon sources. The kinetics of the microbial biomass growth, the carbon source utilization, and the lactic acid production were monitored. The bacterium E. faecalis MK3-10A better grew in the media with glucose or pure glycerol as a carbon source, but the lactic acid production rate was the highest (14.6 mg/(ml/day)) in the medium with waste glycerol from the sunflower oil-based biodiesel production. Therefore, this waste glycerol might be a promising carbon source for lactic acidbacteria cultivation and lactic acid production.
The effect of isatin derivatives as a nitrogen source on antibiotic (Hexaene
H-85 and Azalomycine B) production by Streptomyces hygroscopicus CH-7 was
studied. Isatin-3-hydrazone, ...5-chloroisatin-3-hydrazone,
isatin-3-tosylhydrazone, 5-chloroisatin-3-tosylhydrazone,
isatin-3-(4`-hidroxy)benzoilhydrazone and
5-chloroisatin-3-(4`-hidroxy)benzoilhydrazone were synthesized in a crude
glycerol, obtained during the biodiesel production from edible sunflower oil.
The highest concentration of Hexaene H-85 is achieved with
5-chloroisatin-3-hydrazone (197 mg/cm3) in medium, while isatin-3-hydrazone
has a greatest impact on Azalomycine B production (72 ?g/cm3).
In the present work, four derivatives of salicylaldehyde (salicylaldehyde-hydrazone, phenylhydrazone, semicarbazone and thiosemicarbazone) were synthesized using both conventional (95% ethanol) and ...green (crude glycerol from biodiesel production) solvents. The obtained compounds were identified by elemental microanalysis, as well as FTIR, UV/Vis and 1H-NMR spectroscopic methods. Yields of 93?98% of the compounds in crude glycerol were achieved within 10?25 min. The derivatives of salicylaldehyde and crude glycerol were used as a nitrogen and carbon source, respectively, in the medium for antibiotic (hexaene H-85 and azalomycine B) production by Streptomyces hygroscopicus CH-7. The highest concentrations of hexaene H-85 and azalomycine B were achieved in the medium containing salicylaldehyde-thiosemicarbazone (198 and 69 ?g/cm3, respectively). Derivatives of salicylaldehyde also impacted the strain morphology. In the media with salicylaldehyde- phenylhydrazone and salicylaldehyde-thiosemicarbazone, S. hygroscopicus CH-7 grew like large dispersive pellets with long twisted filaments that produced the highest yield of the antibiotics.
In the nineties of the last century it was noticed in the U.S.A. that
suddenly the number of crimes with violence in the inter-racial and
inter-ethnical conflicts rose. Also the phenomenon of ...ignition of churches,
religious and sacral objects, especially in the south of the U.S.A., objects
which were used by black people, was recorded. Directly in relation to that -
the term ?hate crimes? then arose in science and became outspread very
quickly, primarily in criminology. Several events, and above all the murder
of a young homosexual in Wyoming influenced for both the violence and the
crimes commited towards the homosexuals and all due to the prejudices towards
this sexual minority to be included in this term. Today, this term is used
not only in the U.S.A. and not only in a criminological sense, but also in a
purely legal sense to denote the crimes which were carried out under the
influence of hate towards a correspondent racial, ethnical or sexual
minority. This term is linked also to the terminology and thus the problems
which are related to the ?hate speech?. The author of this paper writes about
how this term arose in the first place and which problems emerge related to
hate crimes and primarily in relation to the issues of expansion of democracy
and tolerance, and also education, primarily among the police force and the
young population. The author also ascertains that only with the law, no great
effects in the battle against this phenomenon can be achieved and that before
the criminal-legal intervention some other measures have to be approached,
like the creation of an atmosphere of tolerance and the education of the
citizens about the phenomenon of hate crimes.
Devedesetih godina proslog veka, primeceno je u SAD da je iznenada porastao
broj nasilnih krivicnih dela u medjurasnim, medjuetnickim sukobima. Takodje je
evidentirana i pojava paljenja crkava, verskih i sakralnih objekata, narocito
na jugu SAD, onih objekata koji su bili korisceni od strane crnaca. Upravo u
vezi sa tim, u nauci je, prvenstveno u kriminologiji tada i nastao termin,
koji se vrlo brzo rasirio, termin ?zlocini mrznje?. Nekoliko dogadjaja, a pre
svega ubistvo jednog mladog homoseksualca u Vajomingu, uticali su da u ovaj
pojam bude ukljuceno i nasilje i zlocini izvrseni prema homoseksualcima, a
sve zbog predrasuda prema ovoj seksualnoj manjini. Danas se ovaj termin
upotrebljava ne samo u SAD i ne samo u kriminoloskom, vec i u cisto pravnom
smislu da oznaci zlocine koji su izvrseni pod uticajem mrznje prema
odgovarajucoj rasnoj, etnickoj, ili seksualnoj manjini. Ovaj termin se
povezuje i sa terminologijom, te problemima koji su u vezi sa ?govorom
mrznje?. Autor ovog clanka govori o tome kako je uopste nastao ovaj termin,
te koji se sve problemi pojavljuju u vezi sa zlocinima mrznje, a prvenstveno
u vezi sa problematikom sirenja demokratije i tolerancije, odnosno edukacije,
prvenstveno medju policijom, i medju mladom populacijom. Autor, takodje,
konstatuje da se samo zakonom ne mogu postici veliki efekti na planu borbe
protiv ove pojave, te da, pre krivicnopravne intervencije, mora se pristupiti
nekim drugim merama, a tu je rec upravo o stvaranju atmosfere tolerancije, te
edukovanju gradjana o fenomenu zlocina mrznje.
The biodiesel production has gained increasing attention of the researches in
recent years. Current commercial biodiesel production involves
transesterification of oil derived from oil crops. Since ...this production is
no more sustainable, the use of microalgae represents a good alternative.
Microalgae have high growth rate, high oil content and can be cultured in
the environment which are not suitable for agriculture. Additionally,
microalgae cultivation improves the reduction of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere. Selection of microalgae for oil production must take into
consider certain criteria which include growth rate, oil content, fatty
acids profile and ease of separation. In order to analyze the possibility of
the use of microalgae for the production of oil, isolation of freshwater
microalgae was performed. The isolation was done by the use of traditional
techniques from freshwaters near Leskovac. A total number of 6 microalgae
strains were isolated and identified as the representatives of the genera
Chlorococcum (1 isolate), Chlorella (1 isolate), Scenedesmus (1 isolate) and
Desmodesmus (3 isolates). Isolates of microalgae were screened for the
growth rate, biomass and oil productivity and oil content. The highest
content of biomass was 1.5 g/l and it was observed in the strains
Chlorococcum sp. and Desmodesmus sp. 1. The highest value of specific growth
rate was calculated during the growth of microalgae Chlorella sp.,
Scenedesmus sp. and Desmodesmus sp.1, while the lowest value was observed
for Chlorococcum sp. Oil productivity was the highest for Chlorella sp. and
Desmodesmus sp.1 (0,4 g/l) and the lowest for Desmodesmus sp.2, Desmodesmus
sp.3 and Chlorococcum sp. (0,2 g/l). The oil content was in the range from
15.8% (Chlorococcum sp.) to 33% (Chlorella sp). Since the microalgae
isolates Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. had the highest oil productivity,
high growth rate and high oil content, these strains are the most suitable
for further investigation in order to improve the oil yield and analyse the
possibility of the use in the production of biodiesel.
nema
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