The elliptic flow (v2) event-by-event fluctuations in PbPb collisions at 5.02 TeV are analyzed within the HYDJET++ model. Using the multiparticle, so-called Q-cumulant method, v2{2}, v2{4}, v2{6}, ...and v2{8} are calculated and used to study their ratios and to construct skewness (γexp1) as a measure of the asymmetry of the elliptic flow distribution. Additionally, in order to check if there is a hydrodynamics nature in the elliptic collectivity generated by the HYDJET++ model, the ratio of v2{6}−v2{8} and v2{4}−v2{6} distributions is calculated. The analysis is performed as a function of the collision centrality. In order to check the HYDJET++ model responses, the results of this analysis are compared to the corresponding experimental measurements from the ALICE, ATLAS, and CMS experiments. A rather good qualitative agreement is found.
The Detector Control System of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter has undergone significant improvements during the first LHC Long Shutdown. Based on the experience acquired during the first period ...of physics data taking of the LHC, several hardware projects were carried out to improve data accuracy, to minimise the impact of failures and to extend remote control possibilities in order to accelerate recovery from problematic situations. This paper outlines the hardware of the detector control and safety systems and explains in detail the requirements, design and commissioning of the new hardware projects.
Recent LHC results on the appearance of sub-leading flow modes in PbPb collisions at 2.76 TeV, related to initial-state fluctuations, are analyzed and interpreted within the HYDJET++ model. Using the ...newly introduced Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method applied to two-particle azimuthal correlations extracted from the model calculations, the leading and sub-leading flow modes are studied as a function of the transverse momentum (pT) over a wide centrality range. The leading modes of the elliptic and triangular flow calculated with the HYDJET++ model reproduce rather well the v2{2} and v3{2} coefficients measured experimentally using the two-particle correlations. Within the pT ⩽ 3 GeV/c range, where hydrodynamics dominates, the sub-leading flow effects are greatest at the highest pT of around 3 GeV/c. The sub-leading elliptic flow mode , which corresponds to the n = 2 harmonic, has a small non-zero value and slowly increases from central to peripheral collisions, while the sub-leading triangular flow mode , which corresponds to the n=3 harmonic, is even smaller and does not depend on centrality. For n= 2, the relative magnitude of the effect measured with respect to the leading flow mode shows a shallow minimum for semi-central collisions and increases for very central and for peripheral collisions. For the n= 3 case, there is no centrality dependence. The sub-leading flow mode results obtained from the HYDJET++ model are in rather good agreement with the experimental measurements of the CMS Collaboration.
The LHC results on the sub-leading flow modes in PbPb collisions at 2.76 TeV, related to initial-state fluctuations, are analyzed and interpreted within the HYDJET++ model. Using the newly introduced ...Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method applied to two-particle azimuthal correlations extracted from the model calculations, the leading and the sub-leading flow modes are studied as a function of the transverse momentum (pT ) over a wide centrality range. The leading modes of the elliptic (v
(1)
2
) and triangular (v
3
(1)
3) flow calculated within the HYDJET++ model reproduce rather well the v
2
{2} and v
3
{2} coeffcients experimentally measured using the two-particle correlations. Within the pT ≤3 GeV/c range where hydrodynamics dominates, the sub-leading flow effects are greatest at the highest pT of around 3 GeV/c. The sub-leading elliptic flow mode (v
2
(2)
), which corresponds to n=2 harmonic, has a small non-zero value and slowly increases from central to peripheral collisions, while the sub-leading triangular flow mode (v
3
(2)
), which corresponds to n =3 harmonic, is even smaller and does not depend on centrality. For n =2, the relative magnitude of the effect measured with respect to the leading flow mode shows a shallow minimum for semi-central collisions and increases for very central and for peripheral collisions. For n =3 case, there is no centrality dependence. The subleading flow mode results obtained from the HYDJET++ model are in a rather good agreement with the experimental measurements of the CMS Collaboration.
Recent LHC results on the appearance of sub-leading flow modes in Pb Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV, related to initial-state fluctuations, are analyzed and interpreted within the HYDJET＋＋ model. Using ...the newly introduced Principal Component Analysis（PCA） method applied to two-particle azimuthal correlations extracted from the model calculations, the leading and sub-leading flow modes are studied as a function of the transverse momentum（p T） over a wide centrality range. The leading modes of the elliptic（v2^（1）） and triangular（v3^（1）） flow calculated with the HYDJET＋＋ model reproduce rather well the v2 {2} and v3 {2} coefficients measured experimentally using the two-particle correlations. Within the p T 3 Ge V/c range, where hydrodynamics dominates, the sub-leading flow effects are greatest at the highest p T of around 3 Ge V/c. The sub-leading elliptic flow mode（v2^（2））, which corresponds to the n = 2 harmonic, has a small non-zero value and slowly increases from central to peripheral collisions, while the sub-leading triangular flow mode（v3^（2））, which corresponds to the n = 3 harmonic, is even smaller and does not depend on centrality. For n= 2, the relative magnitude of the effect measured with respect to the leading flow mode shows a shallow minimum for semi-central collisions and increases for very central and for peripheral collisions. For the n= 3 case, there is no centrality dependence. The sub-leading flow mode results obtained from the HYDJET＋＋model are in rather good agreement with the experimental measurements of the CMS Collaboration.
We aim to study extremely dense matter in heavy-ion collisions at 1 −19 AGeV/c at a future project of J-PARC (J-PARC-HI). We will search for the first order phase boundary and its critical end point ...in the QCD phase diagram. We also aim at studying the properties of dense matter related to neutron stars and neutron star mergers, in particular the equation of state (EOS). We expect to produce the world's highest rate of 1011Hz of heavy-ion beams, with ion species from p to U. We design spectrometers based on a large dipole magnet to measure hadrons, dimuons, and hypernuclei. We evaluate some of key performance of the spectrometers based on detailed simulations.
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