Historically, herbicides were used for
Echinochloa
spp control in California rice production which led to the selection of herbicide-resistant biotypes. Field surveys were conducted across the seven ...major rice-growing counties in 2020 and
Echinochloa
spp samples including barnyardgrass (
Echinochloa crus-galli
(L.) P.Beauv.), junglerice (
Echinochloa colona
(L.) Link), late watergrass (
Echinochloa oryzicola
(Vasinger) Vasinger) and coast cockspur (
Echinochloa walteri
(Pursh) Heller) were collected. Greenhouse experiments were carried out to determine their suspected resistance to common preemergence and postemergence rice herbicides used in California in Fall and Winter of 2021. A total of 62 and 63 samples were characterized for suspected resistance to four preemergence granular and three postemergence foliar-applied herbicides, respectively. When granular herbicides were evaluated, samples suspected of resistance in Winter were a subset of samples that were suspected of resistance in Fall. Results indicate >90% of
Echinochloa
spp samples were resistant to thiobencarb, benzobicyclon + halosulfuron and penoxsulam when combined across species and counties. Cross-resistance between benzobicyclon + halosulfuron and penoxsulam was observed in >90% of the samples when combined across species and counties. Suspected clomazone resistance was observed in <75% of the samples when combined across species and counties. Suspected resistance to cyhalofop and propanil was observed in <50% of the samples when averaged across both runs. Multiple-resistance to foliar herbicides ranged from 48-60% of the samples across species and experimental runs. These results indicate the necessity for rotating herbicides during alternate cropping seasons and emphasizing integrating non-chemical strategies for
Echinochloa
spp control in California rice production.
We will consider a variational problem arising out of the localized induction equation. We are motivated by the idea of finding “fair” splines, by considering an energy functional involving the ...derivative of the curvature. Among the solutions to the Euler-Lagrange equations are two elastic curves and the Kiepert Trefoil. We will introduce features and properties of the trefoil. One of the features of the trefoil is that it is an algebraic curve with a simple parametrization to handle. In addition to this, we will show that the trefoil is a model for a two-parameter spline and provide examples of how pieces of the trefoil can be cut, transformed and fitted so that the resulting curve is aesthetically “fair”.
This paper explores control of a four rotor aerial vehicle, or quadrotor. The quadrotor exhibits under-damped and under-actuated dynamics, so designing a feedback control that can provide robustness ...to disturbances such as wind and adapt to payloads provides a research challenge. The Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller (CMAC) is a type of neural network that can provide the basis for a stable adaptive neurocontrol. However, traditional robust weight update schemes for the CMAC must often sacrifice performance to eliminate bursting caused by weight drift. This work applies an introspective voting weight update scheme to a CMAC to avoid busting, without reducing performance. The proposed scheme achieves stable, adaptive, and robust control in both simulation and experiment.
Mikhail Larionovich Mikhailov Clark Troy
Dictionary of Literary Biography, vol. 238: Russian Novelists in the Age of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky,
2001
Reference
"Within less than a month, I'd had the mammogram, the ultrasound, a breast MRI, a biopsy, a mediport installed -- kind of like human USB, so I don't have to be poked every time -- and chemo, all ...within three weeks," said Graczyk, who lives in Bloomington.
"There will probably be, according to the American Cancer Society, 1,990 cases of male breast cancer diagnosed in the United States this year and probably 450 deaths," said Caisley, reading from ...reams of notes and information. The death rate for men is higher than for women because women get mammograms and examine themselves and men almost never get breast cancer.
In late December, Thomas discovered a lump in her breast after a self examination, crediting WEEK TV's Buddy Check program that encourages women to perform self exams on the 25th of each month. A ...woman she'd only said hello to in the church choir became her "cancer coach," not only offering advice and experience but helping take care of her and her home.
