An outbreak of a lethal morbillivirus infection of long-finned pilot whales occurred in the Mediterranean Sea from the end of October 2006 through April 2007. Sequence analysis of a 426-bp conserved ...fragment of the morbillivirus phosphoprotein gene indicates that the virus is more closely related to dolphin morbillivirus than to pilot whale morbillivirus.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Wild populations of many species are declining as a result of habitat destruction and climate change but also through the over-collection for wild meat and the pet trade. With a long history of trade ...around the Mediterranean, populations of the spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca graeca) have become highly disturbed. In this study we utilise a molecular approach to investigate the diversity, population admixture and structure of T. g. graeca populations in northern Africa and southern Spain, as well as to obtain an insight into the origin of newly established populations in the south of Europe. We infer this from the sequencing of two partial regions of the mitochondria (12s rRNA + cyt b) and genotyping at 16 microsatellite markers in 448 tortoises. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that Spanish populations were founded from North Africa, the consequence of multiple introductions or exchanges in genetic material as a result of trans-oceanic dispersal. Despite the trade of individuals between both sides of the Gibraltar Strait, our analysis of population structure showed clear differences between both the African and European populations, suggesting an incipient evolutionary lineage in southeast of Spain. As such, these populations possess unique genetic identities and should be treated as different management units. Surprisingly, the genetic data identified a great deal of diversity contained within pet (captive) stock and also allowed us to infer hybrids among individuals with another species of terrestrial tortoise from northern Spain (T. hermanni hermanni). Additionally, our results provide insight into the local movement and trade of individuals that has occurred around the Mediterranean basin (between northern Africa and southern Spain) and as such provides guidance for the effective management of T. g. graeca captive stock and the illegal trafficking.
The single-dose disposition kinetics of the antibiotic danofloxacin were determined in clinically normal loggerhead turtles (n = 6) after intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC) and intramuscular (IM) ...administration of 6 mg kg(-1) bodyweight. Danofloxacin concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The concentration-time data were analyzed by non-compartmental kinetic methods. Steady-state volume of distribution, and total body clearance of danofloxacin after IV administration were estimated to be 1.02 +/- 0.17 1 kg(-1) and 0.11 +/- 0.01 1 h(-1) kg(-1), respectively. Following IM and SC administration, danofloxacin achieved maximum plasma concentrations of 10.25 +/- 4.59 and 10.35 +/- 4.45 mg l(-1) at 1.20 +/- 0.52 and 1.46 +/- 0.48 h, respectively. The absolute bioavailabilities after SC and IM routes were 98.72 +/- 11.73 and 104.81 +/- 14.97%, respectively. Danofloxacin shows a favourable pharmacokinetic profile in loggerhead turtles reflected by parameters such as a long half-life and a high bioavailability following a single dose of 6 mg kg(-1) by IM and SC routes; thus, it is likely that this treatment will be effective in loggerhead turtles with bacterial infections.
Defining the unique molecular features of progenitors and their niche requires a genome-wide, whole-tissue approach with cellular resolution. Here, we co-isolate embryonic hair follicle (HF) placode ...and dermal condensate cells, precursors of adult HF stem cells and the dermal papilla/sheath niche, along with lineage-related keratinocytes and fibroblasts, Schwann cells, melanocytes, and a population inclusive of all remaining skin cells. With next-generation RNA sequencing, we define gene expression patterns in the context of the entire embryonic skin, and through transcriptome cross-comparisons, we uncover hundreds of enriched genes in cell-type-specific signatures. Axon guidance signaling and many other pathway genes are enriched in multiple signatures, implicating these factors in driving the large-scale cellular rearrangements necessary for HF formation. Finally, we share all data in an interactive, searchable companion website. Our study provides an overarching view of signaling within the entire embryonic skin and captures a molecular snapshot of HF progenitors and their niche.
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•Embryonic skin is made up of heterogeneous cell types during hair follicle formation•A comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of developing skin is presented•Hair follicle progenitor/niche cells express unique genes imparting functionality
The gamut of molecular messengers exchanged during the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions driving hair follicle morphogenesis are unknown. Sennett et al. isolate hair follicle progenitor and niche cells alongside all other cells from embryonic skin and use RNA sequencing to define gene expression signatures of distinct cell types within a heterogeneous tissue.
A safe and simple method to fabricate air‐stable nickel nitride and nickel embedded in carbon and nitrogen matrix, with high surface area for catalytic applications, is presented. The new synthesis ...employs molten inorganic salts as the reaction media. The use of salt melt opens new possibilities for safe, simple, and cheap synthesis of metal nitrides and metals for energy‐related applications.
In the search for alternative materials to current expensive catalysts, Ni has been addressed as one of the most promising and, on this trail, its corresponding nitride. However, nickel nitride is a ...thermally unstable compound, and therefore not easy to prepare especially as nanoparticles. In the present work, a sol–gel‐based process (the urea glass route) is applied to prepare well‐defined and homogeneous Ni3N and Ni nanoparticles. In both cases, the prepared crystalline nanoparticles (∼25 nm) are dispersed in a carbon matrix forming interesting Ni3N‐ and Ni‐based composites. These nanocomposites were characterised by means of several techniques, such as XRD, HR‐TEM, EELS, and the reaction mechanism was investigated by TGA and IR and herein discussed. The catalytic activity of Ni3N is investigated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, for hydrogenation reactions involving H2, and here compared to the one of Ni. Both materials show good catalytic activities but, interestingly, give a different selectivity between different functional groups (namely, nitro, alkene and nitrile groups).
A nickel for every time: Homogeneous Ni3N and Ni nanoparticles embedded in a carbon matrix were prepared by the urea glass route. Their respective catalytic activities over different functional groups are reported for hydrogenation reactions using H2 (see scheme).
Porous TiNxOy‐based particles were synthesized by an aerosol spray process. At first, the starting sol solution containing the metal precursor and the nitrogen source is sprayed to form an aerosol ...that is subsequently pyrolysed at different temperatures. The obtained dried particles are an amorphous coordination “polymer” rich in carbon and nitrogen. These “glassy” particles are finally thermally treated at 800 °C, promoting the crystallization of the particles and the release of a major part of the carbon. As the particles keep their original shape, carbon loss and density increase during the crystallization step and lead to the development of an accessible pore structure. The process was analyzed and extended to the synthesis of other metal nitrides, such as VN and W2N, thereby showing its general validity for the production of functional nanocrystalline nitride ceramics with high porosity still occupying a relatively small volume, and otherwise not easily accessible.
Ceramics: Porous TiNxOy@C nanocomposites were prepared at relatively moderate temperature without the assistance of any template by coupling an aerosol process with the urea glass route. The relative specific surface area (up to 187 m2g−1) and porosity can be adjusted by changing the reaction conditions (see figure).
Abstract
Porous TiN
x
O
y
‐based particles were synthesized by an aerosol spray process. At first, the starting sol solution containing the metal precursor and the nitrogen source is sprayed to form ...an aerosol that is subsequently pyrolysed at different temperatures. The obtained dried particles are an amorphous coordination “polymer” rich in carbon and nitrogen. These “glassy” particles are finally thermally treated at 800 °C, promoting the crystallization of the particles and the release of a major part of the carbon. As the particles keep their original shape, carbon loss and density increase during the crystallization step and lead to the development of an accessible pore structure. The process was analyzed and extended to the synthesis of other metal nitrides, such as VN and W
2
N, thereby showing its general validity for the production of functional nanocrystalline nitride ceramics with high porosity still occupying a relatively small volume, and otherwise not easily accessible.
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