This volume brings together prominent international scholars involved in both Western and indigenous social work across the globe - including James Midgley, Linda Briskman, Alean Al-Krenawi and John ...R. Graham - to discuss some of the most significant global trends and issues relating to indigenous and cross-cultural social work.
Decolonizing social work Gray, Mel; Coates, John; Yellow Bird, Michael ...
2013., 2013, 20160513, 2016-05-13, 2016-05-18, 2013-02-20
eBook
In this volume, Indigenous and non-Indigenous social work scholars examine local cultures, beliefs, values, and practices as central to decolonization. Supported by a growing interest in spirituality ...and ecological awareness in international social work, they interrogate trends, issues, and debates in Indigenous social work theory, practice methods, and education models including a section on Indigenous research approaches.
Some members of Congress, the D.C. Circuit, and the legal academy are promoting a particular, abstract form of cost-benefit analysis for financial regulation: judicially enforced quantification. How ...would CBA work in practice, if applied to specific, important, representative rules, and what is the alternative? Detailed case studies of six rules—(1) disclosure rules under Sarbanes-Oxley section 404; (2) the SECs mutual fund governance reforms; (3) Basel Ill's heightened capital requirements for banks; (4) the Volcker Rule; (5) the SEC's crossborder swap proposals; and (6) the FSA's mortgage reforms—show that precise, reliable, quantified CBA remains unfeasible. Quantified CBA of such rules can be no more than "guesstimated," as it entails (a) causal inferences that are unreliable under standard regulatory conditions; (b) the use of problematic data; and/or (c) the same contestable, assumption-sensitive macroeconomic and/or political modeling used to make monetary policy, which even CBA advocates would exempt from CBA laws. Expert judgment remains an inevitable part of what advocates label "gold-standard" quantified CBA, because finance is central to the economy, is social and political, and is non-stationary. Judicial review of quantified CBA can be expected to do more to camouflage discretionary choices than to discipline agencies or promote democracy.
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All organisms require an electron donor and acceptor, frequently in chemical form, but an elegant alternative is to supply these via direct electrochemical means. Electricity has been used to ...stimulate microbial metabolism for over 50 years. Since the first report of oxygenating media using anodic oxygen generation from electrolysis in 1956, researchers have made use of applied power systems to supply energy for microbial respiratory processes from fermentations to anaerobic reduction of toxic pollutants. Bioelectrical reactors (BERs) have been utilized for culturing organisms, influencing metabolite production, and biotransformation of a wide array of compounds. Both enrichment and pure cultures have been cultivated in the presence of applied current, showcasing the applicative diversity of these systems. As the need for more environmentally conscious solutions to waste-treatment, remediation, and cultivation efforts increases, systems that supply energy to microorganisms without chemical amendment are becoming more attractive. Additionally, the essential flexibility of BERs offers an almost unlimited range of solutions for metabolic stimulation and downstream application.
We review and assess research findings from more than 120 papers in accounting, finance, and law to evaluate the impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We describe significant developments in how the Act ...was implemented and find that despite severe criticism, the Act and institutions it created have survived almost intact since enactment. We report survey findings from informed parties that suggest that the Act has produced financial reporting benefits. While the direct costs of the Act were substantial and fell disproportionately on smaller companies, costs have fallen over time and in response to changes in its implementation. Research about indirect costs such as loss of risk taking in the U.S. is inconclusive. The evidence for and social welfare implications of claimed effects such as fewer IPOs or loss of foreign listings are unclear. Financial reporting quality appears to have gone up after SOX but research on causal attribution is weak. On balance, research on the Act's net social welfare remains inconclusive. We end by outlining challenges facing research in this area, and propose an agenda for better modeling costs and benefits of financial regulation.
Prenatal androgens have important organizing effects on brain development and future behavior. The second-to-fourth digit length ratio (2D:4D) has been proposed as a marker of these prenatal androgen ...effects, a relatively longer fourth finger indicating higher prenatal androgen exposure. 2D:4D has been shown to predict success in highly competitive sports. Yet, little is known about the effects of prenatal androgens on an economically influential class of competitive risk taking--trading in the financial world. Here, we report the findings of a study conducted in the City of London in which we sampled 2D:4D from a group of male traders engaged in what is variously called "noise" or "high-frequency" trading. We found that 2D:4D predicted the traders' long-term profitability as well as the number of years they remained in the business. 2D:4D also predicted the sensitivity of their profitability to increases both in circulating testosterone and in market volatility. Our results suggest that prenatal androgens increase risk preferences and promote more rapid visuomotor scanning and physical reflexes. The success and longevity of traders exposed to high levels of prenatal androgens further suggests that financial markets may select for biological traits rather than rational expectations.
Environmental social work Gray, Mel; Coates, John; Hetherington, Tiani
2013., 2013, 20121112, 2012, 2012-11-12
eBook
Social work has been late to engage with the environmental movement. Often working with an exclusively social understanding of environment, much of the social work profession has overlooked the ...importance of environmental issues. However, recently, the impact of and worldwide attention to climate change, a string of natural disasters, and increased understanding of issues around environmental justice has put the environment, sustainability, and well-being in the spotlight.
Divided into three parts, this field-defining work explores what environmental social work is, and how it can be put into practice. The first section focuses on theory, discussing ecological and social justice, as well as sustainability, spirituality and human rights. The second section comprises case studies of evolving environmental social work practice. The case studies derive from a range of areas from urban gardens and community organizing to practice with those affected by climate change. The final section - relevant to students and lecturers - looks at learning about environmental issues in social work.
Environmental Social Work provides an integrated theoretical and practical overview of why and how social work might respond to environmental factors affecting the societies and people they work with at international, national, local and individual levels.
Microbial sulfate reduction (SR) by sulfate-reducing micro-organisms (SRM) is a primary environmental mechanism of anaerobic organic matter mineralization, and as such influences carbon and sulfur ...cycling in many natural and engineered environments. In industrial systems, SR results in the generation of hydrogen sulfide, a toxic, corrosive gas with adverse human health effects and significant economic and environmental consequences. Therefore, there has been considerable interest in developing strategies for mitigating hydrogen sulfide production, and several specific inhibitors of SRM have been identified and characterized. Specific inhibitors are compounds that disrupt the metabolism of one group of organisms, with little or no effect on the rest of the community. Putative specific inhibitors of SRM have been used to control sulfidogenesis in industrial and engineered systems. Despite the value of these inhibitors, mechanistic and quantitative studies into the molecular mechanisms of their inhibition have been sparse and unsystematic. The insight garnered by such studies is essential if we are to have a more complete understanding of SR, including the past and current selective pressures acting upon it. Furthermore, the ability to reliably control sulfidogenesis - and potentially assimilatory sulfate pathways - relies on a thorough molecular understanding of inhibition. The scope of this review is to summarize the current state of the field: how we measure and understand inhibition, the targets of specific SR inhibitors and how SRM acclimatize and/or adapt to these stressors.
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