A new family of hypervalent iodine reagents containing transferable primary amine groups is described. Benziodoxolone-based reagents were synthesized on the gram-scale through operationally simple ...reactions in up to quantitative yields. These bench-stable solids were characterized by X-ray analysis and successfully employed in the α-amination of indanone-based β-ketoesters in up to 83% yield. Mechanistic studies indicate a substitution mechanism involving an electrophilic amine.
The productivity of rainforests growing on highly weathered tropical soils is expected to be limited by phosphorus availability1. Yet, controlled fertilization experiments have been unable to ...demonstrate a dominant role for phosphorus in controlling tropical forest net primary productivity. Recent syntheses have demonstrated that responses to nitrogen addition are as large as to phosphorus2, and adaptations to low phosphorus availability appear to enable net primary productivity to be maintained across major soil phosphorus gradients3. Thus, the extent to which phosphorus availability limits tropical forest productivity is highly uncertain. The majority of the Amazonia, however, is characterized by soils that are more depleted in phosphorus than those in which most tropical fertilization experiments have taken place2. Thus, we established a phosphorus, nitrogen and base cation addition experiment in an old growth Amazon rainforest, with a low soil phosphorus content that is representative of approximately 60% ofthe Amazon basin. Here we show that net primary productivity increased exclusively with phosphorus addition. After 2 years, strong responses were observed in fine root (+29%) and canopy productivity (+19%), but not stem growth. The direct evidence of phosphorus limitation of net primary productivity suggests that phosphorus availability may restrict Amazon forest responses to CO2 fertilization4, with major implications for future carbon sequestration and forest resilience to climate change.
Quinoa, amaranth and purple corn are Andean cereals largely consumed in North of Argentina. Nutrient analysis with the purpose of inclusion in the Argentinean FCDB and e-search EuroFIR has become ...urgent matter. In this work proximate and mineral profile of Andean cereals cultivated in the North of Argentina were determined and compared with rice. Proximate analysis showed that Andean cereals have similar profile but significantly higher (p<0.05) than rice. Andean cereals are rich sources of iron, copper, manganese and zinc and better than rice. Phosphorus and magnesium quinoa content could contribute up to 55% of consumers DRI. Andean cereals and rice are poor sources of potassium. To guarantee the interchange of data among users and producers of FCDB component values were obtained in compliance with EuroFIR guidelines for compilation process. Present work provides necessary information to FCDB users who wish to have access to food reference analytical parameters.
Diseases caused by ticks have a high impact on the health, welfare, and productivity of livestock species. They are also an important cause of economic losses in farms worldwide. An example of such ...diseases is theileriosis, which can be controlled by drugs or vaccines, although these are not fully efficient. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative and more sustainable and efficient complementary strategies. These may involve the identification and selection of animals more resistant to the disease. Several previous studies have identified significant differences in resistance between different breeds, with resistant breeds typically identified as those native to the region where they are being studied, and susceptible as those from exotic breeds. These studies have indicated that resistance traits are intrinsically related to the modulation of the immune response to infection. This review aims to systematize the general knowledge about theileriosis, emphasize resistance to this disease as a sustainable control strategy, and identify which traits of resistance to the disease are already known in cattle.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
An association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease is now well documented; however, the effect of periodontitis severity levels on this outcome, specifically on acute ...myocardial infarction (AMI), remains unexplored. This study investigated the association between levels of periodontitis severity (exposure) and AMI (outcome).
Methods
This case‐control study, matched by sex and age, was conducted with 621 participants, with 207 individuals treated in the emergency department of Santa Izabel and Ana Nery Hospitals in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, diagnosed with a first AMI event, and compared to 414 individuals without a diagnosis of AMI. Levels of periodontitis severity followed two criteria: (1) Center for Disease Prevention and Control and American Academy of Periodontology; (2) Gomes‐Filho et al. (2018) using criteria that also evaluated bleeding upon probing. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed and odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained.
Results
The adjusted association measurements showed a positive association between both severe (ORadjusted ranged from 2.21 to 3.92; 95% CI ranged from 1.03 to 10.05) and moderate periodontitis (ORadjusted ranged from 1.96 to 2.51; 95% CI ranged from 1.02 to 6.19), and AMI, for both periodontitis diagnostic criteria. It demonstrated that among those with moderate and severe periodontitis, the chance of having AMI was approximately two to four times greater than among those without periodontitis.
Conclusion
The findings demonstrate that there is an association between the severity of the periodontal condition and AMI, suggesting a possible relationship among the levels of periodontitis severity and the cardiovascular condition.
Q fever is caused by the pathogen
and is a zoonosis that naturally infects goats, sheep, and cats, but can also infect humans, birds, reptiles, or arthropods. A survey was conducted for the detection ...of antibodies against
in a sample of 617 free-ranging wild ruminants, 358 wild boar (
) and 259 red deer (
), in east-central Portugal during the 2016-2022 hunting seasons. Only adult animals were sampled in this study. Antibodies specific to
were detected using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; IDVet
, Montpellier, France) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The seroprevalence of
infection was 1.5% (
= 9; 95% confidence interval CI: 0.7-2.8%). Antibodies against
were detected in 4/358 wild boar (1.1%; 95% CI: CI: 0.3-2.8%) and 5/259 red deer (1.9%; 0.6-4.5%). Results of the present study indicate that antibodies against
were present in wild boar and red deer in Portugal. These findings can help local health authorities to focus on the problem of
in wildlife and facilitate the application of a One Health approach to its prevention and control.
A cross-sectional study was conducted to gain insight into the epidemiology of canine ehrlichiosis and rickettsiosis in northern Portugal. Specific IgG antibodies to
were analysed using a commercial ...enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and antibodies to
were analysed using a commercial indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). A total of 113 dogs from two different shelters were sampled, and seroprevalence values of 0.9% (95% confidence (CI): 0.2-4.8%) for
and 9.7 (95% CI: 5.5-16.6%) for
were found. Multiple logistic regression investigated risk factors for seropositivity. The odds ratios (ORs) of
seropositivity were higher for female dogs (OR = 6.429; 95% CI: 1.201-34.407). Dogs seropositive for co-infection (
+
) were more frequently observed among females (OR = 7.606; CI 95%: 1.478-39.132) and in Shelter 2 (OR = 18.229; 95% CI: 2.190-151.756). These findings show that shelter dogs in northern Portugal are exposed to
and
, which can affect both canines and humans. It is imperative to adopt a One Health approach to educate the public about the hazards of canine zoonoses and develop legislation and procedures to control their spread and preserve public health.
•Reliable discard estimates can be obtained from an indicator fleet.•Trip clustering in discards estimation procedure improves precision of discard estimates.•The adoption of a threshold for ...obtaining discards based on species frequency should be end-users’ decisions.•Decisions should consider bias-variance trade-off of discard estimates.
Onboard observer programs are key to collect data for fishery dynamics analysis and species bycatch and discard estimation. Major sources of bias of onboard sampling for catch data collection concern the vessel selection method, representativeness of catch sampling data and changes in fishing behavior in the presence of observers. This study was motivated by the worldwide issue of low number of vessels included in the sampling frame due to several types of refusals, and the representativeness of the samples for obtaining accurate catch estimates. Analyses were performed using trips from a bottom otter trawl (target fleet) and from the sampling frame, with and without observers onboard. Multivariate analysis of trips was conducted using logbook data, including landings, trip duration, fishing hours and spatial information, but not discards. Two groups of fishing trips were identified within the target fleet during the study period (2012−2015) with distinct fishing regimes, total landings and main landed species. Vessels from the sampling frame were representative of the target fleet and no observer effects occurred in the sampled trips. These findings support the assertion that the sampling frame used is an indicator fleet and analogous to a reference fleet. Cluster-based discard approaches improved the discard estimates precision, when compared to the fleet-based, in particular the cluster stratified approach. Our study suggests that the implementation of a threshold on the species prevalence in discards may potentially introduce bias in the estimates. Discard estimation without applying a threshold, with fleet- or cluster-based approach, should be ultimately dictated by end-users need, based on the trade-off between bias and variance.
Pet ownership is common in modern society. In Portugal, 38% and 31% of all households own at least one dog or cat, respectively. Few studies have ascertained the knowledge of pet owners on pet ...ownership and zoonoses, and none have been carried out in Portugal. The aim of the present study was to assess household knowledge and practices related to pet ownership and zoonoses in northern Portugal. A face-to-face questionnaire was completed by 424 pet owners, from November 2019 to February 2020. Most respondents (97.2%) considered pets as an important part of the family, especially women (
= 0.036); 73.1% allowed their pets to live an indoor/outdoor life; 41.3% denied sharing the bed with their pets while 29% assumed they did it daily; 20.3% reported never kissing their pets/pets licking their faces. Furthermore, 73.6% considered animals as potential sources of human diseases, but only 25.9% reported knowing the definition of zoonoses; 96.9% considered the role of veterinarians important in protecting public health. The low level of knowledge of pet owners and the occurrence of high-risk behaviors indicates a need to strengthen communication between veterinarians, physicians, pet owners, and the general public towards reduce the risk of acquisition and transmission of zoonoses.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The zoonotic parasitic nematode Thelazia callipaeda, also known as the oriental eye worm, is endemic in several European countries, including Portugal. Infections may result in ocular disease in ...domestic and wild animals as well as humans, with more or less severe manifestations. We report the first human case of ocular thelaziosis by T. callipaeda in Portugal, a country where the parasite had already been found to infect dogs, cats, red foxes, wild rabbits and a beech marten. An 80-year-old patient from east-central Portugal, who had been suffering from tearing for a few years, had whitish filiform fragments removed from the left eye. Polymerase chain reaction of partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 18S small subunit rRNA genes followed by bidirectional sequencing and BLAST analysis confirmed T. callipaeda haplotype 1, the only haplotype previously reported in Europe. The endemicity of T. callipaeda in domestic and wild animals in east-central Portugal makes it very likely that infection of the human patient had occurred locally. In east-central and other geographical areas of Portugal, veterinarians and physicians, especially ophthalmologists, should regard T. callipaeda as a cause of ocular pathology in animals and humans.
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