Status of the DOM electronics Real, D.; Calvo, D.; van Beveren, V. ...
Journal of instrumentation,
10/2021, Letnik:
16, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract
The KM3NeT collaboration has already produced electronics to assemble more than one thousand digital optical modules, which have started to be deployed at the bottom of the Mediterranean ...Sea. An upgrade of the electronics is currently underway, expecting to have a revision of it by end of 2021. Here we describe the main improvements added to the digital optical module electronics, including the new high reliability transceiver in the central logic board and the increased efficiency in the power board.
Abstract
The KM3NeT collaboration is building a deep-sea neutrino observatory in the Mediterranean Sea equipped with thousands of glass spheres, hosting the so-called digital optical modules, with an ...instrumented volume of several cubic kilometers. Reliability of the components used in the construction of the detectors is of extreme importance as the deployed detection units, each one composed of 18 digital optical modules, will not be accessible for any kind of maintenance and the detector should be functional for a period longer than 10 years. This work presents the different reliability methods used in KM3NeT to assess and improve the reliability of the electronics housed in the Digital Optical Modules of KM3NeT.
Abstract
The KM3NeT collaboration has already produced more than one thousand acquisition boards, used for building two deep-sea neutrino detectors at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea, with the ...aim of instrumenting a volume of several cubic kilometers with light sensors to detect the Cherenkov radiation produced in neutrino interactions. The so-called digital optical modules, house the PMTs and the acquisition and control electronics of the module, the central logic board, which includes a Xilinx FPGA and embedded soft processor. The present work presents the architecture and functionalities of the software embedded in the soft processor of the central logic board.
The calibration units of KM3NeT Le Breton, R.; Billault, M.; Boutonnet, C. ...
Journal of instrumentation,
09/2021, Letnik:
16, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
KM3NeT is a deep-sea infrastructure composed of two neutrino telescopes being deployed in the Mediterranean Sea: ARCA, near Sicily in Italy, designed for neutrino astronomy, and ORCA, near Toulon in ...France, designed for neutrino oscillation physics. To achieve the best performance, the exact location of the optical modules, affected by sea current, must be known at any time and the timing resolution between optical modules must reach the nanosecond. Moreover, the properties of the environment in which the telescopes are deployed must be continuously monitored because they affect the timing and positioning calibration. KM3NeT is going to deploy several dedicated Calibration Units to meet these calibration goals. Because of the difference in size between ARCA and ORCA, the design of the Calibration Unit is not the same for the two sites. This proceeding describes all the devices, features and purposes of the Calibration Units with a focus on the ORCA Calibration Unit.
The KM3NeT collaboration is currently building two deep sea neutrino telescopes at the bottom of the Mediterranean sea. The acquisition electronics for the first phase of the telescopes has been ...produced and several Detection Units have already been deployed. For subsequent phases, an improved version of the acquisition electronics has been designed with the goal of reducing the power consumption and improving the long term reliability of the boards. The control software suite, named Control Unit, is also being upgraded, in particular to overcome hardware failures. In this article, we present the last versions of the Central Logic Board and its associated Power Board, together with the evolution of the Control Unit.
Abstract
The KM3NeT collaboration is currently deploying the first detection units of a neutrino observatory in the Mediterranean Sea, which, once completed, will be equipped with thousands of ...so-called digital optical modules. In addition to the detection units KM3NeT has designed an independent calibration unit, housing a set of calibration instruments, including e.g. an acoustic beacon and a laser beacon. The calibration unit and the embedded software developed to operate it are presented here.
Design, construction and tests of anticoincidence detection elements are presented. Initially planned to be used as active shielding parts of the anticoincidence detector of the Simbol-X mission, ...they are aimed to detect cosmic protons and provide veto signal against charged-particle background induced on imaging detectors. The sample is made of a scintillator plate into which grooves are machined and waveshifting fibers glued. The fibers are connected to multianode photomultiplier (PM) tubes. The tubes characteristics have been evaluated for this application. The device has been tested with atmospheric muons that deposit similar energy to that of cosmic protons thanks to a specially designed muon telescope also described in this paper. Tests have also been performed with protons of a tandem accelerator beam line. The response is on average above 10 photoelectrons, which is not complicated to detect, which allows very good detection efficiency as well as very good ability to reject noise. In addition many evolution and performance improvements appear possible.
KM3NeT is a research infrastructure located in the Mediterranean Sea, that will consist of two deep-sea Cherenkov neutrino detectors. With one detector (ARCA), the KM3NeT Collaboration aims at ...identifying and studying TeV–PeV astrophysical neutrino sources. With the other detector (ORCA), the neutrino mass ordering will be determined by studying GeV-scale atmospheric neutrino oscillations. The first KM3NeT detection units were deployed at the Italian and French sites between 2015 and 2017. In this paper, a description of the detector is presented, together with a summary of the procedures used to calibrate the detector in-situ. Finally, the measurement of the atmospheric muon flux between 2232–3386 m seawater depth is obtained.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The first prototype of a photo-detection unit of the future KM3NeT neutrino telescope has been deployed in the deep waters of the Mediterranean Sea. This digital optical module has a novel design ...with a very large photocathode area segmented by the use of 31 three inch photomultiplier tubes. It has been integrated in the ANTARES detector for in-situ testing and validation. This paper reports on the first months of data taking and rate measurements. The analysis results highlight the capabilities of the new module design in terms of background suppression and signal recognition. The directionality of the optical module enables the recognition of multiple Cherenkov photons from the same
40
K decay and the localisation of bioluminescent activity in the neighbourhood. The single unit can cleanly identify atmospheric muons and provide sensitivity to the muon arrival directions.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The KM3NeT Collaboration runs a multi-site neutrino observatory in the Mediterranean Sea. Water Cherenkov particle detectors, deep in the sea and far off the coasts of France and Italy, are already ...taking data while incremental construction progresses. Data Acquisition Control software is operating off-shore detectors as well as testing and qualification stations for their components. The software, named Control Unit, is highly modular. It can undergo upgrades and reconfiguration with the acquisition running. Interplay with the central database of the Collaboration is obtained in a way that allows for data taking even if Internet links fail. In order to simplify the management of computing resources in the long term, and to cope with possible hardware failures of one or more computers, the KM3NeT Control Unit software features a custom dynamic resource provisioning and failover technology, which is especially important for ensuring continuity in case of rare transient events in multi-messenger astronomy. The software architecture relies on ubiquitous tools and broadly adopted technologies and has been successfully tested on several operating systems.
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