There is growing interest in relating taste perception to diet and healthy aging. However, there is still limited information on the influence of age, sex and genetics on taste acuity as well as on ...the relationship between taste perception and taste preferences. We have analysed the influence of age on the intensity rating of the five basic tastes: sweet, salty, bitter, sour and umami (separately and jointly in a "total taste score") and their modulation by sex and genetics in a relatively healthy population (men and women) aged 18⁻80 years (
= 1020 Caucasian European participants). Taste perception was determined by challenging subjects with solutions of the five basic tastes using standard prototypical tastants (6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), NaCl, sucrose, monopotassium glutamate and citric acid) at 5 increasing concentrations (I to V). We also measured taste preferences and determined the polymorphisms of the genes taste 2 receptor member 38 (TAS2R38), taste 1 receptor member 2 (TAS2R38) and sodium channel epithelial 1 beta subunit (SCNN1B), as TAS2R38-rs713598, TAS1R2-rs35874116 and SCNN1B-rs239345 respectively. We found a statistically significant decrease in taste perception ("total taste score") with increasing age for all the concentrations analysed. This association was stronger for the higher concentrations (
= 0.028;
= 0.012;
= 0.005;
= 4.20 × 10
and
= 1.48 × 10
, for I to V in the multivariable-adjusted models). When we analysed taste qualities (using concentration V), the intensity rating of all the 5 tastes was diminished with age (
0.05 for all). This inverse association differed depending on the test quality, being higher for bitter (PROP) and sour. Women perceived taste significantly more intense than men (
= 1.4 × 10
for total taste score). However, there were differences depending on the taste, umami being the lowest (
= 0.069). There was a complex association between the ability to perceive a taste and the preference for the same. Significant associations were, nevertheless, found between a higher perception of sour taste and a higher preference for it in women. In contrast, the higher perception of sweet was significantly associated with a higher preference for bitter in both, men and women. The TAS2R38-rs713598 was strongly associated with bitter (PROP) taste (
= 1.38 × 10
), having a significant interaction with sex (
= 0.030). The TAS1R2-rs35874116 was not significantly associated with sweet, whereas the SCNN1B-rs239345 was associated (
= 0.040) with salty taste. In conclusion, the inverse association between age and perceived taste intensity as well as the additional influence of sex and some genetic polymorphisms give rise to large inter-individual differences in taste perception and taste preferences that should be taken into account in future studies and for applications in precision nutrition for healthy aging.
Abundance and diversity of microbial communities in biosolids are variable and poorly studied in the tropics, and it is known that rainfall is one of the events that could affect the phylogenetic and ...functional microbial structure. In the present study, using NGS technics, we studied the microbial diversity as well as the methanogenesis pathway in one of the largest WWTP in Colombia. Besides, we sampled and analyzed biosolids from rainy season and dry season.
Phylogenetic classification showed a predominance of bacteria in both samples and difference in the dominant groups depending on the rainfall season. Whereas Pseudomonas was the dominant bacteria in the dry season, Coprothermobacter was in the rainy season. Archaea abundance was higher in the rainy season (11.5%) doubling dry season proportion. The bioreactor biogas production and total solids content showed similar results between rainy and dry season at the sampling dates. The most abundant Archaea related with methanogenesis was Methanosaeta, which is a methanogenic microorganism that exclusively uses acetate to produce methane. Moreover, annotation of the methanogenic pathway in the metagenome showed abundance in genes encoding Acetyl-CoA synthetases (ACSS), an enzyme that catalyzes acetate activation. Our results suggest that the microbial diversity was stable among the two time points tested, rainy season and dry season; and, although there were changes in the microbial abundance of dominant bacterial species, anaerobic digester performance is not affected.
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•>800 bacterial OTUs within the biosolids of WWTP San Fernando -Colombia•Pseudomonas and Coprothermobacter dominance alternates between dry and rainy season•Half metagenome DNA sequences cannot be classified using alignment-based methods•Methanogenesis in WWTP San Fernando-Colombia is performed mainly by Methanosaeta
DNA-methylation has been associated with biological age and several epigenetic clocks have been reported (Hovarth) MicroRNA (miRNA) are short single-stranded RNA molecules implicated in the ...regulation of gene expression. As well as protein-coding genes, miRNA-coding genes may be targets for DNA methylation. However, the role of this methylation on aging and cardiovascular risk is still poorly studied. Our aim is to analyze the DNA methylation in miRNA-coding genes in a high-cardiovascular risk Mediterranean population, and its association with age considering sex-specific differences.
A DNA-methylation analysis of miRNA genes was analyzed using the EPIC850K array, in high-cardiovascular risk 414 subjects aged 55-75y. We obtained Beta and M-values for CpGs located in the miRNA genes and their association with age in multivariate models adjusted for confounders (sex, leukocytes, batch-effect, diabetes, BMI). Sex-specific analyses were conducted.
In the whole population, significant associations between miRNA-gene methylation and chronological age were obtained. Outstanding the MIR34B (cg26561785; p=3,9 × 10-8; hypermethylation associated with higher age; r=0.28). Previous studies have linked miR-34a to vascular aging and arteriosclerosis. The following most significant associations (p=4,7 × 10-7-1,5 × 10-6) were obtained with CpG in MIR663(r=0.26), MIR9-3(r=0.26), MIR495(r=-0.26) and MIR203A(r=0.25), as main components of the methylation signature in the whole population. Sex-specific analysis detected sex-specific differences. The top-ranked CpGs in men were MIR34B (cg26561785;p=9.2 × 10-6) and MIR9-3 (cg12530503;p=1.8 × 10-05); whereas in women were MIR376B (cg05348084;p=4.3 × 10-7) and MIR203A (cg24454784;p=3.9 × 10-06).
Altered methylation in MIR genes is associated with chronological age, and this association may be different between men and women with high-cardiovascular risk.
Many early studies presented beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on cardiovascular risk factors and disease. However, results from recent meta-analyses indicate that this effect ...would be very low or nil. One of the factors that may contribute to the inconsistency of the results is that, in most studies, genetic factors have not been taken into consideration. It is known that fatty acid desaturase (
gene cluster in chromosome 11 is a very important determinant of plasma PUFA, and that the prevalence of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) varies greatly between populations and may constitute a bias in meta-analyses. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been carried out in other populations and none of them have investigated sex and Mediterranean dietary pattern interactions at the genome-wide level. Our aims were to undertake a GWAS to discover the genes most associated with serum PUFA concentrations (omega-3, omega-6, and some fatty acids) in a scarcely studied Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome, and to explore sex and adherence to Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) interactions at the genome-wide level. Serum PUFA were determined by NMR spectroscopy. We found strong robust associations between various SNPs in the
cluster and omega-3 concentrations (top-ranked in the adjusted model:
-rs174547,
= 3.34 × 10
;
-rs174550,
= 5.35 × 10
;
-rs1535,
= 5.85 × 10
;
-rs174546,
= 6.72 × 10
;
-rs174546,
= 9.75 × 10
;
- rs174576,
= 1.17 × 10
;
-rs174577,
= 1.12 × 10
, among others). We also detected a genome-wide significant association with other genes in chromosome 11:
(myelin regulatory factor)-rs174535,
= 1.49 × 10
;
(transmembrane protein 258)-rs102275,
= 2.43 × 10
;
(flap structure-specific endonuclease 1)-rs174538,
= 1.96 × 10
). Similar genome-wide statistically significant results were found for docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA). However, no such associations were detected for omega-6 PUFAs or linoleic acid (LA). For total PUFA, we observed a consistent gene*sex interaction with the
(deoxynucleotidyl transferase terminal interacting protein 2)-rs3747965
= 1.36 × 10
. For adherence to MedDiet, we obtained a relevant interaction with the
(malic enzyme 1) gene (a gene strongly regulated by fat) in determining serum omega-3. The top-ranked SNP for this interaction was
-rs3798890 (
= 2.15 × 10
). In the regional-wide association study, specifically focused on the
and
(fatty acid elongase) 2/
5 regions, we detected several statistically significant associations at
< 0.05. In conclusion, our results confirm a robust role of the
cluster on serum PUFA in this population, but the associations vary depending on the PUFA. Moreover, the detection of some sex and diet interactions underlines the need for these associations/interactions to be studied in all specific populations so as to better understand the complex metabolism of PUFA.
Aging is a risk factor for several pathologies, restricting one's health span, and promoting chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases), as well as cancer. Telomeres are ...regions of repetitive DNA located at chromosomal ends. Telomere length has been inversely associated with chronological age and has been considered, for a long time, a good biomarker of aging. Several lifestyle factors have been linked with telomere shortening or maintenance. However, the consistency of results is hampered by some methodological issues, including study design, sample size, measurement approaches, and population characteristics, among others. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the current literature on the effects of three relevant lifestyle factors on telomere length in human adults: physical activity, smoking, and sleep. We conducted a qualitative systematic review of observational and intervention studies using the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The systematic literature search covered articles published in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases (from 2010 to 2020). A total of 1400 studies were identified; 83 were included after quality control. Although fewer sedentary activities, optimal sleep habits, and non- or ex-smoker status have been associated with less telomere shortening, several methodological issues were detected, including the need for more targeted interventions and standardized protocols to better understand how physical activity and sleep can impact telomere length and aging. We discuss the main findings and current limitations to gain more insights into the influence of these lifestyle factors on the healthy aging process.
Precision nutrition aims to make dietary recommendations of a more personalized nature possible, to optimize the prevention or delay of a disease and to improve health. Therefore, the characteristics ...(including sex) of an individual have to be taken into account as well as a series of omics markers. The results of nutritional genomics studies are crucial to generate the evidence needed so that precision nutrition can be applied. Although sex is one of the fundamental variables for making recommendations, at present, the nutritional genomics studies undertaken have not analyzed, systematically and with a gender perspective, the heterogeneity/homogeneity in gene-diet interactions on the different phenotypes studied, thus there is little information available on this issue and needs to be improved. Here we argue for the need to incorporate the gender perspective in nutritional genomics studies, present the general context, analyze the differences between sex and gender, as well as the limitations to measuring them and to detecting specific sex-gene or sex-phenotype associations, both at the specific gene level or in genome-wide-association studies. We analyzed the main sex-specific gene-diet interactions published to date and their main limitations and present guidelines with recommendations to be followed when undertaking new nutritional genomics studies incorporating the gender perspective.
Both nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics are disciplines that form part of what is known as Nutritional Genomics, which, in the widest sense, provides the framework for integrating different omics with ...food and nutrition sciences. After decades of nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic studies, there is a large enough amount of knowledge to consider its application in so-called precision nutrition. This new discipline seeks to take into account the particular characteristics of the individual in order to provide the best diet for preventing or treating a disease. Omic markers are considered to be of importance to that personalization. There are many foods, nutrients and dietary patterns that have been researched in nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics, including the Mediterranean Diet pattern. Despite heterogeneity in defining the Mediterranean Diet, there are various studies that show that the Mediterranean Diet can interact with the genome, so reducing the risk of disease in the most genetically susceptible individuals. Likewise, several studies have recently been revealing the mechanisms through which the Mediterranean Diet may exercise this protective effect. Understanding genetic susceptibility, epigenetic mechanisms, the influence of the metabolome and other omics in more detail may be important in gastronomy, understood as the practice of selecting, cooking and eating food. This omic influence can not only be found in health-disease phenotypes, but also in food taste and smell perception and preferences for certain dishes. Considering all of these together may contribute to an increase in enjoying and at the same time pursuing healthy eating.
An altered gut microbiota has been associated with insulin resistance, a metabolic dysfunction consisting of cellular insulin signaling impairment. The aim of the present study is to determine the ...taxonomic and functional fecal microbiota signatures associated with HOMA-IR index in a population with high cardiovascular risk.
A total of 279 non-diabetic individuals (55-75 years aged) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome were stratified according to tertiles of HOMA-IR index. Blood biochemical parameters, anthropometric measurements and fecal samples were collected at baseline. Fecal microbial DNA extraction, 16S amplicon sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed.
,
and
UCG-002 were negatively associated with HOMA-IR index, whereas predicted total functional abundances revealed gut metabolic modules mainly linked to amino acid degradation.
,
UCG-003,
were positively associated with HOMA-IR index, whereas predicted total functional abundances revealed gut metabolic modules mainly linked to saccharide degradation. These bacteria contribute differentially to the gut metabolic modules, being the degree of contribution dependent on insulin resistance. Both taxa and gut metabolic modules negatively associated to HOMA-IR index were linked to mechanisms involving sulfate reducing bacteria, improvement of intestinal gluconeogenesis and production of acetate. Furthermore, both taxa and gut metabolic modules positively associated to HOMA-IR index were linked to production and mechanisms of action of butyrate.
Specific taxonomic and functional fecal microbiota signatures associated with insulin resistance were identified in a non-diabetic population with overweight/obesity at high cardiovascular risk. These findings suggest that tailoring therapies based on specific fecal microbiota profiles could be a potential strategy to improve insulin sensitivity.
A major problem with dietary assessments is their subjective nature. Untargeted metabolomics and new technologies can shed light on this issue and provide a more complete picture of dietary intake by ...measuring the profile of metabolites in biological samples. Oranges are one of the most consumed fruits in the world, and therefore one of the most studied for their properties. The aim of this work was the application of untargeted metabolomics approach with the novel combination of ion mobility separation coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (IMS-HRMS) and study the advantages that this technique can bring to the area of dietary biomarker discovery, with the specific case of biomarkers associated with orange consumption (
) in plasma samples taken during an acute intervention study (consisting of a randomized, controlled crossover trial in healthy individuals). A total of six markers of acute orange consumption, including betonicines and conjugated flavonoids, were identified with the experimental data and previous literature, demonstrating the advantages of ion mobility in the identification of dietary biomarkers and the benefits that an additional structural descriptor, as the collision cross section value (CCS), can provide in this area.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multimorbid long-term condition without consensual medical definition and a diagnostic based on compatible symptomatology. Here we have investigated the molecular ...signature of MetS in urine.
We used NMR-based metabolomics to investigate a European cohort including urine samples from 11,754 individuals (18-75 years old, 41% females), designed to populate all the intermediate conditions in MetS, from subjects without any risk factor up to individuals with developed MetS (4-5%, depending on the definition). A set of quantified metabolites were integrated from the urine spectra to obtain metabolic models (one for each definition), to discriminate between individuals with MetS.
MetS progression produces a continuous and monotonic variation of the urine metabolome, characterized by up- or down-regulation of the pertinent metabolites (17 in total, including glucose, lipids, aromatic amino acids, salicyluric acid, maltitol, trimethylamine N-oxide, and p-cresol sulfate) with some of the metabolites associated to MetS for the first time. This metabolic signature, based solely on information extracted from the urine spectrum, adds a molecular dimension to MetS definition and it was used to generate models that can identify subjects with MetS (AUROC values between 0.83 and 0.87). This signature is particularly suitable to add meaning to the conditions that are in the interface between healthy subjects and MetS patients. Aging and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are also risk factors that may enhance MetS probability, but they do not directly interfere with the metabolic discrimination of the syndrome.
Urine metabolomics, studied by NMR spectroscopy, unravelled a set of metabolites that concomitantly evolve with MetS progression, that were used to derive and validate a molecular definition of MetS and to discriminate the conditions that are in the interface between healthy individuals and the metabolic syndrome.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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