The substitution of fish resources as ingredients for aquafeeds by those based on vegetable sources is needed to ensure aquaculture sustainability in the future. It is known that Senegalese sole ...(Solea senegalensis) accepts high dietary content of plant ingredients without altering growth or flesh quality parameters. However, scarce information is available regarding the long-term impact of vegetable diets (combining the inclusion of both vegetable protein and oils) on the stress response and immunity of this fish species. This study aims to evaluate the concomitant effect of the extended use of vegetable protein-based diets with fish oil (FO) replacement (0, 50 or 100%) by vegetable oils (VO), on the response to acute (10 min) or prolonged (4 days) stress, induced by thermal shock. Plasma levels of cortisol, glucose and lactate as well as hepatic levels of glucose, glycogen and lactate were evaluated as primary and secondary responses to stress, 6 and 18 months after feeding the experimental diets (6 and 18 MAF). The brain monoaminergic activity in telencephalon and hypothalamus, and non-specific immune parameters were also evaluated. As expected, thermal shock induced an increase in values of plasma parameters related to stress, which was more evident in acute than in prolonged stress. Stress also affected lactate levels in the liver and the values of the alternative complement pathway-ACH50 in the plasma. Dietary substitution of FO induced an effect per se on some parameters such as decreased hepatic glucose and glycogen levels and peroxidase activity in plasma as well enhanced serotonergic activity in brain of non-stressed fish. The results obtained in some parameters indicate that there is an interaction between the use of vegetable diets with the physiological response to thermal stress, as is the case of the hepatic lactate, serotonergic neurotransmission in brain, and the activity of ACH50 in plasma. These results suggest that the inclusion of VO in plant protein based diets point to a slightly inhibited stress response, more evident for an acute than a prolonged stress.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Display omitted
•Essential oils of Piper auritum obtained by supercritical extraction.•Essential oils of Porophyllum ruderale obtained by supercritical extraction.•Yields were in the range ...2.37±0.05–3.09±0.12g oil/100g dry material.•Components identified by GC–MS in Piper auritum oil were safrole and phytol.•Isosafrole, α-copaene and phytol were identified in Porophyllum ruderale oil.
Essential oils (EO) of Piper auritum (“hoja santa”) and Porophyllum ruderale (“pápalo” or “pápalo quelite”), previously dried, were obtained by supercritical extraction (SCE) with CO2. Oil extraction was performed at two temperatures (40 and 50°C) and two pressures (10.34 and 17.24MPa). The steam distillation (SDE) method was used also for extraction of EO. Oils were analyzed in antioxidant activity (ABTS method). The chemical composition of oils, by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). Piper auritum oil yields were in the range 2.37±0.05–3.09±0.12g oil/100g dry material and in Porophyllum ruderale the yields were 0.82±0.01–1.35±0.09g oil/100g dry material. The antioxidant activity, for plants, were in the range 1.30–11.65mg equivalent of Trolox/g of oil and 1.09–10.16mg of ascorbic acid equivalent/g of oil. The main components identified by GC–MS in Piper auritum oil were safrole and phytol and in Porophyllum ruderale oil were isosafrole, α-copaene and phytol.
OBJECTIVES:Unlike the 2018 European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension (ESC/ESH) guideline, the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guideline ...has recommended a shift in hypertension definition from blood pressure (BP) 140/90–130/80 mmHg. Further, they proposed somewhat different indications for antihypertensive medication. No data are available on the comprehensive impact of these guidelines in European countries, where physicians do not always follow guidelines from their own continent. We estimated the prevalence of hypertension, recommendations for antihypertensive medication, and cardiometabolic goals achieved in Spain using the ESC/ESH versus ACC/AHA guidelines.
METHODS:We analyzed data from a national survey on 12074 individuals representative of the population aged at least 18 years in Spain. BP was measured with standardized procedures.
RESULTS:According to the ESC/ESH and ACC/AHA guidelines, hypertension prevalence was 33.1% (95% confidence interval32.2–33.9%) and 46.9% (46.0–47.8%), respectively, and antihypertensive medication was recommended for 33.5% (32.7–34.3%) and 37.2% (36.3–38.1%) of adults, respectively. This represents 5.3 more million hypertensive patients and 1.4 more million candidates for medication (for a 40-million-adults’ country) using the ACC/AHA versus the ESC/ESH guideline. Participants who were hypertensive under the ACC/AHA but not the ESC/ESH guideline achieved less frequently some cardiometabolic goals (e.g. nonsmoking, reduced salt consumption, LDL cholesterol if hypercholesterolemic, lifestyle medical advice, and treatment with renin–angiotensin-system blockers where indicated) than those who were hypertensive under the ESC/ESH guideline.
CONCLUSION:The implementation of the ACC/AHA versus the ESC/ESH guideline would result in a substantial increase in the prevalence of hypertension and the number of adults who should receive medication. There is room for improvement in lifestyles and cardioprotective treatment in individuals with BP of 130–9/80–9 mmHg whether they are called hypertensive (ACC/AHA) or not (ESC/ESH). We suggest that clinical-practice guidelines should consider the public health and costs implications, and not only the evidence on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, of their recommendations.
Abstract Objective To evaluate the utility of first-trimester placental volume and vascular flow indices to predict intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Study Design In 1004 singleton pregnancies ...attending routine care we recorded maternal characteristics, biophysical and biochemical factors included in the first trimester screening for aneuploidy (FTSA) and uterine artery pulsatility index (PI). Placental volume, Vascularization Index, Flow Index and Vascularization Flow Index were obtained. Customized curves were used to define IUGR. We compared pregnancies with and without IUGR. The performance of different predictive models was described by the areas under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curve. Predictive models of IUGR were compared using a two by two approach and subset analysis was performed. Results Placental volume and all vascular indices were significantly lower (p < 0.001, p ≤ 0.01), and uterine artery PI higher (p < 0.001), in pregnancies with IUGR, with and without associated pre-eclampsia. Results obtained in the analysis of homogeneous subsets showed that the effectiveness of combined predictive models for IUGR improved significantly after adding vascular indices or placental volume to maternal characteristics, FTSA variables and uterine artery PI (AUROC curve value 0.703 (95% CI 0.663–0.744) versus 0.720 (95% CI 0.681–0.759) and 0.735 (95% CI 0.696–0.733), respectively). The most effective model at first trimester was that which included only maternal characteristics, uterine a-PI and placental volume, similar to that of the most complex model built with all the factors analyzed in this study (AUROC curve value 0.735 (95% CI 0.696–0.773). Conclusions Placental volume and vascular indices were predictors factors of IUGR at first trimester. The effectiveness of combined predictive models for IUGR increased significantly after adding these factors, but the sensitivity of these models was too low for them to be considered useful in clinical practice.
Blood pressure (BP) variability and nocturnal decline in blood pressure are associated with cardiovascular outcomes. However, little is known about whether these indexes are associated with ...white-coat and masked hypertension. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 1047 community-dwelling individuals aged ⩾60 years in Spain in 2012. Three observer-measured home BPs and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) were performed under standardized conditions. BP variability was defined as BP s.d. and coefficient of variation. Differences in BP variability and nocturnal BP decrease between groups were adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical covariates using generalized linear models. Of the cohort, 21.7% had white-coat hypertension, 7.0% had masked hypertension, 21.4% had sustained hypertension, and 49.9% were normotensive. Twenty-four hour, daytime and night-time systolic BP s.d. and coefficients of variation were significantly higher in subjects with white-coat hypertension than those with normotension (P<0.05) and were similar to subjects with sustained hypertension. In untreated subjects, 24-h but not daytime or night-time BP variability indexes were significantly higher in subjects with white-coat hypertension than in those with normotension (P<0.05). Percentage decrease in nocturnal systolic and diastolic BP was greatest in the white-coat hypertension group and lowest in the masked hypertension group in all patients and untreated patients (P<0.05). Lack of nocturnal decline in systolic blood pressure was observed in 70.2% of subjects with normotension, 57.8% of subjects with white-coat hypertension, 78.1% of subjects with masked hypertension, and 72.2% of subjects with sustained hypertension (P<0.001). In conclusion, 24-h BP variability was higher in subjects with white-coat hypertension and blunted nocturnal BP decrease was observed more frequently in subjects with masked hypertension. These findings may help to explain the reports of increased cardiovascular risk in patients with white-coat hypertension and poor prognosis in those with masked hypertension, highlighting the importance of ABPM.
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) accurately classifies blood pressure (BP) status but its impact on the prevalence and control of hypertension is little known. The authors conducted a ...cross‐sectional study in 2012 among 1047 individuals 60 years and older from the follow‐up of a population cohort in Spain. Three casual BP measurements and 24‐hour ABPM were performed under standardized conditions. Approximately 68.8% patients were hypertensive based on casual BP (≥140/90 mm Hg or current BP medication use) and 62.1% based on 24‐hour ABPM (≥130/80 mm Hg or current BP medication use) (P=.009). The proportion of patients with treatment‐eligible hypertension who met BP goals increased from 37.4% based on the casual BP target to 54.1% based on the 24‐hour BP target (absolute difference, 16.7%; P<.01). These results were consistent across alternative BP thresholds. Therefore, compared with casual BP, 24‐hour ABPM led to a reduction in the proportion of older patients recommended for hypertension treatment and a substantial increase in the proportion of those with hypertension control.
Abstract
Background
With implementation of stricter blood pressure (BP) treatment targets, potential for excessive BP lowering becomes an important issue, especially in older patients.
Objectives
...Assess the magnitude, indicators and detection effort of BP levels below-target-range (BTR-BP) recommended by the European hypertension guidelines in older treated hypertensive patients (130–139/70–79 mmHg).
Design
Cross-sectional, retrospective study (Seniors-ENRICA-2 cohort).
Setting
General population.
Subjects
1,329 treated hypertensive patients aged ≥65, assessed with three home casual BP measurements and 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM).
Methods
Based on the European hypertension guidelines and the literature, BTR-BPs were defined as mean BP <130/70, <125/65, <130/70 and <110/55 mmHg, for casual BP, 24-hour BP, daytime BP and nighttime BP, respectively, and hypotension as <110/70, <105/65, <110/70 and <90/55 mmHg, respectively.
Results
Participants’ mean age was 72 ± 4.4 (50.3%, women). Based on casual BP, 7.2% of patients were in target range (130–139/70–79 mmHg), 44.3% in BTR-BP (<130/70) and 20.8% hypotensive (<110/70). Some 44.9, 54.9 and 22.0% of patients were in BTR-BP for 24-hour BP, daytime BP and nighttime BP, respectively, and 11.0, 21.1 and 5.6%, respectively, were hypotensive. The number of patients needed for ABPM to detect one case of 24-hour-, daytime-, and nighttime-BTR-BP was 3, 2 and 5, respectively, and 10, 5 and 18, respectively, for detecting one hypotensive case. Cardiovascular disease and female sex were associated with both BTR-BP and hypotension, and the number of antihypertensive drugs was only associated with hypotension.
Conclusions
BTR-BP levels were common in older treated patients at home and in everyday life, more frequent than many trials report, and daytime ABPM is highly size-efficient for detecting the low ambulatory BP conditions.
This study presents for the first time the spectral impact on the performance of different photovoltaic (PV) technologies in Lima, Peru. We experimentally monitored the spectral distributions over ...one year (March 2019–February 2020). The average photon energy (APE) is calculated as a representative parameter to evaluate the spectral distributions. The spectral mismatch factor (MM) enables an estimation of the spectral gains of distinct PV technologies: amorphous silicon (a-Si), perovskite, cadmium telluride (CdTe), multicrystalline silicon (multi-Si), monocrystalline silicon (mono-Si) and copper indium gallium selenide with two distinct band-gaps (CIGS-1 and CIGS-2).
We found that the annual APE has a value of 1.923 eV, indicating that the spectrum is shifted to shorter wavelengths. In contrast to studies performed in other locations, the spectral distribution shows relatively small monthly APE value variations. This nearly negligible seasonality could be attributed to the low latitude and the particular climate in Lima. Larger-bandgap PV technologies, such as a-Si, perovskite, and CdTe, resulted in annual spectral gains of +6.8%, +4.8%, and +2.1%, respectively. Lower-bandgap PV technologies (CIGS-2, multi-Si, CIGS-1, and mono-Si), present small annual spectral gains of −0.9%, −1.4%, −1.6% and −2.3%, respectively. Also, a quasi-linear correlation between APE and MM was found for all PV technologies.
Display omitted
•Spectral impact on PV performance in a low latitude site with desertic coastal climate.•Predominant blue-shifted spectra without seasonal behavior.•Monthly spectral gains show negligible seasonal behavior for all PV technologies.•Annual spectral gains: up to 6.8% for larger bandgap and down to −1% for small bandgap PV materials.•Quasi-linear relationship between the spectral mismatch factor and the average photon energy.
•Novel procedure to estimate the nominal power of PV generators.•Procedure is based on non-parametric statistics.•Nominal power can be estimated under clear and partly cloudy sky conditions.•The ...procedure is suitable for PV generators in operating conditions.•An estimation uncertainty below 1% is found under both sky conditions.
The nominal power is an essential parameter for evaluating the general state of a photovoltaic plant. The American Society for Testing and Materials, the International Electrotechnical Commission and other works propose procedures that allow estimating the nominal power of a photovoltaic generator in outdoor conditions. These procedures generally require monitoring days with ideal conditions, particularly clear sky days with high irradiance values and low wind speeds. These restrictions can limit the available number of monitoring days, especially in places with frequent cloud formations.
In this work, a 109.44 kW photovoltaic plant was monitored for six months in Granada, Spain. Its nominal power is first estimated applying a referential procedure reported in the literature for large PV plants under the required ideal climatic conditions. In order to overcome the restrictions for estimating the nominal power, we propose a new procedure applicable not only for ideal but also for non-ideal conditions, such as found on partially cloudy days. This new procedure applies non-parametric statistics to find the most probable value of the nominal power within a single monitoring day. A statistical analysis indicates that it reliably estimates the nominal power at non-ideal conditions while preserving the same estimation accuracy as under ideal conditions.
Aims
Although the vital prognosis of heart failure (HF) is generally poor, it varies substantially between patients. This study examined whether health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) predicts ...long‐term mortality in HF. It also evaluated the role of generic and disease‐specific HRQoL questionnaires.
Methods and results
We studied 416 patients admitted for HF‐related emergencies to four hospitals in Spain in 2000–2001. Health‐related quality of life was measured at study baseline with a generic questionnaire, the SF‐36, and with a disease‐specific one, the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLWHF) questionnaire. Patients were followed prospectively to 2007 to ascertain all‐cause mortality. During follow‐up, 290 (69.7%) patients died. After adjustment for biomedical, healthcare, and social variables, a poor mental component summary (MCS) score on the SF‐36 was associated with higher mortality hazard ratio (HR) 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.76. For MLWHF, a poor physical component summary (PCS) score predicted higher mortality (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.01–1.70). In a stepwise Cox model that included the PCS scores of both the SF‐36 and the MLWHF, only the PCS of the MLWHF was retained with P < 0.05. However, when both MCS scores were included, only the MCS of the SF‐36 was retained with P < 0.05.
Conclusion
The SF‐36 MCS and the MLWHF PCS predict long‐term mortality in patients with HF. Future research should identify the determinants of HRQoL and refine interventions to improve it.
PDF
