We present predictions for the exclusive and dissociative production of vector mesons off protons in an electron-ion collider. The computation is based on the energy-dependent hot spot model that was ...shown to successfully describe the available photoproduction data. We find that the model also describes correctly all available electroproduction data. In addition, we find that the cross section for dissociative production as a function of the center-of-mass energy of the photon-proton system has a maximum, whose position depends on the virtuality of the photon and the mass of the vector meson. We use these maxima to define a geometrical saturation scale and find that it grows linearly with energy as a function of the scale of the process. This phenomenon can be studied at the proposed electron-ion colliders, JLEIC, eRHIC and LHeC.
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•Pre-treatments modified the structure and composition of Agave durangensis leaves.•Pre-treated Agave durangensis leaves have better enzymatic digestibility.•Ultrasound pre-treatment ...increases the production of hydrolytic enzymes.
Approximately 1 million tons of agave plants are processed annually by the Mexican tequila and mezcal industry, generating vast amounts of agroindustrial solid waste. This type of lignocellulosic biomass is considered to be agroindustrial residue, which can be used to produce enzymes, giving it added value. However, the structure of lignocellulosic biomass makes it highly recalcitrant, and results in relatively low yield when used in its native form. The aim of this study was to investigate an effective pre-treatment method for the production of commercially important hydrolytic enzymes. In this work, the physical and chemical modification of Agave durangensis leaves was analysed using ultrasound and high temperature as pre-treatments, and production of enzymes was evaluated. The pre-treatments resulted in modification of the lignocellulosic structure and composition; the ultrasound pre-treatment improved the production of inulinase by 4 U/mg and cellulase by 0.297 U/mg, and thermal pre-treatment improved β-fructofuranosidase by 30 U/mg.
The solution to the impact-parameter dependent Balitsky-Kovchegov equation with the collinearly improved kernel is studied in detail. The solution does not present the phenomenon of Coulomb tails at ...large impact parameters that have affected previous studies. The origin of this behavior is explored numerically. It is found to be linked to the fact that this kernel suppresses large daughter dipoles. Solutions based on a physics motivated form of the initial condition are used to compute predictions for structure functions of the proton and the exclusive photoproduction and electroproduction of vector mesons. A reasonable agreement is found when comparing to HERA and LHC data.
Currently furfural production has been the subject of increased interest because it is a biobased chemical able to compete with fossil-based chemicals. Furfural is characterized by flammability, ...explosion, and toxicity properties. Improper handling and process design can lead to catastrophic accidents. Hence it is of most importance to use inherent safety concepts during the design stage. This work is the first to present several new downstream separation processes for furfural purification, which are designed using an optimization approach that simultaneously considers safety criteria in addition to the total annual cost and the eco-indicator 99. The proposed schemes include thermally coupled configuration, thermodynamic equivalent configuration, dividing-wall column, and a heat integrated configuration. These are compared with the traditional separation process of furfural known as the Quaker Oats Process. The results show that because of a large amount of water present in the feed, similar values are obtained for total annual cost and eco-indicator 99 in all cases. Moreover, the topology of the processes has an important role in the safety criteria. The thermodynamic equivalent configuration resulted as the safest alternative with a 40% reduction of the inherent risk with respect to the Quaker Oats Process, and thus it is the safest option to purify furfural.
The impact of nonlinear effects in the diffractive observables that will be measured in future electron-ion collisions is investigated. We present, for the first time, the predictions for the ...diffractive structure function and reduced cross sections derived using the solution to the Balitsky–Kovchegov equation with the collinearly-improved kernel and including the impact-parameter dependence. We demonstrate that the contribution of the diffractive events is enhanced in nuclear collisions and that the study of the ratio between the nuclear and proton predictions will be useful to discriminate among different models of the dipole-target scattering amplitude and, consequently, will allow us to constrain the description of QCD dynamics in parton densities.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We solved the impact-parameter dependent Balitsky-Kovchegov equation with the recently proposed collinearly improved kernel. We find that the solutions do not present the Coulomb tails that have ...affected previous studies. We also show that once choosing an adequate initial condition it is possible to obtain a reasonable description of HERA data on the structure function of the proton, as well as on the cross section for the exclusive production of a J/ψ vector meson off proton targets. As a further application of the solutions, we computed the impact-parameter dependent Weizsäcker-Williams gluon distribution.
Aim
As options to treat recalcitrant bacterial infections which are increasingly limited due to multidrug‐resistant strains, searching for new, effective antibacterial compounds is necessary. One ...strategy is to generate treatment alternatives by drug repurposing.
Methods and Results
In this work, phenotypic microarrays were used for the screening of miscellaneous compounds against the growth and biofilm formation of Acinetobacter baumannii, an important emergent multidrug‐resistant opportunistic pathogen. The results showed that the phenothiazine derivatives, such as promethazine, trifluoperazine, thioridazine, and chlorpromazine, inhibited the growth of antibiotic‐sensitive and multidrug‐resistant strains (showing minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0·05 to 0·6 g l−1 and minimal bactericidal concentrations ranging from 0·1 to 2·5 g l−1). All phenothiazine derivatives were active against biofilm cells (with minimal biofilm eradication concentrations ranging from 0·5 to >3 g l−1). Chlorpromazine promoted reactive oxigen species (ROS) production, and cell membrane and DNA damage. Chlorpromazine showed synergy with antibiotics such as ceftazidime, meropenem, and colistin and was an effective treatment for experimentally infected Galleria mellonella when combined with ceftazidime.
Conclusions
It was demonstrated that phenothiazine derivatives, especially chlorpromazine, are drugs with attractive antibacterial properties against nosocomial MDR strains of A. baumannii, by generating ROS and cell membrane and DNA damage.
Significance and Impact of the Study
The present study indicates that repurposing phenothiazine derivatives for treating recalcitrant infections by A. baumannii could be promising.
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