Passiflora guayaquilensis (Passifloraceae), a new species of wild passion fruit in subg. Decaloba from the seasonally deciduous dry forests of coastal Ecuador is here formally described and ...illustrated. The new species is similar to Passiflora morifolia, but differs notably in the morphology of the flower and fruit. The conservation status of P. guayaquilensis is assigned here as Vulnerable.
Phytochemical screening of ethanolic extracts of Acnistus arborescens (L.) Schltdl. (Solanaceae); Albizia multiflora (Kunth) Barneby & J.W. Grimes (Fabaceae); Capparidastrum petiolare (Kunth) Hutch. ...(Capparaceae); Colicodendron scabridum (Kunth) Seem. (Capparaceae); Gronovia scandens L. (Loasaceae); Gustavia angustifolia Benth. (Lecythidaceae); Piscidia carthagenensis Jacq. (Fabaceae); Psidium rostratum Mc Vaugh (Myrtaceae); Psidium guayaquilense Landrum & Cornejo (Myrtaceae); Psidium cf. rostratum Mc Vaugh (Myrtaceae); Salicornia fruticosa L. (Amaranthaceae); Simira ecuadorensis (Standl.) Steyerm. (Rubiaceae); Ruellia floribunda Hook. (Acanthaceae) were assayed. Alkaloids, tannins and terpenoids were the secondary metabolites most frequently found, while flavonoids, quinones, anthraquinones, steroids and saponins were present in less proportion. Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to quantify the total phenolic content in the ethanolic extracts using a calibration curve of gallic acid. The range between 941.97±30.69 and 241.54±15.54GAE/mg dry extract, has been observed for Psidium guayaquilense and Acnistus arborescens, respectively. On the other hand, antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extracts was evaluated using the disk diffusion agar method against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802. P. rostratum, P. guayaquilense, P. cf. rostratum, R. floribunda and S. ecuadorensis were the most active extracts against the bacterial assays with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging between 20 and 100ppm. According to literature, it is most likely that this is the first report on phytochemical screening, total phenolic content and antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of these species.
Momordica charantia, una maleza trepadora introducida, es nativa del trópico y subtrópico de Asia y África y se encuentra ampliamente distribuida en Ecuador. En este estudio, examinamos la ...distribución espacio-temporal de los registros de M. charantia y evaluamos su riesgo de invasión para Ecuador. Se recolectaron ocurrencias de la especie de diversas fuentes (bases de datos y herbarios). Se analizó la distribución de la especie en Ecuador y en áreas prioritarias de conservación, considerando sus preferencias climáticas y ecosistémicas. Se realizó un análisis de riesgo de invasión para Ecuador Continental. Nuestros resultados indicaron que M. charantia fue reportada por primera vez en Ecuador en la región de la costa en 1846. La causa de su introducción es desconocida; sin embargo, una posible vía para su expansión podría estar relacionada con su uso como planta medicinal en Ecuador. Actualmente, la especie está naturalizada en Ecuador y se ha registrado en las cuatro regiones, incluyendo las Islas Galápagos. Se detectó la presencia de la especie en 18 áreas prioritarias de conservación, donde su abundancia parece incipiente y su erradicación factible. La ciencia ciudadana (i.e. iNaturalist) proporcionó la mayoría de los registros de la especie, resaltando su importancia para monitorear especies invasoras. Aunque M. charantia tiene una presencia limitada en ambientes naturales (el 89% de los registros se encuentran en áreas perturbadas), la especie fue categorizada como de “alto riesgo” debido a que en Ecuador hay regiones climáticamente adecuadas para su establecimiento. Además, M. charantia tiene una alta capacidad de dispersión a larga distancia y un considerable potencial para convertirse en maleza en cultivos, representando una amenaza para la agricultura. Destacamos que la presencia de M. charantia en áreas perturbadas podría constituir una fuente de propagación hacia áreas cultivadas, donde la especie podría comportarse como maleza. El manejo de las poblaciones de M. charantia cerca de los cultivos podría mitigar sus posibles impactos agrícolas.
Con base en la morfología, estudios moleculares previos, y un distintivo patron geográfico de distribución, esto es, restringido a los Andes Centrales en America del Sur, aquí se propone formalmente ...Incacleome gen. nov., un nuevo género neotropical segregado de Andinocleome (Cleomaceae). Además, se proveen las respectivas tres nuevas combinaciones (I. chilensis, I. limoneolens, y I. mathewsii) y una clave de las especies.
Se presenta un reporte de los estudios botánicos realizados en la costa de Ecuador, desde lasprimeras expediciones realizadas durante los siglos XVIII y XIX hasta el clímax de las ...investigacionesbotánicas llevadas a cabo desde el siglo XX hasta la presente fecha. Se trata también lainfluencia de las corrientes oceánicas en la formación de las biorregiones de la costa de Ecuadoren ecosistemas de manglar y tierra firme, y se comenta algunas tendencias morfológicas y lasnovedades taxonómicas encontradas en estas biorregiones.
Documentation of plant taxa has long been subject to the temporal and spatial selectivity of professional research expeditions, especially in tropical regions. Therefore, rare and/or narrowly endemic ...species are sometimes known only from very few and very old herbarium specimens. However, these taxa are very important from a conservation perspective. The lack of observations of living plants and confirmation of the actual occurrence of taxa hinders the planning and implementation of effective conservation measures. Community science networks have recently made tremendous contributions to documenting biodiversity in many regions across the globe. The rediscovery of six species of
(Loasaceae) from Peru and Ecuador primarily via the platform iNaturalist, is reported.
RESUMO Este trabalho compreende o estudo taxonômico de Capparaceae para o Estado da Paraíba, Nordeste brasileiro. Foram realizados trabalhos de campo mensamente entre janeiro e dezembro/2018 ...abrangendo as principais mesorregiões do Estado. Também foram analisadas exsicatas dos demais herbários paraibanos, Herbário Virtual da Flora e dos Fungos (Reflora) e da plataforma SpeciesLink, além de herbários norte-americanos (MO e NY). Foram registrados quatro gêneros e cinco espécies: Capparidastrum frondosum, Crateva tapia, Cynophalla flexuosa, C. hastata e Neocalyptrocalyx longifolium. O tratamento inclui uma chave para a identificação das espécies, descrições taxonômicas, comentários sobre afinidades taxonômicas fundamentadas em características morfológicas, dados de distribuição, floração e ou frutificação, além de imagens e estampas contendo os principais caracteres diagnósticos das espécies encontradas.
ABSTRACT This work encompasses the taxonomic study of Capparaceae Juss. for Paraíba State, Brazilian Northeastern. Field works collections were carried out monthly between January and December/2018 to cover the main mesorregions of the State. Exsiccate of the other Herbaria of Paraíba and the Virtual Herbarium of Flora and Fungi (Reflora), the platform of SpeciesLink, and North American herbaria (MO and NY) also were analyzed. The identifications were based on specialized literature to the family. In the study area, four genera and five species were recorded: Capparidastrum frondosum, Crateva tapia, Cynophalla flexuosa, C. hastata and Neocalyptrocalyx longifolium. The treatment includes a key to the species identification, taxonomic descriptions, comments on taxonomic affinities based on morphological characteristics, distribution data, flowering, and fruiting, as well as images and figures in Chinese ink containing the main diagnostic characters of the species found.
On the basis of previously documented genetic evidence, which correlates with morphological traits and a well-defined biogeographic pattern of distribution, Hilairanthus Tiegh. is recognized and ...reinstated as a genus of mangrove segregated from Avicennia (Acanthaceae). The genus is lectotypified, and the following combinations are formally proposed for Hilairanthus germinans, H. bicolor, and H. schaueriana.
On the basis of defined morphological characters, Acanthocapparis, a new monospecific genus of Capparaceae from Mesoamerica and a segregate of Capparicordis, is formally proposed. The new combination ...Acanthocapparis yunckeri is also provided. The genus occurs from northern Honduras to Campeche, in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico.
Following recent mimosoid phylogenetic and phylogenomic studies demonstrating the non-monophyly of the genus
, we present a new molecular phylogeny focused on the neotropical species in the genus, ...with much denser taxon sampling than previous studies. Our aims were to test the monophyly of the neotropical section Arthrosamanea, resolve species relationships, and gain insights into the evolution of fruit morphology. We perform a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of sequences of nuclear internal and external transcribed spacer regions and trace the evolution of fruit dehiscence and lomentiform pods. Our results find further support for the non-monophyly of the genus
, and confirm the previously proposed segregation of
,
,
and
. All species that were sampled from section Arthrosamanea form a clade that is sister to a clade composed of
,
,
and
. We find that lomentiform fruits are independently derived from indehiscent septate fruits in both
and section Arthrosamanea. Our results show that morphological adaptations to hydrochory, associated with shifts into seasonally flooded habitats, have occurred several times independently in different geographic areas and different lineages within the ingoid clade. This suggests that environmental conditions have likely played a key role in the evolution of fruit types in
and related genera. We resurrect the name
to accommodate the species of section Arthrosamanea, except for two species that were not sampled here but have been shown in other studies to be more closely related to other ingoid genera and we restrict the name
s.s. to the species from Africa, Madagascar, Asia, Australia, and the Pacific. Twenty-one new nomenclatural combinations in
are proposed, including 16 species and 5 infraspecific varietal names. In addition to the type species
, the genus has 17 species distributed across tropical regions of the Americas, including the Caribbean. Finally, a new infrageneric classification into five sections is proposed and a distribution map of the species of
is presented.
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